The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Social Distancing on Kawasaki Disease-associated Hospitalization, South Korea.","authors":"Jung Hwangbo,&nbsp;Jue Seong Lee,&nbsp;Seung Ah Choe,&nbsp;Young June Choe","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a cohort study to estimate the impact of social distancing on incidence of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Korean children, using the nationally representative data. The KD-related hospitalization rate has declined significantly from -38.8% (April) to 81.7% (June). The decrease in diagnosis of KD adds clue for infectious etiology of KD and the establishment of preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e383-e384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39014256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Retinal Vessel Tortuosity Associated With Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Children.","authors":"Duygu Yalinbas,&nbsp;Ayca Komurluoglu,&nbsp;Erman Bozali","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the ocular symptoms and findings of children diagnosed with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, children diagnosed with CCHF who underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination during the hospitalization period were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four children with a mean age of 12.4 ± 3.6 years were included study. The most common ocular finding was conjunctival hyperemia and was observed in 50% of patients. Nine (37.4%) children had abnormalities in fundus examination. Two (8.3%) of them had dilated retinal veins, and 7 (29.1%) had tortuous retinal vessels. No significant difference was found between mild to moderate and severe disease groups in terms of ocular symptoms and ophthalmologic examination findings (P > 0.05, for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The increased retinal vessel tortuosity was detected as a fundus examination finding in children with CCHF. Both ophthalmologists and pediatricians should be aware of the various ocular manifestations of CCHF for rapid diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"880-884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39185202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Associated Encephalomyelitis and Radiculitis Requires Verification of the Virus.","authors":"Josef Finsterer,&nbsp;Fulvio A Scorza","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e388-e389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443423/pdf/inf-40-e388b.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refocusing Human Microbiota Research in Infectious and Immune-mediated Diseases: Advancing to the Next Stage.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003299","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in the microbiota are associated with disease susceptibility, immune system development, and responses to treatment. Refocusing research to elucidate the causal links between the human microbiota and infectious and immune-mediated diseases will be critical to harnessing its power to prevent, diagnose, and treat such diseases.","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39419483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Fournier's Gangrene: Avoiding Extensive Debridement.","authors":"Manuel De La Torre,&nbsp;Carolina Solé,&nbsp;María Fanjul,&nbsp;Beatriz Berenguer,&nbsp;María Arriaga-Redondo,&nbsp;Elena de Tomás,&nbsp;Concepción Lorca-García","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fournier's gangrene is a necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotal and inguinal region, associating high mortality and complication rates. It is extremely rare in the neonatal period and may be life threatening. We present an exceptional case of a 24-day-old boy who consulted to the emergency department for fever (39 °C) and an indurated, fluctuating and painful erythema in both groins, left hemiscrotum, left anterior femoral region and perineum for the last 6 hours. Blood analysis showed increased acute phase reactants without leukocytosis. Ultrasound revealed significant soft-tissue involvement. Due to high clinical suspicion and hemodynamic instability (tachycardia and prolonged capillary filling), urgent fasciotomy, placement of Penrose drains and intensive irrigation was performed. Wound care with irrigations was performed 3 times a day. During the 12 days neonatal intensive care unit admission, he required hemodynamic support and orotracheal intubation and sedation for pain control. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy (with cefotaxime, clindamycin and cloxacillin) was administered for 2 weeks. Ampicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) was isolated in blood culture at 4th day of admission allowing antibiotic de-escalation. He was discharged on postoperative day 24. He has minimal, inconspicuous scars and no functional sequelae. Fever in neonates requires close observation considering the use of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics and hospitalization. Early diagnosis, prompt surgical management and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy are essential to prevent complication. Early fasciotomy with intensive irrigation and close survey may avoid extensive skin debridement.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e384-e387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39208289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Characteristics, Severity, and Seasonality of RSV Subtypes Among Hospitalized Children in Jordan.","authors":"Ahmad Yanis,&nbsp;Zaid Haddadin,&nbsp;Herdi Rahman,&nbsp;Claudia Guevara,&nbsp;Katlyn G McKay,&nbsp;Varvara Probst,&nbsp;John V Williams,&nbsp;Samir Faouri,&nbsp;Asem Shehabi,&nbsp;Najwa Khuri-Bulos,&nbsp;Natasha B Halasa","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in young children worldwide. Multiple factors affect RSV disease severity, and data regarding differences between RSV subtypes severity are controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, seasonality and severity of RSV subtypes in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of a prospective ARI surveillance study conducted from March 2010 to March 2013 in Amman, Jordan, children less than 2 years with fever and/or respiratory symptoms were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected through parental interviews and medical chart review. The treating physician collected severity score data at admission. Nasal and throat swabs were collected and tested. Multivariable regression models were used to compare the odds of increased disease severity across a priori selected predictors of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1397/3168 (44%) children were RSV positive, with a mean age of 5.3 months (±4.8 SD), 59.7% were male, 6.4% had an underlying medical condition (UMC), 63.6% were RSV-A positive, 25.2% were RSV-B positive, 0.6% were positive for both, and 10.6% could not be typed. Both RSV subtypes peaked in January-March of each year. RSV A-positive children were more likely to present with decreased appetite but less likely to have viral co-detection than RSV B-positive children. Independent factors associated with RSV disease severity included cycle threshold value, vitamin D level, age, UMC, prematurity and severity score, but not RSV subtypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RSV subtypes co-circulated and had similar severity profiles; future preventive and treatment measures should target both subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"808-813"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39183118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Histopathology of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Deaths in African Children.","authors":"Fikile C Mabena,&nbsp;Vicky L Baillie,&nbsp;Martin J Hale,&nbsp;Bukiwe N Thwala,&nbsp;Nonhlanhla Mthembu,&nbsp;Toyah Els,&nbsp;Natali Serafin,&nbsp;Jeanine du Plessis,&nbsp;Peter Swart,&nbsp;Sithembiso C Velaphi,&nbsp;Karen L Petersen,&nbsp;Jeannette Wadula,&nbsp;Nelesh P Govender,&nbsp;Charl Verwey,&nbsp;David P Moore,&nbsp;Fatima Y Moosa,&nbsp;Firdose L Nakwa,&nbsp;Basetsana V Maroane,&nbsp;Grace Okudo,&nbsp;Theodore M Mabaso,&nbsp;Ziyaad Dangor,&nbsp;Marta C Nunes,&nbsp;Shabir A Madhi","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, very few childhood deaths have been attributed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated clinical, microbiologic and postmortem histopathologic findings in childhood deaths in whom severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified antemortem or postmortem.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surveillance of childhood deaths was ongoing during the initial COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa from April 14, 2020, to August 31, 2020. All children hospitalized during this time had a SARS-CoV-2 test done as part of standard of care. Postmortem sampling included minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) of lung, liver and heart tissue; blood and lung samples for bacterial culture and molecular detection of viruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and bacteria. The cause of death attribution was undertaken by a multidisciplinary team and reported using World Health Organization framework for cause of death attribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 was identified on antemortem and/or postmortem sampling in 11.7% (20/171) of deceased children, including 13.2% (12/91) in whom MITS was done. Eighteen (90%) of 20 deaths with SARS-CoV-2 infection were <12 months age. COVID-19 was attributed in the causal pathway to death in 91.7% (11/12) and 87.5% (7/8) cases with and without MITS, respectively. Lung histopathologic features in COVID-19-related deaths included diffuse alveolar damage (n = 6, 54.5%), type 2 pneumocyte proliferation (n = 6, 54.5%) and hyaline membrane formation (n = 5, 36.4%). Culture-confirmed invasive bacterial disease was evident in 54.5% (6/11) of COVID-19 attributed deaths investigated with MITS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 was in the causal pathway of 10.5% (18/171) of all childhood deaths under surveillance. The postmortem histopathologic features in fatal COVID-19 cases in children were consistent with reports on COVID-19 deaths in adults; although there was a high prevalence of invasive bacterial disease in the children.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e323-e332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39315344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Predictors of Mortality in Children with Severe Dengue Fever: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Anil Sachdev,&nbsp;Divyank Pathak,&nbsp;Neeraj Gupta,&nbsp;Ashish Simalti,&nbsp;Dhiren Gupta,&nbsp;Suresh Gupta,&nbsp;Parul Chugh","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to identify early predictors of mortality in children with severe dengue fever admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All consecutive children with laboratory-confirmed severe dengue fever were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Besides demographic data, disease severity and organ dysfunction scores, laboratory investigations and interventions are done in PICU were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period of 42 months, 172 patients with dengue fever were admitted to PICU. A total of 78 (45.3%) patients with severe dengue fever were included and analyzed. There were 20 (25.6%) deaths. There were significant differences in disease severity and organ dysfunction scores, transaminases, blood lactate level and serum creatinine between survivors and nonsurvivors. A significantly higher number of nonsurvivors required interventions in first 24 hours of admission. Platelet counts (P value 0.22) and hematocrit (P value 0.47) were not statistically different in 2 groups. There was a significantly high vasopressor-inotrope score (VIS) (<0.001) and positive fluid balance >10% (0.002) in nonsurvivors. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis identified serum glutamic pyruvic transaminases (≥ 284 IU/L; odds ratio [OR] 1.002, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.003), blood lactate level (≥2.73 mmol/L; OR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.354-3.202), Pediatric Risk of Mortality score at 12 hours (≥14.5; OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.077-1.693), VIS (≥22.5, OR 1.129, 95% CI: 1.059-1.204) and positive fluid balance >10% (OR 22.937, 95% CI: 2.393-219.84) at 24 hours of admission as independent predictors of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disease severity, hyperlactatemia at admission, need for multiple vasoactive drugs and positive fluid balance are predictors of mortality in severe dengue infection in children admitted to PICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"797-801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyomyositis of the Iliopsoas and Piriformis Muscles Caused by Panton-valentine Leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Meltem Polat,&nbsp;Nuran Sabir","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e358-e359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39185201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secretors of HBGA and Susceptibility to Norovirus and Rotavirus Diarrhea.","authors":"Howard Faden,&nbsp;Beverly A Schaefer","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histo-blood group antigen contains oligosaccharides that serve as receptors for norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus (RV). The receptors are only present on the surface of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of secretors; therefore, secretors are susceptible to NoV and RV diarrhea and nonsecretors are resistant. The prevalence of secretors in different countries varies between 50% and 90%. Secretor rates evolved in response to environmental pressures such as infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"846-851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39315346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}