The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal最新文献

{"title":"Treatment of Childhood Brucellosis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Endi Lanza Galvão, Kathiaja Miranda Souza, Marina Gonçalves de Freitas, Marina Rocha Fonseca Souza, Moisés Willian Aparecido Gonçalves, G. Cota, Sarah Nascimento Silva","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004389","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Proper treatment for brucellosis is crucial to eradicate the infection and prevent complications, but there is a notable gap in evidence for pediatric treatment. This study aims to address this gap by reviewing current literature, analyzing the efficacy and safety of brucellosis treatment in children, and identifying areas that require further investigation.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000A systematic review, following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and Cochrane Handbook guidelines, assessed antimicrobial regimens' efficacy and safety for treating human brucellosis in children. Original human studies with clinical outcomes after drug therapy intervention for children up to 10 years were included. Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and LILACS databases for studies indexed until March 6, 2023. Study selection, data extraction, and bias risk assessment were performed by pairs of reviewers. The quality assessment used Joanna Briggs Institute tools and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system. Data were analyzed using R software.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 1773 records were reviewed, yielding 11 eligible studies encompassing 1156 children. All included studies presented an observational design. The most reported treatment approaches included sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim with rifampicin or aminoglycosides, with summarized failure rates of 2% (95% confidence interval: 0.0-0.49) and 13% (95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.29), respectively (very low certainty of evidence). Adverse events and time to defervescence were not reported.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim + rifampicin were the most prescribed antibiotics for brucellosis for pediatrics. The study highlights the need for more research with robust designs, and emphasizes uncertainty regarding the efficacy of antimicrobial regimens, emphasizing the importance of further investigations to guide specific treatment protocols for this population.","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where Birth Month, Sex and Age Matters: The Burden of Severe Respiratory Disease in Danish Children <5 Years, 2016-2022.","authors":"Ebba Emilie Flach de Neergaard, Amanda Marie Egeskov-Cavling, Dorte Rytter, Caroline K Johannesen, Thea K Fischer","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004399","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000In light of the substantial impact that respiratory diseases in young children poses on healthcare systems globally, and in the wake of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there is a growing urgency to obtain reliable estimates on the burden of respiratory disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVES\u0000The aim of this study is to quantify the overall burden of respiratory disease requiring hospitalizations and explore the trends in these admissions in Danish children <5 years, January 1, 2016-October 31, 2022.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The number of hospitalizations attributed to respiratory infections in children <5 years, was extracted from the Danish National Patient Register, and stratified into subgroups based on age, gender and birth month, and presented on a month-to-month basis.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 48,194 children under the age of 5, were hospitalized due to respiratory infections within the study period and the annual hospitalization incidence exhibited a noteworthy variation. Risk factors associated with the highest hospitalization incidence were young age, male gender and in children under 1-year-old, birth months falling in the period of November to January. Younger age and admission during the winter months were linked to longer hospital stays. The seasonal pattern of hospitalizations and the distribution of hospitalizations across various subgroups were greatly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000This study describes and quantifies the importance of factoring in specific child demographics and seasonal variations in hospitalizations when devising preventive healthcare strategies such as the use of monoclonal antibody therapy and vaccines.","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Pain in a Seventeen-year-old Girl.","authors":"Joana Baptista de Lima, Bárbara Barros, Isabel Mota Pinheiro, José Paulo Souto, Marta Cerqueira Silva, Joana Pires Borges, Leonilde Machado, Joana Pereira, Joaquim Cunha","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":"48 12","pages":"606-608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Meningococcal Meningitis Revealing a Novel Form of Properdin Deficiency in a Previously Healthy 13-year-old Child.","authors":"Martina Bevacqua, P. Bastard, Yael Pinhas, M. Aubart, Charles-Joris Roux, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Jérémie F. Cohen","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000004397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000004397","url":null,"abstract":"A 13-year-old boy was admitted with severe meningococcal meningitis. Immunologic workup revealed a properdin deficiency, and genetic sequencing of CFP identified a novel, private and predicted pathogenic variant in exon 8. The patient received broad immunizations and penicillin prophylaxis. Children with invasive meningococcal disease should be tested for complement deficiency.","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140992564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Norovirus in the First 2 Years of Life in an Australian Community-based Birth Cohort.","authors":"Asmaa El-Heneidy,&nbsp;Keith Grimwood,&nbsp;Gabor Mihala,&nbsp;Stephen Lambert,&nbsp;Robert S Ware","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis across all age groups in Australia. We explored the epidemiology of symptomatic and asymptomatic norovirus infection and assessed risk factors and the related healthcare burden in Australian children during their first 2 years of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in the Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases birth cohort provided weekly stool swabs, daily gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting and loose stools) observations and healthcare data. Swabs were batch-tested for norovirus genogroups (GI and GII) using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 158 children returned 11,124 swabs. There were 221 infection episodes, of which 183 (82.8%) were GII. The incidence rate was 0.90 infections per child-year [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-1.09]. The symptomatic infection incidence rate was 0.39 per child-year (95% CI: 0.31-0.48), peaking between ages 6 and 11 months [0.58 (95% CI: 0.41-0.81)]. Incidence increased significantly with age and childcare attendance. Of 209 episodes with symptom diary data, 82 (39.2%) were symptomatic; of these 70 (85.4%) were associated with vomiting and 29 (35.4%) with diarrhea. Forty-one percent of symptomatic episodes required healthcare, including 4 emergency department presentations and 1 hospitalization. Children with initial infections had almost twice the risk of seeking primary healthcare compared to subsequent infections (adjusted risk ratio 1.92; 95% CI: 1.01-3.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Norovirus infections, particularly GII, are common in Australian children 6-23 months of age. Estimates of norovirus incidence, including symptomatic infections and healthcare utilization in community settings in young children, are crucial for planning norovirus vaccine programs and determining vaccine effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"878-884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33500272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Bronchiolitis Incidence During the Last Two Decades in Tampere, Finland: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Tytti Vihikangas,&nbsp;Sauli Palmu,&nbsp;Anna-Maija Koivisto,&nbsp;Paula Heikkilä","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bronchiolitis, a lower respiratory tract infection, causes a remarkable number of hospitalizations globally. The epidemiology follows the same pattern as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common pathogen in bronchiolitis. Epidemics have typically followed a biannual pattern in Nordic countries-first, a small epidemic during spring, followed by a higher peak the next autumn. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalization has changed during the last 2 decades in Tampere, Finland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective register-based study, data on infants &lt;12 months of age hospitalized with bronchiolitis in 2000-2019 were collected from electronic files of Tampere University Hospital and analyzed by monthly incidences. Additionally, data on RSV incidences were collected from the Finnish National Infectious Diseases Register for children &lt;5 years of age and living in the study area. Poisson's regression analysis was used to evaluate changes in the incidence rates of bronchiolitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1481 infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis, 82.0% had a diagnosis of RSV bronchiolitis. At first, bronchiolitis' epidemiological pattern followed its typical biannual pattern, then shifted to annual in the middle of the study period, and thereafter occurred biannually again. The highest incidence rate ratios compared to the low-incidence months were between December (22.5), January (25.8) and February (25.5) in 2000-2006, and between February (24.7), March (25.1) and April (21.0) in 2007-2019.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The epidemiological pattern of bronchiolitis changed during the study period; incidence peaks were higher and have shifted toward spring in recent years.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"867-871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40649025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occult Presentation of Infective Endocarditis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.","authors":"Jacquelyn I Dolan,&nbsp;Frank A Pigula,&nbsp;Jason P Turner,&nbsp;Stefani M Samples,&nbsp;Timothy W Pettitt,&nbsp;Nicolas M Chanes,&nbsp;Kurt D Piggott","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e500-e501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40690177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diphtheria in Western Uttar Pradesh: A Re-emerging Threat.","authors":"Astitva Singh,&nbsp;Rajniti Prasad,&nbsp;Indra Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Prachi Agarwal,&nbsp;Gemini,&nbsp;Nishant Sharma","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003673","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e499-e500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40357805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Containment Strategies and Meningococcal Conjugate ACWY Vaccination on Meningococcal Carriage in Adolescents.","authors":"Mark McMillan,&nbsp;Jana Bednarz,&nbsp;Lex E X Leong,&nbsp;Andrew Lawrence,&nbsp;Helen S Marshall","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine if COVID-19 containment strategies were associated with reduced pharyngeal carriage of meningococci in adolescents. Also, to observe if carriage prevalence of meningococcal A, C, W and Y differed in meningococcal conjugate ACWY vaccinated and unvaccinated adolescents.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Repeat cross-sectional study of pharyngeal carriage.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>In 2020, recruitment commenced from February to March (pre-COVID-19) and recommenced from August to September (during COVID-19 measures) in South Australia.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Eligible participants were between 17 and 25 years of age and completed secondary school in South Australia in 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1338 school leavers were enrolled in 2020, with a mean age of 18.6 years (standard deviation 0.6). Pharyngeal carriage of disease-associated meningococci was higher during the COVID-19 period compared with the pre-COVID-19 period (41/600 [6.83%] vs. 27/738 [3.66%]; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.03; 95% CI: 1.22-3.39; P = 0.01). Nongroupable carriage decreased during COVID period (1.67% vs. 3.79%; aOR, 0.45; 95% CI: 0.22-0.95). Pharyngeal carriage of groups A, C, W and Y was similar among school leavers vaccinated with meningococcal conjugate ACWY (7/257 [2.72%]) compared with those unvaccinated (29/1081 [2.68%]; aOR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.37-2.02; P = 0.73). Clonal complex 41/44 predominated in both periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Meningococcal carriage prevalence was not impacted by public health strategies to reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and is unlikely to be the mechanism for lower meningococcal disease incidence. As international travel resumes and influenza recirculates, clinicians must remain vigilant for signs and symptoms of meningococcal disease. Vaccinating people at the highest risk of invasive meningococcal disease remains crucial despite containment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e468-e474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9555590/pdf/inf-41-e468.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40566685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Extensive Central Nervous System Cladophialophora bantiana Infection in a 9-Year-Old Child.","authors":"Juri Boguniewicz,&nbsp;Gail J Demmler-Harrison,&nbsp;Timothy E Lotze,&nbsp;Imad T Jarjour,&nbsp;William E Whitehead,&nbsp;Jessica Frontiero,&nbsp;Ankhi Dutta,&nbsp;Thomas Fogarty,&nbsp;Jill V Hunter,&nbsp;Oluwaseun B Ogunbona,&nbsp;Aishwarya V Pareek,&nbsp;Lindsay H Cameron","doi":"10.1097/INF.0000000000003680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) phaeohyphomycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection associated with high mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe a child with progressive neurologic symptoms whose ultimate diagnosis was Cladophialophora bantiana -associated CNS phaeohyphomycosis. We discuss her clinical presentation, medical and surgical management and review the current literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 9-year-old female presented with acute onset of headaches, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia. Initial infectious work-up was negative, including serial fungal cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Over 2 months, she experienced progressive cognitive and motor declines, and imaging revealed worsening meningitis, ventriculitis and cerebritis. Ultimately, Cladophialophora was detected by plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Fourth ventricle fluid sampling confirmed the diagnosis of C. bantiana infection. Given the extent of her disease, complete surgical resection was not feasible. She required multiple surgical debridement procedures and prolonged antifungal therapy, including the instillation of intraventricular amphotericin B. With aggressive surgical and medical management, despite her continued neurologic deficits, she remains alive 3 years after her initial diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is one of a few published pediatric cases of CNS phaeohyphomycosis and the first with the causative pathogen identified by plasma mNGS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CNS phaeohyphomycosis is a serious, life-threatening infection. The preferred management includes a combination of surgical resection and antifungal therapy. In cases complicated by refractory ventriculitis, intraventricular antifungal therapy can be considered as adjuvant therapy. Direct sampling of the CNS for pathogen identification and susceptibility testing is the gold standard for diagnosis; however, the use of plasma mNGS may expedite the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":118937,"journal":{"name":"The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e481-e486"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40356802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}