{"title":"Capitalism and Capitalist State","authors":"Alex, G. Er","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"Capitalism, as a mode of production, is an economic system of manufacture and exchange which is geared toward the production and sale of commodities within a market for profit, where the manufacture of commodities consists of the use of the formally free labor of workers in exchange for a wage to create commodities in which the manufacturer extracts surplus value from the labor of the workers in terms of the difference between the wages paid to the worker and the value of the commodity produced by him/her to generate that profit [1].","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115258375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Instability in Afghanistan: Implications for Pakistan","authors":"I. Mohammad","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000213","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of foreign policy, Afghanistan is the most important determinant for the policy makers in Pakistan. Since its formation in 1947, Pakistan’s relations with Afghanistan have not been cordial. In the aftermath of 9/11, this country has become a flash point of clashing interests among different powers. Due to the Indian involvement in the country, the western borders between Pakistan and Afghanistan have become very insecure. Pakistan has always been a victim of the instability in Afghanistan. In this study an effort is made to evaluate the impacts of instability in Afghanistan on Pakistan. Also it aims at sorting out factors and policy goals of actors involved in the war on terror in Afghanistan. A historical and analytical research effort has been made to bring about the real facts and the prospects of the issue.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115835445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Historical Analysis of the Economic Effect of Drought on Tropical ForestManagement in Northern Nigeria","authors":"Nwokocha Chibueze","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined the historical analysis of the economic effect of drought on tropical forest management in Northern Nigeria, causes and effect of drought and recommended solutions to curb the menace of drought in the affected regions in Northern Nigeria. Literatures on concept of drought, causes, effect and tropical forest management in Nigeria were discussed. The adopted a historical review of literatures using secondary data such as internet articles, textbooks, journals and magazines to conduct the research through qualitative study approach. The study finding reveals that the causes of drought were identified as the changing weather patterns, uncontrolled buildup of heat on the earth’s surface, meteorological changes which result in a reduction of rainfall, and reduced cloud cover, all of which results in greater evaporation rates and reasons for drought harming Northern Nigerian were identified thus: widespread poverty, poor infrastructure, heavy disease burdens, high dependence on and unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, and conflicts. The study therefore recommends that government should support the rural farmers through the initiation of programs or policies that monitors reduction in post-harvest crop losses, weather forecast, storage of excess production and livestock management and forest management research centers should be established in institutions in the region where drought is experience","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115921281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Attitude of Agents towards the Services of General Insurance CorporationSubsidiary Companies in Madurai, Tamilnadu â A Study","authors":"N. Selvaraj","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"General Insurance Corporation was given the status of a company in 1972 and it commenced its business on the 1st of January of 1973. The Government of India subscribed to the capital of GIC. The organization today is on the point of opening up of new vistas, striving and straining to reach new heights and is surging ahead in quest of excellence. For the economic growth of the country, insurance provides a strong base and mind, protection against loss of property and adequate capital to produce more wealth. Insurance agent being an individual who receives or agrees to receive payment by way of commission or other remuneration in consideration of his soliciting or procuring insurance business including business relating to the continuance, renewal or revival of policies of insurance. In the present study the researcher has made an emphasis on the role of agents and problems faced by them of general insurance companies. The agency service is a vital organ of marketing of general insurance policies. The agents are the heart of the General Insurance Corporation. In the present study, the researcher has identified 18 variables and an attempt has been made to find out the factors influencing the agents in utilizing the four general insurance companies namely, NIAC, OIC, NIC and VIIC. The principal competent method of factor analysis has been employed to study the pattern of mutual inter-dependence among those variables using Kaiser’s Varimax Criterion.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"47 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114022772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Capacity of Bangladeshi Urban Local Self-GovernmentInstitution in Policy Adoption: Politics of Central-Local Relations","authors":"H. Mohammad","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh has been experiencing a major political transformation since the re-establishment of democracy in 1990. This democratic environment significantly affected the autonomy and capacity of local government units in policy adoption. In Bangladesh, urban local self-government units are identified as poorly governed while their capacity in policy adoption is significantly compromised. As part of the central government, these units have a constitutional guarantee in demonstrating their existence with autonomy and efficiency. Meeting the challenge of establishing local democracy is a constitutional obligation for local self-government representatives and people. In urban areas, the increased influence of central government and the compounding effects of inefficiency and dependency of local self-government units mean that they are in need of adequate administrative autonomy and capacity. This study aimed to explore the factors and issues that impact on policy adoption process at urban local self-government institutions. This exploratory-descriptive research used a mixed method framework to achieve calculative findings with qualitative data support. Central government’s control over financial regulations and a range of political and administrative practices are identified in decreasing administrative capacity of the urban local selfgovernment institutions in Bangladesh. Though it was assumed that the re-establishment of national democracy may have resulted in an autonomous local self-government system, this has not been transformed. Thus, the identified findings have implications in capacity building of urban local self-government institutions in relation to their policy adoption and application.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132525645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing Good Governance and Decentralization in Developing Countries","authors":"M. Nadeem","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an analysis of the strategies of the neo-liberal economic paradigm operating through good governance and decentralization programs emanating from the global centers of power. The strategies of neo-liberalism can be found in the narrative of participation, empowerment, and civil society. It is argued that these narratives act as depoliticizing discourse. While it is true that developing countries have been integrated into a global capitalist order the logic of capitalism has still to gain ground and be fully embedded in the less-developed world. Owing to the fact that these developing societies are still run on the bases of hybrid economic systems (a mix of tribal, agrarian and capitalist systems) and practices, and the fact that the spread of capitalism around the world does not provide equal opportunities to all, the result is that these countries present a significantly distorted picture of good governance and decentralization.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122804548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Global Health Networks","authors":"Johansson Bw","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"Made out of nine studies, the supplement offers experiences on the development, viability, and authenticity of worldwide wellbeing systems tending to infant survival, maternal survival, pneumonia, tuberculosis, tobacco control, and liquor misuse. The studies analyze why some worldwide wellbeing conditions and difficulties pull in more prominent approach consideration and assets than others, in spite of similar seriousness. As per Shiffman, worldwide wellbeing systems do make a difference, especially to shape the way issues and arrangements are comprehended, and for persuading governments, universal associations and other worldwide performers to address the issue.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122387001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why did Turkey Become a Part of Sa'dabad Pact?","authors":"Onur Ay","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"Turkey was governed under the idea of “peace at home, peace in the world.” after establishment of Republic. This was a realist idea on the foreign policy because Turkey was not able to act aggressive to be more prestigious state in the eyes of Western powers. Realpolitik was successfully implemented by founders of Turkey in these years. Turkey wanted to integrate international system as an equal and independent actor. In the circumstances, the best way for integration was becoming a part of international organization as a necessity of Realpolitik. That research will include two parts which are relations with member states of the Pact from establishment of Republic to signing the Pact and necessities of the Pact for Turkey.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"419 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124207435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Right to Information Act in India(An Overview)","authors":"M. Gopi","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"The Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI) is doubtless a milestone in the deliberate route taken by the country for setting up bedrock foundation for democratic institutions and impart depth to public responsive functioning of the Government and its various agencies. It is a significant tool to ensure transparency in most of the operations of the Government. Its proper implementation will ensure good governance and eliminate corruption and thereby move up the ranking of the country in the index of honesty in the governmental and institutional operations. Right to Information means the freedom of people to have access to government information. It implies that the citizens and non-governmental organizations should enjoy a reasonable free access to all files and documents pertaining to the governmental operations, decisions, and performance. In other words, it means openness and transparency in the functioning of government. Thus, it is antithetical to secrecy in public administration. According to the Woodrow Wilson, “I for one have the conviction that government ought to be all outside and not inside. I, for my part, believe that there ought to be no place where everything can be done that everyone does not know about. Everyone knows corruption thrives in secret places and avoids public places.” The aim of this article is explain about the importance of Right to Information Act in India and explain about the provisions about this Act.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129074537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gun Control in the United States","authors":"Victor H","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"Guns in the United States are viewed as a sacred emblem to its independence from Great Britain. Recent mass shootings have reignited the gun-control/rights debate in the US. Gun violence can be described as the use of firearms to cause terror through harm or death to an individual or groups of people. It has claimed many innocent peoples’ lives thus resulting in national tragedies in the U.S. The main issue lies in the ownership and issuances of unlicensed guns. Some argue that in order for the crime rates due to gun violence to decline, the U.S. government needs to directly control the distribution of guns. The 2nd amendment of the U.S. Constitution states that,“A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed” (U.S. Const. Am. 2). Those who read the Constitution with a loose interpretation believe that gun control is not unconstitutional, however, those who read the Constitution with a strict interpretation believe that gun control would prohibit people from excercising their 2nd amendment right to keep and bear arms. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the scholarship on gun control by examining public opinion polls in the U.S., the ideological divide between advocates for gun control and gun rights, race and racial attitudes, self-interest theory, contemporary mass shootings and the future of gun control.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116424103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}