Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs最新文献

{"title":"Political Polarization and Democratic Process in Taiwan: Implications for Cross-strait Relations","authors":"Ghazali Bello Abubakar","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"The outcomes of the Chinese civil war coupled with other coincident occurrences were among the key factors and forces that led the Nationalist party retreat to Taiwan branching out from the communist government in the mainland China. In the post-Martial law Taiwan, political divisions, which started flourishing in 1986, paved the way for internal political struggles outside the KMT for the first time in Taiwan political history. Polarization has steadily become cogent, and one of the ambitious tasks to the yet Taiwan’s growing democracy. Taiwanese domestic politics is determined by multiple vicissitudes including cross-Strait relations. Alternatively, different groups adhere to political viewpoints favoring either unification, independent and/or status quo. As per the theory, these motions have to deal with foreign policy of the island directly, simply because trades and investments alongside diplomatic ties can be determined not only by the group or individual decision making, but also by the domestic population as well.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132964864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analysis of Tourism Policies by Different Governments and their Potential Implementation in North Cyprus Economy","authors":"E. Ismet, M. Abuhjeeleh","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000221","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at exploring the tourism policies that were formulated by successive governments since 1974 up to now in order to evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, effectiveness and their potential applicability in the Republic of North Cyprus (TRNC); by focusing on studying of major factors that influencing the formulation of these policies and other factors struggle their implementation in TRNC. For this goal, the researchers conduct an analytical appraisal for the different tourism policies in TRNC through an experimental approach in order to come up with profound understanding of their features and nature. To achieve the latter purpose; this research is based on two approaches; sampling procedure using the questionnaire as a tool to collect data, as well as, in-depth readings of the pertinent literature. Accordingly, this purpose achieved by means of gathering data from different stakeholders in tourism industry such as; directors of tourism business, stakeholders in both sectors (public, private), the presidents of pertinent tourism associations, managers of travel agents, restaurants, hotels and all other people engaged in a related business to tourism. Furthermore, a comparative and historical approach was conducted to develop in-depth understanding of tourism policies in this country. Therefore, the main findings in this research were; the way tourism policies were formulated was the most effective factor when formulating tourism policies, and unfortunately, there are many obstacles that hindered the successful implementation of tourism polices in North Cyprus where the political non-recognition appears as the most effective obstacle to achieve successful implementation of these policies.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123298356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Elections as an Element of Democracy","authors":"Khalil Zadeh Fuad Afgan","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000220","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines electoral systems in relation to democratic theory; and it links the study of electoral systems to that of voting systems. It compares elections in various other kinds of systems, and it looks at the differences between Azerbaijan experience and that of other countries. The article tries to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The literature regarding the formation of party systems in different transition societies, reflects that establishment of institutionalized party system where competing parties exist is an extended process and needs a long time. Also, this study accounts for different electoral system in terms of political modernization and democratic transformation. All these problems have been analyzed from both a comparative and a theoretical stand point. Today, to attain a healthy and stable political structure is one of the main problems of political science. As a result, political parties and political elections are indispensable elements of democracy.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122921958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor s Note on Journal of Political Science and Public Affairs (Volume4 Issue 3)","authors":"James A. Mitchell","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000E113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000E113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"18 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of NRA on the American Policy","authors":"S. Musa","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000222","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to examine to what extent the National Rifle Association (NRA) has an impact on federal and state policies in the United States of America. The study examined the NRA’s political activities within the last 10 years. The political activities include lobbying methods, campaign spending, maintenance plans, and bills lobbied at legislative, executive, and judicial levels. The NRA was founded over 144 years. The NRA’s mission is to promote public safety, train members of law enforcement agencies, adopt and encourage the shooting sports, and to promote hunter safety. The research results showed that the NRA operates at over $250 million a year, and most of the money is spent on ads, lobbying, and Political Action Committees. The research concluded that the primary source of power for the NRA is its 5 million dedicated members. The NRA’s members are engaged in the political arena and feel passionate about their gun rights. The NRA has also a strong access to policy makers; they have hired former legislators and government officials, since they can use their friendships and personal connections to gain access to policy makers. The NRA is a powerful organization and has influenced the outcome of state, local, and national elections; however, their power has a limit, as they are still abided by the laws.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122230686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Civilization of Fear","authors":"Alex, G. Er","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000219","url":null,"abstract":"All those who live on milk lack the experience to talk about what is right. They are still babies. However, solid food is for mature people, whose minds are trained by practice to know the difference between good and evil. Hebrews 5:13-14 GOD’S WORD For ages philosophers wonder about the fundamental difference between a human being and an animal. In another words, how rational creatures differ from nonrational? “I am able to think, so I'm a rational creature; an animal is unable to think, so it is a nonrational creature”, a person can exclaim proudly. Of course, no arguing about that. Not to mention that human being is able to speak, too. Yet, sometimes human beings act as if they are completely non-rational. Oh yes, it happens. Great Nikola Tesla said: “Man, like the universe, is a machine”. And program failures occur to the machines doesn’t them? So, how a rational creature i.e. Homo sapiens, differs from a non-rational creature? It is an existence of the second signaling system. What is this feature, which turns us into intelligent animals? Second signaling system is the unique form of higher nervous activity peculiar to human beings; a system of speech signals (pronounceable, audible and visible).","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133750777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Anyone Listening? The Politicization of the Judiciary and the Loss of Authority: An Initial Assessment","authors":"Y. Peter, H. Gregory","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000217","url":null,"abstract":"Our study initiates an effort to determine if the recent politicization of the U.S. Supreme Court had meant its opinions have less impact on the lower courts who are expected to follow its direction and on the impacted parties upon which its ruling are applied. It is our contention that the court has become increasingly politicized and this politicization has reduced the Courts influence in lower courts and affected parties. We begin our study with the examination of how a recent Supreme Court opinion, Fisher v. Univ. of Texas (570 U.S., 2013) has been applied in the lower and appellate federal courts. This opinion strengthened the application of strict scrutiny in affirmative action cases. It was a wellpublicized opinion and its directives were clearly stated in Justice Kennedy’s majority opinion. It called on courts to apply a ‘strong’ version of strict scrutiny not only to the objectives being sought but also to the means being utilized. Our initial examination of the diffusion of this precedent shows no influence on lower or appellate courts. But the opinions of the Court are not for the judiciary alone. Our second examination involves how affected parties are reacting to the dictates of the Court. Staying with Fisher, we conducted a survey of public university admission staffs to determine if they have adjusted their admissions processes in response to the Court. We were surprised to discover no reaction. It is clear, the message of Fisher has been lost. We conclude with a brief discussion of where this leaves the Court. Of the three branches of government, the American public has traditionally held the judiciary in the highest esteem. Unlike the two ‘political’ branches, Americans, even if they disagree with the Court, have respected its authority to render decisions that overturn a properly elected legislature or a executive operating under his official authority. But what if this were not the case? Instead, what if the American public and the officials in government viewed the Court as a third ‘political’ branch? Our research begins with an assumption: the judiciary, in general, and the U.S. Supreme Court, in specific, is undergoing a politicization process that has not been witnessed since at least the Court Packing Era of the 1930s. By politicization, we mean that the Court, in perception or reality, is basing its judgments not solely on the facts before the Court and the objective application of the law but instead ideological or partisan influence is having a significant impact on the rulings of the Court, irrespective of the facts or the law. This is a highly controversial assumption but we accept this as a given. In this work, instead of demonstrating the veracity of his assumption, our focus is on how such a politicization impacts both the diffusion of Court precedent throughout the judicial branch and also whether the politicization of the Court lessons its ability to influence the behavior of impacted parties within society. We b","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131885087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EditorâÂÂs Note","authors":"James A. Mitchell","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000e112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000e112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122881509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATH (People Assessing Their Health) Process and Deliberative Opinion Poll for Public Scoping in Health Impact Assessment","authors":"S. Kotamas","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"In this literature review to compare the process to develop a suitable process for public scoping in health impact assessment, which found that the PATH and the Deliberative Opinion Poll are suitable to be developed for use by the public scoping process. The PATH is a process-oriented quality data. It helps to understand the community context deeply, the relationship between cultural traditions, community resources and valuable resource comments on the project and concerns on the impact that will affect your health. In the process of deliberative opinion poll is a process that allows for the acquisition of quantitative data to support qualitative data. Remember, making a clear picture even further. The data values and the benefits of resource comments on the project awareness, understanding of the project and Issue concerns the potential impact on the community. So these two processes are suitable for use in public scoping process.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127583611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECOWAS and Women Representation in West Africa","authors":"Obamamoye Bf","doi":"10.4172/2332-0761.1000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0761.1000215","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to the assertion regarding general exponential increase in women’s political representation in Africa, alarming political marginalization of women in West African sub-region continues, where women manage to occupy marginal percentage of the elected parliamentarians and subsequently maintain relative inarticulacy in the decision-making process of their respective states. This article therefore examines ECOWAS as potential norm entrepreneur within the context of women representation in parliaments in West Africa. It further interrogates rationales propelling argument for women adequate representation, presents situational analysis of women’s under-representation in West Africa, and argues for indispensable role which ECOWAS could play in augmenting the presence of women in national parliaments. It concludes that in spite of the enormous domestic challenges confronting women’s representation, ECOWAS within the confines of normative actor, has a needed responsibility that could contribute to gradual overhaul of the hitherto high under-representation of women in the parliaments.","PeriodicalId":118558,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Political Sciences & Public Affairs","volume":"85 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132480505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}