{"title":"¿Quiénes son los trigueños? Análisis de una categoría racial intersticial (1810-1830).","authors":"F. Guzmán","doi":"10.34096/mace.v29i1.8614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v29i1.8614","url":null,"abstract":"El término trigueño es una categoría intersticial y ambigua con la que fue clasificado un importante porcentaje de soldados y reclutas de condición libre a partir de 1810. Esta investigación tiene un doble propósito. Por un lado, examinar el contenido histórico de la expresión trigueño a través de las fichas de filiación relativas a los reclutas militarizados entre 1810-1830, articulando la dimensión racial con otras variables como la procedencia, el modo de vida y la instrucción; por el otro, enfatizar la posibilidad mestiza que asume esta expresión, pues matiza la idea del traslado estadístico de la población africana a esta categoría y remite invariablemente al estudio del mestizaje colonial y de las categorías raciales de la hibridez. El dialogo entre corpus documentales del temprano republicanismo posibilita una mayor comprensión de las lógicas de clasificación en tanto éstas revelan -o son indicios de- las políticas que crearon esos instrumentos y también quienes las produjeron.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121050386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reseña de: Crónicas y relaciones sobre el antiguo Tucumán Siglo XVI: Córdoba, La Rioja, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Catamarca, Salta, Jujuy: documentos y estudios críticos, de Eduardo Berberián y Beatriz Bixio (2017).","authors":"Maria Inés Huespe Tomá","doi":"10.34096/mace.v29i1.9922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v29i1.9922","url":null,"abstract":"La obra de Eduardo Berberián y Beatriz Bixio es un valioso aporte a los estudios sobre la conformación del Tucumán colonial. El objetivo es realizar una compilación de los segmentos más representativos de las crónicas, los informes oficiales y las relaciones de distinto orden relativas al descubrimiento y primeras fundaciones en el Tucumán en el siglo XVI. La intención de los autores es facilitar a los investigadores documentos de escasa accesibilidad o cuyas publicaciones están agotadas. Estos registros del pasado ofrecen información sobre los proyectos de conquista y colonización, los territorios, los grupos indígenas y los variados actores que poblaron las fronteras en esta región.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121440951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nombres y rótulos étnicos en la región pampeana durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVII","authors":"Sabrina Vollweiler","doi":"10.34096/mace.v28i1.8383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v28i1.8383","url":null,"abstract":"Los pueblos originarios que habitaban la región pampeana de la actual Argentina durante la colonia fueron descritos por religiosos, funcionarios de la corona española, vecinos y encomenderos, entre otros. En base a sus propias cosmovisiones e intereses, esos agentes coloniales registraron diversos aspectos de los grupos indígenas que habitaron entre el sur de la ciudad de Córdoba y las cercanías de Buenos Aires en las últimas décadas del siglo XVII. En este trabajo nos centramos en los territorios habitados por los grupos indígenas y en los desplazamientos -voluntarios y forzados- por ellos realizados con el objetivo de analizar a qué caciques y grupos hacen referencias los rótulos de “pampas” y “serranos”.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132166811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mitologías soberanas: tierras indígenas y construcción de la propiedad privada en Mendoza a fines del siglo XIX","authors":"D. Escolar","doi":"10.34096/mace.v28i1.8384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v28i1.8384","url":null,"abstract":"Hasta hace poco, el único caso conocido de una merced real esgrimida por una comunidad indígena para defender sus derechos de tierras era el de Amaicha, en Tucumán. En este artículo abordaré los conflictos en torno a la merced real del cacique Sayanca de las Lagunas de Guanacache, en el norte de Mendoza. Analizaré un momento clave: el escándalo político producido entre fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX por la reivindicación de la merced sobre un cuarto del territorio de la provincia por el abogado francés, Jules Watteau. El caso muestra que en la Argentina “criolla”, poblaciones indígenas supuestamente extinguidas pudieron persistir en la ocupación de parte de sus territorios ancestrales adaptándose al proceso colonial en fechas más tardías que las tradicionalmente aceptadas. Además sugiere que el proceso de constitución de la propiedad privada en la provincia produjo antecedentes de reconocimiento de la propiedad indígena en tiempos republicanos, lo cual vició de legitimidad y legalidad su reapropiación posterior.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132513724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La visita de Luján de Vargas a Catamarca. Tierra, tributo y servicio personal (1693)","authors":"Santiago Conti","doi":"10.34096/mace.v28i1.8386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v28i1.8386","url":null,"abstract":"Entre 1692 y 1694 Luján de Vargas realizó una visita a la gobernación del Tucumán con el objeto de desagraviar a los indios encomendados y renovar la aplicación de las ordenanzas de Alfaro. Nos proponemos indagar acerca de cuáles eran las características particulares de la jurisdicción de Catamarca que la diferenciaban del resto de la gobernación. No se trata de un estudio comparativo, sino de caso. Consideramos que estas particularidades están directamente relacionadas con la singular dinámica de conquista que tuvo la jurisdicción, pues otorgó a los feudatarios una amplia libertad para evadir las ordenanzas de Alfaro y ofreció a los indígenas menores posibilidades de adaptación al sistema colonial. Esto dio lugar a la aparición de una forma de encomienda doméstica y a la debilidad de los pueblos de indios. Aquí analizamos las características del sector encomendero, las particularidades del servicio personal en Catamarca y las formas de acceso indígena a la tierra.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121440137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 70 años de la Convención para la Prevención y la Sanción del delito de Genocidio (CONUG): actualización del debate en torno al genocidio de los pueblos indígenas","authors":"D. Lenton","doi":"10.34096/mace.v27i2.7362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v27i2.7362","url":null,"abstract":"El 70o aniversario de la Convención para la Prevención y la Sanción del delito de Genocidio (CONUG), votada unánimemente1 en la Asamblea General de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) el 9 de diciembre de 1948, inspiró la producción de este Dossier donde una serie de trabajos abordan diversos aspectos en torno al concepto de genocidio, su aplicabilidad al proceso de sometimiento de la población originaria en Argentina a fines del siglo XIX y sus consecuencias de largo plazo en las centurias siguientes.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132057449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptualizar y contextualizar las campañas contra los chiriguanaes del oriente de Tarija en el siglo XVI. ¿Violencia justa? ¿Etnocidio? ¿Genocidio?","authors":"L. G. Oliveto","doi":"10.34096/mace.v27i2.7367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v27i2.7367","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reflects on the expansion campaigns carried out by the first European settlers in the late 16th century from the border village of Tarija -in southeast Bolivia- eastwards, focusing on the physical violence carried out against the Chiriguanaes who occupied those territories. The declarations of participants of these campaigns, and other indirect testimonies, invite us to rethink the appropriate theoretical tools for analyzing cases where violence and cruelty seemingly greet and naturalize each other, as part of a broader process containing and legitimizing abuses. Additionally, this paper provides a historiographical overview of this issue, confronting the idea of inevitability of this type of historical event. Finally, we suggest considering the violence that characterized the Castilian expansion in the borders of colonial Charcas as genocidal social practices.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132725815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La Conquista del desierto y los estudios sobre genocidio. Recorridos, preguntas y debates","authors":"Pilar Pérez","doi":"10.34096/mace.v27i2.7364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v27i2.7364","url":null,"abstract":"Genocide Studies have grown notably in the last quarter of a century on an international level. The concept, usually linked to Nazism, has crossed the borders to propose itself over other historical processes allowing to studying their potentials and limits. Moreover, its use at judicial and colloquial levels leads to investigate both, legal and socio-political meanings. In this paper we think about the indigenous genocide and the Conquest of the desert, in particular, focusing on certain questions the studies on genocide have asked. First, we return to the analysis of the Conquest in light of the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and its implications, and second we take into account the social and human sciences conceptualization of genocide. Finally the historical and historiographical debates, provocations and social effects produced by the application of the term genocide to the Conquest are considered.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134113070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Después del genocidio. Registros y memorias territorializadas en Pulmarí, Neuquén","authors":"Alexis Papazian","doi":"10.34096/mace.v27i2.7366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v27i2.7366","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes a process of (de)territorialization in Neuquen province, Argentina, in the context of the genocide perpetrated against Mapuche people during late 19th century. We aim to observe the territorial movements that occurred after the military conquest over the Patagonia region by tracing the dispossession the Mapuche people suffered within the National Park during the 1950s. The objectives are to rethink about post-genocide practices enabled by the violence of military conquest in the 19th century; to analyze the role of the territory as key element in the constitution of both the State and the Mapuche identity; and to analyze the social memories referring to the Mapuche territory in relation to indigenous resistance. We will examine records, edited reports and population files produced by the National Parks State Agency, as well as the social memory based on testimonies of settlers and Mapuche families that live in Alumine department nowadays.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116640896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La continuación de la guerra por otros medios. Pulares y calchaquíes en minas de plata del siglo XVII. Nevado de Acay, Salta, Argentina","authors":"Pablo Mignone","doi":"10.34096/mace.v27i2.7370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34096/mace.v27i2.7370","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the mining activities at the Nevado de Acay (Salta, Argentina) between 1655 and 1658. The study is of interest because it shows the employment of the mining mita, activity explicitly forbidden at the time. We also analyze the elevation of the Acay to mining district and its owner to the position of Mayor of Mines. The origin of the mitayos is of interest because they came from encomiendas of the valleys of Calchaqui and Lerma. The rebellious outbreak that destroyed the mining facilities in 1658 came from one of these towns of reduction as well, showing that the Calchaqui/Pular dichotomization corresponded to the political situation created by the Spanish domination. For the future, we propose an interdisciplinary approach -between archeology and history- in order to understand the social processes undergone by these groups, with two fundamental milestones such as the Inca and the Spanish conquests.","PeriodicalId":118537,"journal":{"name":"Memoria Americana. Cuadernos de Etnohistoria","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126112686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}