A. Gohari, S. Saeidnia, A. Shahverdi, N. Yassa, M. Malmir, Kamyar Mollazade, A. Naghinejad
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS OF HYMENOCRATER CALYCINUS","authors":"A. Gohari, S. Saeidnia, A. Shahverdi, N. Yassa, M. Malmir, Kamyar Mollazade, A. Naghinejad","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.9","url":null,"abstract":"The genus, Hymenocrater, belongs to the plant family Lamiaceae which contains eleven shrub species, of which H. calycinus belonges and grows wildly in Northeastern Iran. From the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the flowered aerial parts of Hymenocrater calycinus, four compounds were isolated using chromatographic methods and identified by spectroscopic data (MS, 1 H- and 13 C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC and 1 H- 1 H COSY). The effect of rosmarinic acid, as the main component in our study was applied to Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by the broth dilution method. Isolated compounds were identified as s-sitosterol (1), ursolic acid (2), rosmarinic acid (3) and quercetin-3-O- rutinoside (4). The results of our assay against bacteria and fungi show that, rosmarinic acid has an antifungal property against Candida albicans (MIC, 250 μg mL -1 ).","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"64-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70597402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Yoon, Y. Ham, Sang-Suk Kim, B. Yoo, J. Moon, J. Baik, N. Lee, C. Hyun
{"title":"Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 expression by brown algae Sargassum micracanthum in RAW 264.7 macrophages","authors":"W. Yoon, Y. Ham, Sang-Suk Kim, B. Yoo, J. Moon, J. Baik, N. Lee, C. Hyun","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.17","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its beneficial role in host defense mechanisms, excessive nitric oxide (NO) production by activated macrophages has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. To clarify the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activities of Sargassum micracanthum, we evaluated whether extracts of S. micracanthum could modulate the production of NO by activated macrophages. S. micracanthum were extracted with 80% EtOH. The extract was then successively partitioned with hexane, CH 2 Cl 2 , EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions of S. micracanthum extract were effective inhibitors of LPS-induced NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory effects of the hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions of S. micracanthum were accompanied by dosedependent decreases in the production of iNOS and COX-2 proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression. To test the inhibitory effects of S. micracanthum fractions on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA and RT-PCR assays for TNF- , IL-1s, and IL-6 in LPSstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. In these assays, the hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions of S. micracanthum produced dose-dependent decreases in the production and mRNA expression of TNF- , IL-1s, and IL-6. To test the potential application of S. micracanthum extract as a cosmetic material, we also performed MTT assays on human dermal fibroblast cells, as well as primary skin irritation tests. In these assays, S. micracanthum extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that S. micracanthum extracts may be considered potential anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"130-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2009.3.0.17","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70596999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}