World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.9
Daniel Punday
{"title":"Digital Writing","authors":"Daniel Punday","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"Through the framing concept of the ‘platform’, this chapter shows how digital texts frequently impose voluntary constraints upon themselves. Digital media distinguish between what Lev Manovich calls the database and interface. Print texts have only one interface on their fictional worlds, while in a digital work our encounter with that material is variable. Initially this distinction manifested itself in works like hypertext fiction that still functioned within a traditional literary framework of authorship. More recent work has, however, exploited text generated in other ways: through communal authorship, or through computational models, where texts are generated either out of a fixed body of material or in response to real-world events. Drawing on a wide range of contemporary examples, this chapter shows how the digital writer working within the boundaries of these self-imposed constraints resembles a curator or remix artist. He or she becomes an ‘author’ by arranging existing data in novel and meaningful ways.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122803658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.24
K. Leeder
{"title":"Translation","authors":"K. Leeder","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.24","url":null,"abstract":"‘We know we have to find the “voice” to write a poem. The voice, not of the author, but if anything, the voice of the poem.’ The esteemed Irish poet Paul Muldoon utters these words in conversation with the German poet, novelist, essayist, and publisher Michael Krüger. In line with its etymological roots, translation is frequently thought of as an act of ‘carrying’ a verbal construct ‘across’ linguistic boundaries, before setting it down in a new language. This is not what Muldoon and Krüger, accomplished translators both, argue for in their discussion of translation captured in this chapter, however. Instead, they urge us to consider that literature becomes multiply authored when it circulates in the world, and that translators, far from being mere shipping agents wrapping a poem in gauze, instead impose their presence upon the work.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129196613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.5040/9781509927265.ch-008
Zahida Hussain
{"title":"Readers","authors":"Zahida Hussain","doi":"10.5040/9781509927265.ch-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509927265.ch-008","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, Zahid Hussain, perhaps best known as the author of The Curry Mile, takes us on various journeys through the north of England, and to Pakistan, where he engages with a wide variety of people—schoolchildren, self-important academics, clueless audience members. The chapter explores how twenty-first-century authors interact with their audience in a wide variety of manners, only some of which are centred on the texts that brought them together in the first place. Hussain inverts the way we ordinarily think about the author–reader relationship. Readers may construct images of authors in order to fulfil personal or communal needs—the desire to be represented in the global literary sphere, for example. But, as Hussain shows through his multilayered autofictional chapter, in which successive encounters with ‘readers’ give rise to ever-new stories, authors just as vitally depend upon imagined constructions of their audience to sustain their creativity.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129296154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.19
S. Bassnett
{"title":"Popularity","authors":"S. Bassnett","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"Susan Bassnett shows in this chapter how the study of world literature has traditionally been dominated by a focus on ‘great’ authors, on the one hand, and avant-garde writers, on the other. Missing from this research programme is a corresponding emphasis on popular literature, and thus on those authors, such as Jack London or J. K. Rowling, who are actually read by massive amounts of people. The trouble with such an approach is that it blatantly disregards many of the most exciting dynamics by which authors reinvent the world. The chapter makes the case that, in thinking about those writers whose work becomes global, we need to broaden our horizon beyond the texts studied in schools and universities so as to take more seriously books once dismissed as what the Germans term Trivialliteratur.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114340319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.3
R. Braun
{"title":"Celebrity","authors":"R. Braun","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.3","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter shows how the methods and approaches of Celebrity Studies throw fresh light on what authors and literature can do in the world. In particular, the divide between elite and popular fiction turns out to be illusory once we start paying attention to the way authors and their works actually move around. Combining celebrity theory with a practical analysis of the networks sustaining literature allows us to examine afresh the ways and degrees to which authors accrue ‘attention capital’ and from which social groupings, and why. Working through examples taken from the early modern period to the present day, this chapter provides a model approach not only for seeing beyond the individual author to witness the complex networks of agents involved in the process of authorship—from editors to translators, agents, and readers, and so on—but also for placing the question of agency once again at the heart of that process.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133982121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1434-1_ch4
Michel Hockx
{"title":"Independence","authors":"Michel Hockx","doi":"10.1596/978-1-4648-1434-1_ch4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1434-1_ch4","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese literary field is conventionally divided into two overlapping and mutually sustaining spheres: the ‘official’ and the ‘unofficial’. The former refers to activities sponsored by the state-funded Writers Association and publications by state-owned publishing houses. The latter, sometimes misleadingly designated as ‘underground’, refers to privately funded activities by a self-appointed cultural elite that derives part of its identity from being at odds with the state, and these days also with the market. Since the arrival of the internet, some ‘unofficial’ literary activity has moved online. This chapter describes a fascinating, if extreme, example: the online literary journal Heilan (Black and Blue), run by a group of experimental fiction writers enamoured with the French nouveau roman. It found and explored a unique niche for its uncompromising literary ideas, keeping them alive for much longer than any other ‘unofficial’ group, virtually unnoticed by censors and critics alike.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123925740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.11
Gisèle Sapiro
{"title":"Festivals","authors":"Gisèle Sapiro","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.11","url":null,"abstract":"International literature festivals are a surprisingly big business. As Gisèle Sapiro points out in this chapter, there are now more than 450 such festivals in the English-speaking world alone, and some of them draw paying audiences in the hundreds of thousands. Unlike readings, which traditionally take place in independent bookshops or university auditoria, and which thus benefit from only modest publicity campaigns, literature festivals provide heavily promoted venues in which readers can meet their favourite authors (or at least see them from a distance). Their importance for the construction of world authorship is thus undeniable, even though they have received less critical attention than, for example, translators or global publishing houses. This chapter offers a sociological analysis of these festivals and demonstrates how they all too often perpetuate many of the well-known inequalities of the world literary system.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131815001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.4
A. Harrington
{"title":"Censorship","authors":"A. Harrington","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.4","url":null,"abstract":"Eastern Europe has been provocatively defined as ‘that part of the world where serious literature and those who produce it have traditionally been overvalued’ (Baruch Wachtel Remaining Relevant after Communism (2006)). This situation arose because of the particular modes of production and circulation of texts brought about by strict censorship and routine state interference in literary matters. This chapter illustrates how this shaped a model of the Russian writer as ‘conscience of the nation’ and opponent of tyranny. It then traces what happens to this model of authorship in the post-Soviet era in the face of different forms of censorship. Despite there no longer being official pre-publication censorship, legislation that limits freedom of expression has created the pervasive phenomenon of ‘self-censorship’ or ‘censorship readiness’ among authors and other agents in the literary field.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"33 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125711205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.22
Sridhara Aghalaya
{"title":"Representation","authors":"Sridhara Aghalaya","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"‘Representation’ is one of the most difficult and contentious terms in literary studies. The word refers both to the process by which an artwork depicts the world, and to the dynamic by which people obtain recognition within political systems. Closely related to the second of these definitions is yet a third that is much less commonly examined—namely, the process by which authors first catch the attention of powerful publishing consortia. In this chapter, the literary agent and publisher Sridhar Aghalaya outlines his primary mission, which is not the representation of his clients to publishing houses in the Western world, but rather the demolition of a conservative and caste-bound literary system within India itself.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131046146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World AuthorshipPub Date : 2020-09-10DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.15
Chidi Ukwu
{"title":"Media","authors":"Chidi Ukwu","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198819653.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"What role does media evolution play in our understanding of authorship? And how do we conceptualize new media authors? This chapter takes us to the production studios of Nollywood in Nigeria, which, because of its size, level of specialization, and, most importantly, the speed at which it operates, is perhaps best approached as an incubator that creates a hothouse atmosphere around artistic and social pressures—pressures that are also present in Western media centres. Emerging from this environment is the ‘super-producer’. In this formidable rival to the literary author, Ukwu detects a modern-day version of the griot, the traditional African storytellers who similarly earned acclaim through their ability to adapt and improvise stories, rather than by the process of ‘authoring’ them.","PeriodicalId":118453,"journal":{"name":"World Authorship","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125511488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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