Endocrinology最新文献

Thyroid hormone receptors approach their 40th birthday. 甲状腺激素受体接近40岁生日。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf094

Frédéric Flamant

引用次数: 0

The benefits of estradiol on cognitive aging in rats are independent from its effects on cardiometabolic health. 雌二醇对大鼠认知衰老的益处与其对心脏代谢健康的影响是独立的。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf097

Christian Montanari, Emma L Dong, Shruti Srinivasan, Ana Paula De Oliveira Leite, Alyssa F Delarge, Matthieu J Maroteaux, Lucie D Desmoulins, Riva Menon, Alice B Walker, Sarah H Lindsey, Andrea Zsombok, Jill M Daniel

{"title":"The benefits of estradiol on cognitive aging in rats are independent from its effects on cardiometabolic health.","authors":"Christian Montanari, Emma L Dong, Shruti Srinivasan, Ana Paula De Oliveira Leite, Alyssa F Delarge, Matthieu J Maroteaux, Lucie D Desmoulins, Riva Menon, Alice B Walker, Sarah H Lindsey, Andrea Zsombok, Jill M Daniel","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaf097","url":null,"abstract":"Research in preclinical models of menopause indicates that exogenously administered estrogens positively impact cognitive aging. However, clinical evidence indicates that the effects of estrogen therapy on cognition are inconsistent and may be modulated by pre-existing cardiometabolic conditions. The extent to which cardiometabolic health affects the cognitive outcomes of estrogen therapy remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether variations in cardiometabolic health, both prior to and resulting from different estradiol treatment regimens, are related to the ability of estradiol to improve the cognitive aging trajectory in ovariectomized Long-Evans rats. Cognitive function and health status were assessed at 10 months of age after which rats were ovariectomized and administered vehicle or various estradiol treatments. Rats were assessed again at 18 (middle age) and 22 (old age) months. Cognition was evaluated using a spatial memory radial-maze task. Health status was determined through body composition analysis (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), glucose tolerance testing, and blood pressure and heart rate measurements (tail-cuff plethysmography). Results demonstrated that both continuous ongoing estradiol treatment and a previous 40-day estradiol exposure (terminated long before testing) significantly improved the cognitive aging trajectory from middle to old age. However, only continuous estradiol treatment had positive impacts on health measures; previous estradiol treatment provided no benefits to aging cardiometabolic systems. In contrast, a delayed estradiol treatment (initiated months after ovariectomy) provided no benefits for cognition but provided health benefits. Results indicated that estradiol impacts on cognition in healthy aging rats are separate from and not secondary to its effects on cardiometabolic health.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blood-brain barrier integrity and transport of major hormones are unchanged in mice with euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. 正糖型高胰岛素血症小鼠血脑屏障完整性和主要激素的转运没有改变。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf095

Anzela Niraula, Kim Hansen, Kristin M Bullock, Michelle A Erickson, William A Banks

{"title":"Blood-brain barrier integrity and transport of major hormones are unchanged in mice with euglycemic hyperinsulinemia.","authors":"Anzela Niraula, Kim Hansen, Kristin M Bullock, Michelle A Erickson, William A Banks","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaf095","url":null,"abstract":"High fat diet (HFD) consumption increases the risk of metabolic syndrome as manifested by insulin resistance, fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, and diabetes mellitus type II (DM). Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruptions and impaired BBB transport of metabolic hormones, including leptin, insulin, and ghrelin, occur in DM and contribute to metabolic dysregulation and cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear whether the BBB changes are caused by the HFD, obesity, insulin resistance, elevated glucose or triglyerceride levels, or other aspects of the metabolic syndrome. This study examined the effects of chronic HFD and an early stage of metabolic syndrome on BBB disruption and transport of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin. Mice on the HFD demonstrated obesity, increase in insulin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PA-1), and resistin, fatty liver and hyperglycerolemia, without elevations in glucose, triglycerides, ghrelin, glucagon, GIP, or GLP-1. The vascular markers of sucrose and albumin did not show BBB disruption. HFD did not alter the rate of insulin, leptin, or ghrelin transport across the BBB. However, leptin binding to the luminal surface of the BBB was greater in the hypothalamus and reduced for the rest of the brain with HFD treatment. The liver uptake of insulin, leptin, and ghrelin was reduced in the HFD group. Overall, our findings indicate that chronic HFD consumption with concomitant obesity and insulin resistance in the absence of hyperglycemia does not result in BBB disruption or altered BBB permeability to key metabolic hormones, but may selectively affect vascular binding of important metabolic hormones in the brain and liver.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxytocin attenuates the endocrine disrupting effects of cocaine in the female rat. 催产素减轻了可卡因对雌性大鼠内分泌的干扰作用。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf096

Carlee M Cockrell, Ariel L Cox, Melanie Berry, Amy S Kohtz

{"title":"Oxytocin attenuates the endocrine disrupting effects of cocaine in the female rat.","authors":"Carlee M Cockrell, Ariel L Cox, Melanie Berry, Amy S Kohtz","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1210/endocr/bqaf096","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Current research indicates that women may exhibit greater susceptibility to cocaine use disorder. Cocaine's endocrine-disrupting effects, including acute impacts on gonadal hormones and chronic disruption of the estrous and menstrual cycles in rodents and humans, may contribute to this susceptibility; however, treatment options for endocrine dysfunction following cocaine exposure remain unexplored. We, and others, have highlighted oxytocin's (OXT) potential to mitigate cocaine use disorder-like behaviors, particularly in females.Methods: We used female, intact and/or ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate OXT's potential as a therapeutic agent for cocaine's acute and chronic endocrine disrupting effects. In acute studies, rats received OXT (0.3mg/kg, IP, 30m prior) or saline and cocaine (10mg/kg, IP, 15m prior) or saline before tail-vein blood draw. In chronic studies (6 weeks), rats received cocaine or saline daily, and OXT or saline every 10 days to assess the effects of cocaine and OXT treatment on the estrous cycle. Serum samples were ELISA-analyzed for progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and OXT levels.Results: Acute cocaine spiked circulating P4 and E2, an effect that was mitigated by OXT pre-treatment. Chronic cocaine administration decreased circulating P4 while increasing circulating E2 and significantly disrupted estrus cycling. Exogenous OXT restored P4 and E2 to pre-cocaine baselines and similarly reversed concurrent effects on estrus cycle dysfunction.Conclusion: Our results show that OXT may therefore act as a defense against cocaine-induced endocrine disruption, reducing its impact on estrous cycle instability. Thus, OXT is a potential treatment for the endocrine-disrupting effects of cocaine.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Maternal Health and Safety Outcomes of Prenatal Myostatin Inhibition in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mice. 成骨不全小鼠产前肌生长抑制素抑制的产妇健康和安全结局。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf080

Tara K Crawford, Brittany N Lafaver, Arin K Oestreich, Bianca R Davis, Charles S Cooper, Isabel M Chapman, Meredith K Luhmann, Ruth Opoku, Amanda K Schulte, Jason Mastaitis, Adrienne M Ohler, Laura C Schulz, Charlotte L Phillips

{"title":"Maternal Health and Safety Outcomes of Prenatal Myostatin Inhibition in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mice.","authors":"Tara K Crawford, Brittany N Lafaver, Arin K Oestreich, Bianca R Davis, Charles S Cooper, Isabel M Chapman, Meredith K Luhmann, Ruth Opoku, Amanda K Schulte, Jason Mastaitis, Adrienne M Ohler, Laura C Schulz, Charlotte L Phillips","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf080","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf080","url":null,"abstract":"Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare type I collagenopathy characterized by skeletal fragility. There is no cure and treatments focus primarily on mitigation of fractures. Although severe OI can be diagnosed prenatally, physicians lack tools for in utero intervention. Previous studies demonstrate postnatal inhibition of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle mass, improves bone mass in OI mouse models, with greater skeletal improvements in genetically myostatin-deficient OI mice. Reduced maternal myostatin during pregnancy improved musculoskeletal health in offspring with unaltered myostatin. These findings suggest prenatal inhibition of maternal myostatin can improve bone strength in OI offspring. We hypothesize that targeting muscle-bone crosstalk through pharmacological myostatin inhibition can improve musculoskeletal health in OI offspring and protect from maternal bone loss. We evaluated maternal and fetal safety, metabolic, and musculoskeletal outcomes during pregnancy and lactation in wild-type and OI mice to assess preclinical safety for potential in utero therapy during critical developmental windows. Pregnant and nonpregnant OI mice were subject to anti-myostatin and control antibody therapy during gestation (embryonic days 3.5-E15.5). Maternal and fetal health were evaluated at embryonic day 17.5 and maternal health following lactation. Prenatal maternal anti-myostatin antibody treatment alone was not sufficient to increase maternal muscle and bone mass, and although the placental size was impacted for some, fetal weights, litter size, and maternal metabolic, and musculoskeletal health remained equivalent to control treated dams. Our findings highlight significant and potentially detrimental changes in maternal bone during lactation in an OI mouse model, consistent with pre/perinatal skeletal findings in non-OI mice and humans.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: "HoxA13 Stimulates Myometrial Cells to Secrete IL-1β and Enhance the Expression of Contraction-Associated Proteins". 更正：“HoxA13刺激子宫肌瘤细胞分泌IL-1β并增强收缩相关蛋白的表达”。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf088

引用次数: 0

Acute Inhibition of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase by NG497 Dysregulates Insulin and Glucagon Secretion From Human Islets. NG497急性抑制脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶调控胰岛胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌异常。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf090

Lucy B Kim, Siming Liu, Syreine Richtsmeier, Michał Górniak, Anamika Vikram, Yumi Imai

{"title":"Acute Inhibition of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase by NG497 Dysregulates Insulin and Glucagon Secretion From Human Islets.","authors":"Lucy B Kim, Siming Liu, Syreine Richtsmeier, Michał Górniak, Anamika Vikram, Yumi Imai","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf090","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf090","url":null,"abstract":"Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides in lipid droplets (LDs), plays a critical role in releasing fatty acids to support insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Based on genetic downregulation of ATGL in β cells, multiple mechanisms are proposed that acutely or chronically regulate insulin secretion. Currently, the contribution of acute vs chronic mechanisms in the regulation of insulin secretion is unclear. Also, little is known whether ATGL affects α-cell function. Using the human-specific ATGL inhibitor, NG497, this study investigates the impact of acute inhibition of ATGL on hormone secretion from human islets. In addition, morphological differences in LDs were assessed in confocal images of β and α cells. β cells exposed to NG497 overnight showed notable increases in LD size and number under glucose-sufficient culture. The effect of NG497 on LD accumulation in α cells was more prominent under fasting-simulated conditions than glucose-sufficient conditions, pointing toward a critical role for ATGL lipolysis under conditions that stimulate hormone secretion in β and α cells. When exposed to NG497 acutely, human islets reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion mildly, particularly first-phase insulin secretion, to an extent somewhat less pronounced than the impacts of chronic ATGL downregulation. Thus, chronic mechanisms may play a predominant role in reducing insulin secretion when ATGL is downregulated. Acute exposure of human islets to NG497 significantly reduced amino acid stimulated glucagon secretion at low glucose concentration, highlighting an important potential role of ATGL lipolysis in promoting hormone secretion acutely from α cells.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Serotonergic and Chemosensory Brain Areas and Sensory Ganglia Expressing Type 3 Deiodinase Mapped With Dio3Cre drivers. 表达3型脱碘酶的5 -羟色胺能区、化学感觉区和感觉神经节与Dio3Cre驱动因子相关联。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf085

Ye Liu, Lily Ng, Chengyu Liu, Douglas Forrest

{"title":"Serotonergic and Chemosensory Brain Areas and Sensory Ganglia Expressing Type 3 Deiodinase Mapped With Dio3Cre drivers.","authors":"Ye Liu, Lily Ng, Chengyu Liu, Douglas Forrest","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf085","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf085","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) promotes neurodevelopment but under strict control because unconstrained exposure to T3 impairs brain and sensory functions. Thyroid hormone-inactivating type 3 deiodinase, encoded by Dio3, critically limits T3 signaling and controls diverse neural functions. Accordingly, understanding the cellular basis of T3 action requires identification of Dio3-expressing cell types but this is difficult because of low level, transient expression within the complexity of the nervous system. Here, we derived a knock-in Dio3Cre driver that sensitively labels Dio3-expressing cells in male and female mice. In this anatomical study, we identified Dio3 expression in the immature amygdala and other brain regions associated with emotion and motivation, and in serotonergic raphe nuclei, which influence many behavioral and physiological systems. Notably, expression in circumventricular organs, including the chemosensory subfornical organ and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, suggested regulation of centers that lack a blood-brain barrier and directly sense signaling factors in the circulation. Expression in trigeminal, dorsal root, cochleovestibular, and other sensory ganglia highlighted contributions to sensory pathways. Although Dio3 expression declines during maturation, a conditional Dio3CreERt2 driver revealed neurons with T3-inducible expression in the adult brain, suggesting ongoing homeostatic functions. These Cre drivers indicate strategically located neuronal groups for control of T3 signaling in behavioral, chemosensory and sensory systems.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins α and β Regulate Ovulation and Gene Expression via Dose- and Stage-Dependent Mechanisms. CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α和β通过剂量和阶段依赖机制调节排卵和基因表达。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf081

Hanxue Zhang, Rainer B Lanz, Jimmy Dhillon, Paul D Soloway, Bo Shui, Yi Athena Ren

{"title":"CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins α and β Regulate Ovulation and Gene Expression via Dose- and Stage-Dependent Mechanisms.","authors":"Hanxue Zhang, Rainer B Lanz, Jimmy Dhillon, Paul D Soloway, Bo Shui, Yi Athena Ren","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf081","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf081","url":null,"abstract":"The preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge orchestrates complex cellular and molecular events leading to ovulation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins α and β (C/EBPα/β) are transcription factors acutely induced by the LH surge and crucial for ovulation and granulosa cell luteinization. However, biological processes (BPs) and their regulatory mechanisms downstream of C/EBPα/β in the preovulatory ovary are not completely understood. To address this knowledge gap, we generated Cebpa/bfl/fl;Pgr-Cre mutants and compared them with Cebpa/bfl/fl;Cyp19a1-Cre mutant female mice: Cebpa/bfl/fl;Cyp19a1-Cre mutants have undetectable levels of C/EBPα/β throughout the preovulatory stages and do not ovulate, aligning with previous reports; and Cebpa/bfl/fl;Pgr-Cre mutants present gradual depletion of C/EBPα/β during the late preovulatory stage and a reduced ovulation rate. Comparison of these two models indicates that sustained expression of C/EBPα/β throughout the preovulatory stages is necessary for successful ovulation and provides a unique opportunity to interrogate gene regulatory mechanisms by C/EBPα/β during different preovulatory time windows and the effect of dysregulating C/EBPα/β on ovulation-associated BPs. Our study revealed that C/EBPα/β regulate gene expression and distinct biological functions such as vascular remodeling via dose- and preovulatory stage-dependent mechanisms. These findings shed new light on the intricate mechanisms of gene regulation by C/EBPα/β downstream of the LH surge.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12086141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salt-inducible Kinase Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism. 盐诱导激酶对脂肪组织代谢的调控。

IF 3.8 3区医学

Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaf092

Fubiao Shi, Vineet Agrawal, Timothy A McKinsey, Sheila Collins

{"title":"Salt-inducible Kinase Regulation of Adipose Tissue Metabolism.","authors":"Fubiao Shi, Vineet Agrawal, Timothy A McKinsey, Sheila Collins","doi":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf092","DOIUrl":"10.1210/endocr/bqaf092","url":null,"abstract":"Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) are a subfamily of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-related kinase family. To be activated, SIKs require phosphorylation in the catalytic kinase domain by liver kinase B1. In response to extracellular stimulations, their activity can be further regulated through phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. PKA-mediated SIK inhibition is a major link between G-protein coupled receptor activation and the target gene transcription program. All 3 SIK isoforms-SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3-are expressed in adipocytes, with SIK2 being the most abundant in both rodents and humans. SIKs play essential roles in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating physiological processes involving insulin signaling, glucose uptake, lipogenesis, and thermogenesis. Each SIK isoform could play both redundant and unique roles in these physiological processes. Many of the substrates that mediate their physiological functions in adipocytes have been characterized, and downstream mechanisms of action have also been proposed. However, due to the functional redundancy of SIKs, a major challenge is to delineate their isoform-specific roles in adipose tissue in vivo using genetic mouse models. In addition, common genetic variants and rare mutations in the SIK genes have been identified to be associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and developmental conditions, suggesting a translational implication for human disease that deserves investigation. Furthermore, small molecular SIK inhibitors have been developed and have shown therapeutic potential in multiple disease areas. Evaluation of their metabolic and cardiovascular effects will be required for future clinical development of SIK inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":11819,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0