Essays in biochemistry最新文献_第4页

A comparative guide to expression systems for phage lysin production. 噬菌体溶酶生产表达系统比较指南。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20240019

Emma Cremelie, Roberto Vázquez, Yves Briers

{"title":"A comparative guide to expression systems for phage lysin production.","authors":"Emma Cremelie, Roberto Vázquez, Yves Briers","doi":"10.1042/EBC20240019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20240019","url":null,"abstract":"Phage lysins, bacteriophage-encoded enzymes tasked with degrading their host's cell wall, are increasingly investigated and engineered as novel antibacterials across diverse applications. Their rapid action, tuneable specificity, and low likelihood of resistance development make them particularly interesting. Despite numerous application-focused lysin studies, the art of their recombinant production remains relatively undiscussed. Here, we provide an overview of the available expression systems for phage lysin production and discuss key considerations guiding the choice of a suitable recombinant host. We systematically surveyed recent literature to evaluate the hosts used in the lysin field and cover various recombinant systems, including the well-known bacterial host Escherichia coli or yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as plant, mammalian, and cell-free systems. Careful analysis of the limited studies expressing lysins in various hosts suggests a host-dependent effect on activity. Nonetheless, the multitude of available expression systems should be further leveraged to accommodate the growing interest in phage lysins and their expanding range of applications.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sulfation pathways in the maintenance of functional beta-cell mass and implications for diabetes. 维持功能性β细胞质量的硫酸化途径及其对糖尿病的影响。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20240034

Jonathan Wolf Mueller, Patricia Thomas, Louise Torp Dalgaard, Gabriela da Silva Xavier

{"title":"Sulfation pathways in the maintenance of functional beta-cell mass and implications for diabetes.","authors":"Jonathan Wolf Mueller, Patricia Thomas, Louise Torp Dalgaard, Gabriela da Silva Xavier","doi":"10.1042/EBC20240034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20240034","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes Type 1 and Type 2 are widely occurring diseases. In spite of a vast amount of biomedical literature about diabetic processes in general, links to certain biological processes are only becoming evident these days. One such area of biology is the sulfation of small molecules, such as steroid hormones or metabolites from the gastrointestinal tract, as well as larger biomolecules, such as proteins and proteoglycans. Thus, modulating the physicochemical propensities of the different sulfate acceptors, resulting in enhanced solubility, expedited circulatory transit, or enhanced macromolecular interaction. This review lists evidence for the involvement of sulfation pathways in the maintenance of functional pancreatic beta-cell mass and the implications for diabetes, grouped into various classes of sulfated biomolecule. Complex heparan sulfates might play a role in the development and maintenance of beta-cells. The sulfolipids sulfatide and sulfo-cholesterol might contribute to beta-cell health. In beta-cells, there are only very few proteins with confirmed sulfation on some tyrosine residues, with the IRS4 molecule being one of them. Sulfated steroid hormones, such as estradiol-sulfate and vitamin-D-sulfate, may facilitate downstream steroid signaling in beta-cells, following de-sulfation. Indoxyl sulfate is a metabolite from the intestine, that causes kidney damage, contributing to diabetic kidney disease. Finally, from a technological perspective, there is heparan sulfate, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate, that all might be involved in next-generation beta-cell transplantation. Sulfation pathways may play a role in pancreatic beta-cells through multiple mechanisms. A more coherent understanding of sulfation pathways in diabetes will facilitate discussion and guide future research.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phage-specific antibodies: are they a hurdle for the success of phage therapy? 噬菌体特异性抗体：它们是噬菌体疗法成功的障碍吗？

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20240024

Ayaka Washizaki, Arata Sakiyama, Hiroki Ando

{"title":"Phage-specific antibodies: are they a hurdle for the success of phage therapy?","authors":"Ayaka Washizaki, Arata Sakiyama, Hiroki Ando","doi":"10.1042/EBC20240024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20240024","url":null,"abstract":"Phage therapy has attracted attention again owing to the increasing number of drug-resistant bacteria. Although the efficacy of phage therapy has been reported, numerous studies have indicated that the generation of phage-specific antibodies resulting from phage administration might have an impact on clinical outcomes. Phage-specific antibodies promote phage uptake by macrophages and contribute to their rapid clearance from the body. In addition, phage-specific neutralizing antibodies bind to the phages and diminish their antibacterial activity. Thus, phage-specific antibody production and its role in phage therapy have been analyzed both in vitro and in vivo. Strategies for prolonging the blood circulation time of phages have also been investigated. However, despite these efforts, the results of clinical trials are still inconsistent, and a consensus on whether phage-specific antibodies influence clinical outcomes has not yet been reached. In this review, we summarize the phage-specific antibody production during phage therapy. In addition, we introduce recently performed clinical trials and discuss whether phage-specific antibodies affect clinical outcomes and what we can do to further improve phage therapy regimens.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Steroid metabolism and hormonal dynamics in normal and malignant ovaries. 正常卵巢和恶性卵巢的类固醇代谢和激素动态。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20240028

Lucy I Beevors, Sudha Sundar, Paul A Foster

引用次数: 0

Steroid sulfatase and sulfotransferases in the estrogen and androgen action of gynecological cancers: current status and perspectives. 妇科癌症中雌激素和雄激素作用中的类固醇硫酸酯酶和硫酸基转移酶：现状与展望。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20230096

Tea Lanišnik Rižner, Marija Gjorgoska

{"title":"Steroid sulfatase and sulfotransferases in the estrogen and androgen action of gynecological cancers: current status and perspectives.","authors":"Tea Lanišnik Rižner, Marija Gjorgoska","doi":"10.1042/EBC20230096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20230096","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfatase (STS) and sulfotransferases (SULT) have important role in the biosynthesis and action of steroid hormones. STS catalyzes the hydrolysis of estrone-sulfate (E1-S) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), while sulfotransferases catalyze the reverse reaction and require 3-phosphoadenosine-5-phosphosulfate as a sulfate donor. These enzymes control the concentration of active estrogens and androgens in peripheral tissues. Aberant expression of STS and SULT genes has been found in both, benign hormone-dependent diseases and hormone-dependent cancers. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge on the role of STS and SULT in gynecological cancers, endometrial (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC). EC is the most common and OC the most lethal gynecological cancer. These cancers primarily affect postmenopausal women and therefore rely on the local production of steroid hormones from inactive precursors, either DHEA-S or E1-S. Following cellular uptake by organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) or organic anion transporters (OAT), STS and SULT regulate the formation of active estrogens and androgens, thus disturbed balance between STS and SULT can contribute to the onset and progression of cancer. The importance of these enzymes in peripheral estrogen biosynthesis has long been recognized, and this review provides new data on the important role of STS and SULT in the formation and action of androgens, their regulation and inhibition, and their potential as prognostic biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical approaches to the sulfation of small molecules: current progress and future directions. 小分子硫化的化学方法：当前进展与未来方向。

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20240001

Jaber A Alshehri, Alan M Jones

{"title":"Chemical approaches to the sulfation of small molecules: current progress and future directions.","authors":"Jaber A Alshehri, Alan M Jones","doi":"10.1042/EBC20240001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20240001","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfation is one of the most important modifications that occur to a wide range of bioactive small molecules including polysaccharides, proteins, flavonoids, and steroids. In turn, these sulfated molecules have significant biological and pharmacological roles in diverse processes including cell signalling, modulation of immune and inflammation response, anti-coagulation, anti-atherosclerosis, and anti-adhesive properties. This Essay summarises the most encountered chemical sulfation methods of small molecules. Sulfation reactions using sulfur trioxide amine/amide complexes are the most used method for alcohol and phenol groups in carbohydrates, steroids, proteins, and related scaffolds. Despite the effectiveness of these methods, they suffer from issues including multiple-purification steps, toxicity issues (e.g., pyridine contamination), purification challenges, stoichiometric excess of reagents which leads to an increase in reaction cost, and intrinsic stability issues of both the reagent and product. Recent advances including SuFEx, the in situ reagent approach, and TBSAB show the widespread appeal of novel sulfating approaches that will enable a larger exploration of the field in the years to come by simplifying the purification and isolation process to access bespoke sulfated small molecules.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Polysaccharide sulfotransferases: the identification of putative sequences and respective functional characterisation. 多糖磺基转移酶：推定序列的鉴定和各自的功能特征。

IF 6.4 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20230094

Ravina Mistry, Dominic P Byrne, David Starns, Igor L Barsukov, Edwin A Yates, David G Fernig

{"title":"Polysaccharide sulfotransferases: the identification of putative sequences and respective functional characterisation.","authors":"Ravina Mistry, Dominic P Byrne, David Starns, Igor L Barsukov, Edwin A Yates, David G Fernig","doi":"10.1042/EBC20230094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/EBC20230094","url":null,"abstract":"The vast structural diversity of sulfated polysaccharides demands an equally diverse array of enzymes known as polysaccharide sulfotransferases (PSTs). PSTs are present across all kingdoms of life, including algae, fungi and archaea, and their sulfation pathways are relatively unexplored. Sulfated polysaccharides possess anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant and anti-cancer properties and have great therapeutic potential. Current identification of PSTs using Pfam has been predominantly focused on the identification of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sulfotransferases because of their pivotal roles in cell communication, extracellular matrix formation and coagulation. As a result, our knowledge of non-GAG PSTs structure and function remains limited. The major sulfotransferase families, Sulfotransfer_1 and Sulfotransfer_2, display broad homology and should enable the capture of a wide assortment of sulfotransferases but are limited in non-GAG PST sequence annotation. In addition, sequence annotation is further restricted by the paucity of biochemical analyses of PSTs. There are now high-throughput and robust assays for sulfotransferases such as colorimetric PAPS (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate) coupled assays, Europium-based fluorescent probes for ratiometric PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate) detection, and NMR methods for activity and product analysis. These techniques provide real-time and direct measurements to enhance the functional annotation and subsequent analysis of sulfated polysaccharides across the tree of life to improve putative PST identification and characterisation of function. Improved annotation and biochemical analysis of PST sequences will enhance the utility of PSTs across biomedical and biotechnological sectors.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytosolic sulfotransferases in endocrine disruption. 内分泌紊乱中的细胞硫代转移酶

IF 5.6 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20230101

Michael W Duffel

引用次数: 0

Analytical methods for quantitating sulfate in plasma and serum. 血浆和血清中硫酸盐的定量分析方法。

IF 6.4 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20230092

Prasidhee Vijayakumar, Paul A Dawson

引用次数: 0

Computational models as catalysts for investigating redoxin systems. 计算模型是研究氧化还原系统的催化剂。

IF 6.4 2区生物学

Essays in biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1042/EBC20230036

Ché S Pillay, Johann M Rohwer

{"title":"Computational models as catalysts for investigating redoxin systems.","authors":"Ché S Pillay, Johann M Rohwer","doi":"10.1042/EBC20230036","DOIUrl":"10.1042/EBC20230036","url":null,"abstract":"Thioredoxin, glutaredoxin and peroxiredoxin systems play central roles in redox regulation, signaling and metabolism in cells. In these systems, reducing equivalents from NAD(P)H are transferred by coupled thiol-disulfide exchange reactions to redoxins which then reduce a wide array of targets. However, the characterization of redoxin activity has been unclear, with redoxins regarded as enzymes in some studies and redox metabolites in others. Consequently, redoxin activities have been quantified by enzyme kinetic parameters in vitro, and redox potentials or redox ratios within cells. By analyzing all the reactions within these systems, computational models showed that many kinetic properties attributed to redoxins were due to system-level effects. Models of cellular redoxin networks have also been used to estimate intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels, analyze redox signaling and couple omic and kinetic data to understand the regulation of these networks in disease. Computational modeling has emerged as a powerful complementary tool to traditional redoxin enzyme kinetic and cellular assays that integrates data from a number of sources into a single quantitative framework to accelerate the analysis of redoxin systems.","PeriodicalId":11812,"journal":{"name":"Essays in biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"27-39"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139734762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0