Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Disparities in neighbourhood characteristics and 10-year dementia risk by nativity status.","authors":"R Wong, D Soong","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000076","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Prior research indicates that neighbourhood disadvantage increases dementia risk. There is, however, inconclusive evidence on the relationship between nativity and cognitive impairment. To our knowledge, our study is the first to analyse how nativity and neighbourhood interact to influence dementia risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten years of prospective cohort data (2011-2020) were retrieved from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, a nationally representative sample of 5,362 U.S. older adults aged 65+. Cox regression analysed time to dementia diagnosis using nativity status (foreign- or native-born) and composite scores for neighbourhood physical disorder (litter, graffiti and vacancies) and social cohesion (know, help and trust each other), after applying sampling weights and imputing missing data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a weighted sample representing 26.9 million older adults, about 9.5% (<i>n</i> = 2.5 million) identified as foreign-born and 24.4% (<i>n</i> = 6.5 million) had an incident dementia diagnosis. Average baseline neighbourhood physical disorder was 0.19 (range 0-9), and baseline social cohesion was 4.28 (range 0-6). Baseline neighbourhood physical disorder was significantly higher among foreign-born (mean = 0.28) compared to native-born (mean = 0.18) older adults (<i>t</i> = -2.4, <i>p</i> = .02). Baseline neighbourhood social cohesion was significantly lower for foreign-born (mean = 3.57) compared to native-born (mean = 4.33) older adults (<i>t</i> = 5.5, <i>p</i> < .001). After adjusting for sociodemographic, health and neighbourhood variables, foreign-born older adults had a 51% significantly higher dementia risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.19-1.90, <i>p</i> < .01). There were no significant interactions for nativity with neighbourhood physical disorder or social cohesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that foreign-born older adults have higher neighbourhood physical disorder and lower social cohesion compared to native-born older adults. Despite the higher dementia risk, we observed for foreign-born older adults, and this relationship was not moderated by either neighbourhood physical disorder or social cohesion. Further research is needed to understand what factors are contributing to elevated dementia risk among foreign-born older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139734781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical overview of emotion processing assessment in non-affective and affective psychoses.","authors":"Irene Gorrino, Maria Gloria Rossetti, Francesca Girelli, Marcella Bellani, Cinzia Perlini, Giulia Mattavelli","doi":"10.1017/S204579602400009X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S204579602400009X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Patients with affective and non-affective psychoses show impairments in both the identification and discrimination of facial affect, which can significantly reduce their quality of life. The aim of this commentary is to present the strengths and weaknesses of the available instruments for a more careful evaluation of different stages of emotion processing in clinical and experimental studies on patients with non-affective and affective psychoses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the existing literature to identify different tests used to assess the ability to recognise (e.g. Ekman 60-Faces Test, Facial Emotion Identification Test and Penn Emotion Recognition Test) and to discriminate emotions (e.g. Face Emotion Discrimination Test and Emotion Differentiation Task).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The current literature revealed that few studies combine instruments to differentiate between different levels of emotion processing disorders. The lack of comprehensive instruments that integrate emotion recognition and discrimination assessments prevents a full understanding of patients' conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This commentary underlines the need for a detailed evaluation of emotion processing ability in patients with non-affective and affective psychoses, to characterise the disorder at early phases from the onset of the disease and to design rehabilitation treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e8"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139734780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatic disease burden and depression risk in late life: a community-based study.","authors":"Federico Triolo, Davide Liborio Vetrano, Linnea Sjöberg, Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga, Martino Belvederi Murri, Laura Fratiglioni, Serhiy Dekhtyar","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000064","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Co-occurring somatic diseases exhibit complex clinical profiles, which can differentially impact the development of late-life depression. Within a community-based cohort, we aimed to explore the association between somatic disease burden, both in terms of the number of diseases and their patterns, and the incidence of depression in older people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed longitudinal data of depression- and dementia-free individuals aged 60+ years from the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Depression diagnoses were clinically ascertained following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Text Revision over a 15-year follow-up. Somatic disease burden was assessed at baseline through a comprehensive list of chronic diseases obtained by combining information from clinical examinations, medication reviews and national registers and operationalized as (i) disease count and (ii) patterns of co-occurring diseases from latent class analysis. The association of somatic disease burden with depression incidence was investigated using Cox models, accounting for sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analytical sample comprised 2904 people (mean age, 73.2 [standard deviation (SD), 10.5]; female, 63.1%). Over the follow-up (mean length, 9.6 years [SD, 4 years]), 225 depression cases were detected. Each additional disease was associated with the occurrence of any depression in a dose-response manner (hazard ratio [HR], 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08, 1.24). As for disease patterns, individuals presenting with sensory/anaemia (HR, 1.91; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.53), thyroid/musculoskeletal (HR, 1.90; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.39) and cardiometabolic (HR, 2.77; 95% CI: 1.40, 5.46) patterns exhibited with higher depression hazards, compared to those without 2+ diseases (multimorbidity). In the subsample of multimorbid individuals (85%), only the cardiometabolic pattern remained associated with a higher depression hazard compared to the unspecific pattern (HR, 1.71; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both number and patterns of co-occurring somatic diseases are associated with an increased risk of late-life depression. Mental health should be closely monitored among older adults with high somatic burden, especially if affected by cardiometabolic multimorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e6"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events: a cohort study of a South African medical insurance scheme.","authors":"Cristina Mesa-Vieira, Christiane Didden, Michael Schomaker, Johannes P Mouton, Naomi Folb, Leigh L van den Heuvel, Chiara Gastaldon, Morna Cornell, Mpho Tlali, Reshma Kassanjee, Oscar H Franco, Soraya Seedat, Andreas D Haas","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000052","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Prior research, largely focused on US male veterans, indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular disease among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data from other settings and populations are scarce. The objective of this study is to examine PTSD as a risk factor for incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed reimbursement claims (2011-2020) of a cohort of South African medical insurance scheme beneficiaries aged 18 years or older. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for associations between PTSD and MACEs using Cox proportional hazard models and calculated the effect of PTSD on MACEs using longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We followed 1,009,113 beneficiaries over a median of 3.0 years (IQR 1.1-6.0). During follow-up, 12,662 (1.3%) persons were diagnosed with PTSD and 39,255 (3.9%) had a MACE. After adjustment for sex, HIV status, age, population group, substance use disorders, psychotic disorders, major depressive disorder, sleep disorders and the use of antipsychotic medication, PTSD was associated with a 16% increase in the risk of MACEs (aHR 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.28). The risk ratio for the effect of PTSD on MACEs decreased from 1.59 (95% CI 1.49-1.68) after 1 year of follow-up to 1.14 (95% CI 1.11-1.16) after 8 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides empirical support for an increased risk of MACEs in males and females with PTSD from a general population sample in South Africa. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring cardiovascular risk among individuals diagnosed with PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139680856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor in Response to 'Population-based cohort study of oral contraceptive use and risk of depression'.","authors":"P Kendall, A Lazorwitz","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000039","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground-breaking change to the mental health section of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines: implications for low- and middle-income countries.","authors":"Corrado Barbui, Davide Papola, Beatrice Todesco, Chiara Gastaldon, Giovanni Ostuzzi","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000040","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics to predict initial referrals to psychosocial interventions in patients with serious mental illness.","authors":"Guillaume Barbalat, Julien Plasse, Isabelle Chéreau-Boudet, Benjamin Gouache, Emilie Legros-Lafarge, Catherine Massoubre, Nathalie Guillard-Bouhet, Frédéric Haesebaert, Nicolas Franck","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000015","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR) is at the core of psychiatric recovery. There is a paucity of evidence regarding how the needs and characteristics of patients guide clinical decisions to refer to PSR interventions. Here, we used explainable machine learning methods to determine how socio-demographic and clinical characteristics contribute to initial referrals to PSR interventions in patients with serious mental illness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from the French network of rehabilitation centres, REHABase, collected between years 2016 and 2022 and analysed between February and September 2022. Participants presented with serious mental illnesses, including schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, autism spectrum disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and personality disorders. Information from 37 socio-demographic and clinical variables was extracted at baseline and used as potential predictors. Several machine learning models were tested to predict initial referrals to four PSR interventions: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive remediation (CR), psychoeducation (PE) and vocational training (VT). Explanatory power of predictors was determined using the artificial intelligence-based SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method from the best performing algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from a total of 1146 patients were included (mean age, 33.2 years [range, 16-72 years]; 366 [39.2%] women). A random forest algorithm demonstrated the best predictive performance, with a moderate or average predictive accuracy [micro-averaged area under the receiver operating curve from 'external' cross-validation: 0.672]. SHAP dependence plots demonstrated insightful associations between socio-demographic and clinical predictors and referrals to PSR programmes. For instance, patients with psychotic disorders were more likely to be referred to PE and CR, while those with non-psychotic disorders were more likely to be referred to CBT and VT. Likewise, patients with social dysfunctions and lack of educational attainment were more likely to be referred to CR and VT, while those with better functioning and education were more likely to be referred to CBT and PE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A combination of socio-demographic and clinical features was not sufficient to accurately predict initial referrals to four PSR programmes among a French network of rehabilitation centres. Referrals to PSR interventions may also involve service- and clinician-level factors. Considering socio-demographic and clinical predictors revealed disparities in referrals with respect to diagnoses, current clinical and psychological issues, functioning and education.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e2"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10894705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Access to and perceived unmet need for mental health services and support in a community sample of UK adolescents with and without experience of childhood adversity.","authors":"E Soneson, S R White, E Howarth, T Ford, M Fazel, P B Jones","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000027","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Children and adolescents with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely than their peers to develop mental health difficulties, but not enough is known about their help-seeking behaviours and preferences. We aimed to determine whether ACEs are associated with access to and perceived unmet need for mental health services and support amongst secondary school students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used multi-level logistic regression with data from the 2020 OxWell Student Survey to assess whether ACEs were associated with (1) prior access to mental health support and (2) perceived unmet need for mental health services in a community sample of English secondary school students. We assessed ACEs as a cumulative score from the Center for Youth Wellness Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire: Teen Self-Report version and accounted for current mental health difficulties as measured by the 25-item Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included 2018 students across 64 schools, of whom 29.9% (598/2002) reported prior access to mental health support. Of those not reporting prior access, 34.1% (469/1377) reported a perceived unmet need for services. In the unadjusted models, cumulative ACE scores were significantly positively associated with both prior access to mental health support (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.29-1.43) and perceived unmet need for mental health services (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.37-1.59), meaning that students who had experienced adversity had a greater chance of having previously accessed support as well as perceiving an unmet need for services. After adjusting for mental health difficulties and other sociodemographic variables, cumulative ACE scores were positively associated with prior access (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.17-1.34 with a significant interaction between RCADS and ACE scores, aOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.93) as well as perceived unmet need (aOR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.21-1.43 with a significant interaction between RCADS and ACE scores, aOR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.78-0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although it is encouraging that adolescents with experience of adversity are more likely than their peers with similar levels of depression and anxiety symptoms to have accessed mental health support, there remains a concern that those who <i>have not</i> accessed support are more likely to perceive an as-yet unmet need for it. Mental health support must be available, accessible and acceptable to all who need it, especially for those groups that traditionally have not accessed services, including the more marginalised and vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e1"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in health and social policies in Nepal: A scoping review and synthesis - ERRATUM.","authors":"D Gurung, M Neupane, K Bhattarai, B Acharya, N C Gautam, K Gautam, S Koirala, K Marahatta, P Gurung, K B Khadka, B A Kohrt, G Thornicroft, P C Gronholm","doi":"10.1017/S2045796023000847","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796023000847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"e72"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10803186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What photographic portrait to produce to represent Outsider artists?","authors":"Lucie Goujard","doi":"10.1017/S2045796023000793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796023000793","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}