Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Twelve-month follow-up of a controlled trial of a brief behavioural intervention to reduce psychological distress in young adolescent Syrian refugees.","authors":"Richard A Bryant, Rand Habashneh, Maha Ghatasheh, Aiysha Malik, Ibrahim Said Aqel, Katie S Dawson, Sarah Watts, Mark J D Jordans, Felicity L Brown, Mark van Ommeren, Aemal Akhtar","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The majority of studies of mental health interventions for young adolescents have only evaluated short-term benefits. This study evaluated the longer-term effectiveness of a non-specialist delivered group-based intervention (Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions; EASE) to improve young adolescents' mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-blind, parallel, controlled trial, Syrian refugees aged 10-14 years in Jordan who screened positive for psychological distress were randomised to receive either EASE or enhanced usual care (EUC). Primary outcomes were scores on the Paediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) assessed at Week 0, 8-weeks, 3-months, and 12 months after treatment. Secondary outcomes were disability, posttraumatic stress, school belongingness, wellbeing, and caregivers' reports of distress, parenting behaviour, and their perceived children's mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between June, 2019 and January, 2020, 185 adolescents were assigned to EASE and 286 to EUC, and 149 (80.5%) and 225 (78.7%) were retained at 12 months, respectively. At 12 months there were no significant differences between treatment conditions, except that EASE was associated with less reduction in depression (estimated mean difference -1.6, 95% CI -3.2 to -0.1; p=.03; effect size, -0.3), and a greater sense of school belonging (estimated mean difference -0.3, 95% CI -5.7 to -0.2; p=.03; effect size, 5.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although EASE led to significant reductions in internalising problems, caregiver distress, and harsh disciplinary parenting at 3-months, these improvements were not maintained at 12 months relative to EUC. Scalable psychological interventions for young adolescents need to consider their ongoing mental health needs. Prospectively registered: ACTRN12619000341123.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e80"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social disconnectedness, subsequent medical conditions, and, the role of pre-existing mental disorders: a population-based cohort study.","authors":"L M Laustsen, M Lasgaard, N C Momen, D Chen, J L Gradus, M S Grønkjær, M M Jensen, O Plana-Ripoll","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Individuals with diminished social connections are at higher risk of mental disorders, dementia, circulatory conditions and musculoskeletal conditions. However, evidence is limited by a disease-specific focus and no systematic examination of sex differences or the role of pre-existing mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cohort study using data on social disconnectedness (loneliness, social isolation, low social support and a composite measure) from the 2013 and 2017 Danish National Health Survey linked with register data on 11 broad categories of medical conditions through 2021. Poisson regression was applied to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs), incidence rate differences (IRDs), and explore sex differences and interaction with pre-existing mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 162,497 survey participants, 7.6%, 3.5% and 14.8% were classified as lonely, socially isolated and with low social support, respectively. Individuals who were lonely and with low social support had a higher incidence rate in all 11 categories of medical conditions (interquartile range [IQR] of IRRs, respectively 1.26-1.49 and 1.10-1.14), whereas this was the case in nine categories among individuals who were socially isolated (IQR of IRRs, 1.01-1.31). Applying the composite measure, the highest IRR was 2.63 for a mental disorder (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.38-2.91), corresponding to an IRD of 54 (95% CI, 47-61) cases per 10,000 person-years. We found sex and age differences in some relative and absolute estimates, but no substantial deviations from additive interaction with pre-existing mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study advances our knowledge of the risk of medical conditions faced by individuals who are socially disconnected. In addition to the existing evidence, we found higher incidence rates for a broad range of medical condition categories. Contrary to previous evidence, our findings suggest that loneliness is a stronger determinant for subsequent medical conditions than social isolation and low social support.A preregistered analysis plan and statistical code are available at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pycrq).</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e81"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rates of colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality in people with severe mental illness: results from Australia's National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme.","authors":"S Kisely, K Spilsbury, C Bull, S Jordan, B J Kendall, D Siskind, G Sara, M Protani, D Lawrence","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Studies show that people with severe mental illness (SMI) have a greater risk of dying from colorectal cancer (CRC). These studies mostly predate the introduction of national bowel cancer screening programmes (NBCSPs) and it is unknown if these have reduced disparity in CRC-related mortality for people with SMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared mortality rates following CRC diagnosis at colonoscopy between a nationally representative sample of people with and without SMI who participated in Australia's NBCSP. Participation was defined as the return of a valid immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT). We also compared mortality rates between people with SMI who did and did not participate in the NBCSP. SMI was defined as receiving two or more Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescriptions for second-generation antipsychotics or lithium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Amongst NBCSP participants, the incidence of CRC in the SMI cohort was lower than in the controls (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61-0.98). In spite of this, their all-cause mortality rate was 1.84 times higher (95% CI 1.12-3.03), although there was only weak evidence of a difference in CRC-specific mortality (HR 1.82; 95% CI 0.93-3.57). People with SMI who participated in the NBCSP had better all-cause survival than those who were invited to participate but did not return a valid iFOBT (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.88). The benefit of participation was strongest for males with SMI and included improved all-cause and CRC-specific survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Participation in the NBCSP may be associated with improved survival following a CRC diagnosis for people with SMI, especially males, although they still experienced greater mortality than the general population. Approaches to improving CRC outcomes in people with SMI should include targeted screening, and increased awareness about the benefits or participation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12620000781943).</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e79"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional analysis of the association between migraine and post-traumatic stress disorder in Nurses' Health Study II.","authors":"H M Crowe, L Sampson, A C Purdue-Smithe, K M Rexrode, K C Koenen, J W Rich-Edwards","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Migraine and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both twice as common in women as men. Cross-sectional studies have shown associations between migraine and several psychiatric conditions, including PTSD. PTSD is disproportionally common among patients in headache clinics, and individuals with migraine and PTSD report greater disability from migraines and more frequent medication use. To further clarify the nature of the relationship between PTSD and migraine, we conducted bidirectional analyses of the association between (1) migraine and incident PTSD and (2) PTSD and incident migraine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used longitudinal data from 1989-2020 among the 33,327 Nurses' Health Study II respondents to the 2018 stress questionnaire. We used log-binomial models to estimate the relative risk of developing PTSD among women with migraine and the relative risk of developing migraine among individuals with PTSD, trauma-exposed individuals without PTSD, and individuals unexposed to trauma, adjusting for race, education, marital status, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, alcohol intake, smoking, and body mass index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 48% of respondents reported ever experiencing migraine, 82% reported experiencing trauma and 9% met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 criteria for PTSD. Of those reporting migraine and trauma, 67% reported trauma before migraine onset, 2% reported trauma and migraine onset in the same year and 31% reported trauma after migraine onset. We found that migraine was associated with incident PTSD (adjusted relative risk [RR]: 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.39). PTSD, but not trauma without PTSD, was associated with incident migraine (adjusted RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.27). Findings were consistently stronger in both directions among those experiencing migraine with aura.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides further evidence that migraine and PTSD are strongly comorbid and found associations of similar magnitude between migraine and incident PTSD and PTSD and incident migraine.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e76"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal birth cohort study of child maltreatment and mental disorders using linked statewide child protection and administrative health data for 83,050 Queensland residents from 1983 to 2014 - ERRATUM.","authors":"Steve Kisely, Stuart Leske, James Ogilvie, Carleen Thompson, Dan Siskind, Troy Allard","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000805","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e77"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health 15 years on: implications of an ecological framework for addressing the mental health of conflict-affected populations.","authors":"K E Miller, A Rasmussen","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Fifteen years ago, we published an article in <i>Social Science and Medicine</i> seeking to resolve the contentious debate between advocates of two very different frameworks for understanding and addressing the mental health needs of conflict-affected populations. The two approaches, which we labelled <i>trauma-focused</i> and <i>psychosocial</i>, reflect deeply held beliefs about the causes and nature of distress in war-affected communities. Drawing on the burgeoning literature on armed conflict and mental health, the reports of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff in the field, and on research on the psychology and psychophysiology of stress, we proposed an integrative model that drew on the strengths of both frameworks and underscored their essential complementarity. Our model includes two primary pathways by which armed conflict impacts mental health: directly, through exposure to war-related violence and loss, and indirectly, through the harsh conditions of everyday life caused or exacerbated by armed conflict. The mediated model we proposed draws attention to the effects of stressors both past (prior exposure to war-related violence and loss) and present (ongoing conflict, daily stressors), at all levels of the social ecology; for that reason, we have termed it an ecological model for understanding the mental health needs of conflict-affected populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the ensuing 15 years, the model has been rigorously tested in diverse populations and has found robust support. In this paper, we first summarize the development and key tenets of the model and briefly review recent empirical support for it. We then discuss the implications of an ecological framework for interventions aimed at strengthening mental health in conflict-affected populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We present preliminary evidence suggesting there has been a gradual shift towards more ecological (i.e., multilevel, multimodal) programming in MHPSS interventions, along the lines suggested by our model as well as other conceptually related frameworks, particularly public health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We reflect on several gaps in the model, most notably the absence of adverse childhood experiences. We suggest the importance of examining early adversity as both a direct influence on mental health and as a potential moderator of the impact of potentially traumatic war-related experiences of violence and loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e78"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences and subsequent experiences of intimate partner violence in adulthood: a gender perspective.","authors":"Zheng Tian, Nan Zhang, Yimiao Li, Yibo Wu, Lan Wang","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000775","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aims: &lt;/strong&gt;Investigate the prevalence of adverse childhood experience (ACE) and intimate partner violence (IPV) using a large representative Chinese sample, explore the association mechanism between ACE and adult exposure to IPV and to examine gender differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 21,154 participants were included in this study. The ACE scale was used to assess participants' exposure to ACE before the age of 18. Participants were evaluated for IPV experienced after the age of 18 using the IPV Scale. Logistic regression model was used to analyse the association between ACE and the risk of IPV exposure in adulthood. Principal component analysis was used to extract the main patterns of ACEs in the Chinese population. Network analyses were employed to identify the most critical types of ACE and IPV, analyse the association mechanisms between ACEs and IPVs, explore gender differences in this association and compare gender differences in the severity of IPVs experienced in adulthood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Participants with at least one ACE event faced a 215.5% higher risk of IPV compared to those without ACE experiences. In population-wide and gender-specific networks, The ACE and IPV nodes with the highest expected influence are 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)' and 'IPV5 (Partner compares me to other people and blatantly accuses me, making me feel embarrassed and unsure of myself)'. Positive correlations were found between 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)'-'IPV3 (Partner does not care about me when I am in bad shape [not feeling well or in a bad mood])', 'ACE4 (Violent treatment of mother or stepmother + criminal acts in the family pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)' and 'ACE2 (Exposure to sexual assault pattern)'-'IPV2 (Partner would have physical or sexual contact with me against my will)', which were the three edges with the highest edge weight values in the ACE pattern and IPV edges. 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)'-'IPV3 (Partner does not care about me when I am in bad shape [not feeling well or in a bad mood])', 'ACE2 (Exposure to sexual assault pattern)'-'IPV2 (Partner would have physical or sexual contact with me against my will)', 'ACE4 (Violent treatment of mother or stepmother + criminal acts in the family pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)' in the male network and 'ACE1 (Verbal abuse + physical abuse pattern)'-'IPV3 (Partner does not care about me when I am in bad shape [not feeling well or in a bad mood])', 'ACE4 (Violent treatment of mother or stepmother + criminal acts in the family pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me with the help of an instrument)', 'ACE3 (Substance abuse + mental illness + violent treatment of mother or stepmother pattern)'-'IPV1 (Partner has ever directly assaulted or hurt me wit","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e75"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence of anxiety and depression symptoms and their impact on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake.","authors":"Yanhan Shen, Kate Penrose, McKaylee Robertson, Rachael Piltch-Loeb, Sasha Fleary, Sarah Kulkarni, Chloe Teasdale, Subha Balasubramanian, Surabhi Yadav, Bai Xi Jasmine Chan, Jenna Sanborn, Josefina Nuñez Sahr, Avantika Srivastava, Denis Nash, Angela Parcesepe","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The enduring impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and its implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake necessitate comprehensive investigation. We aimed to characterize the persistence of moderate to severe anxiety and depression symptoms from July 2020 to July 2023, explore demographic associations with symptom persistence, and assess how these symptoms affected COVID-19 vaccination uptake between May 2021 and July 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants from the national community-based CHASING COVID Cohort were enrolled between March and June 2020 and completed quarterly follow-ups until December 2023. Scores ≥10 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item and the Patient Health Questionnaire 8-item at 14 follow-up assessments indicated moderate to severe anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Missing scores were imputed. Persistent anxiety and depression were defined as experiencing moderate to severe anxiety and depression symptoms ≥7 out of 14 follow-up assessments, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 4,851 participants, 15.9% experienced persistent anxiety symptoms and 19.3% persistent depression symptoms from July 2020 to July 2023. Demographic factors associated with symptom persistence included younger age, female or non-binary gender, Hispanic ethnicity, lower education level, household income <$100k, presence of children <18 in the household, greater healthcare barriers and comorbidities. Participants with ongoing moderate to severe anxiety and depression symptoms had 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.97) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.96) times rates of receiving additional COVID-19 vaccine doses between May 2021 and July 2023, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Customized support for individuals with mental disorders may mitigate barriers to vaccine uptake. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings and inform targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e74"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An equity indicator for assessing mental healthcare access: a national population case study.","authors":"S Dawadi, F Shawyer, E Callander, S Patten, B Johnson, S Rosenberg, V Lakra, E Lin, H Teede, G Meadows, J Enticott","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Achieving equitable healthcare access is a global challenge. Improving whole-population mental health and reducing the global burden of mental disorders is a key recommendation of the 2018 Lancet Global Mental Health Commission, which proposed monitoring national indicators, including the proportion of people with severe mental disorders who are service-users. This study aims to derive an equity indicator from national datasets integrating need, service utilisation and socioeconomic status, and demonstrate its utility in identifying gaps in mental health service use amongst those with the greatest need, thereby guiding equitable healthcare delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present a case study of a universal health insurance scheme (Medicare) in Australia. We developed the equity indicator using three national datasets. Geographic areas were linked to an area-based socioeconomic deprivation quintile (Census 2016). Per geographic area, we estimated the number with a mental healthcare need using scores ≥30 on the Kessler-10 (Australian National Health Surveys 2015 and 2018), and obtained the number of services used, defined as mental health-related contacts with general practitioners and mental health professionals (Medicare administrative data 2015-2019). We divided the number of services by the population with an estimated mental healthcare need and averaged these use-rates across each socioeconomic deprivation quintile. The equity indicator is the ratio of the use-rates in the least versus most deprived quintiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Those estimated to have the greatest need for mental healthcare in 2019 ranged between 8.2% in the most disadvantaged area quintile (Q1) and 2.4% in the least (Q5), corresponding to a proportional increase of 27.7% in Q1 and 19.5% in Q5 since 2015. Equity-indicator-adjusted service rates of 4.2 (3.8-4.6) and 23.9 (22.4-25.4) showed that individuals with the highest need for care residing in Q1 areas received a stark 6 times fewer services compared to their Q5 counterparts, producing an equity indicator of 6.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As the global prevalence of common mental disorders may be increasing, it is crucial to calculate robust indicators evaluating the equity of mental health service use. In this Australian case study, we developed an equity indicator enabling the direct comparison of geographic areas with different need profiles. The results revealed striking inequities that persisted despite publicly-funded universal healthcare, recent service reforms and being a high-income country. This study demonstrates the importance and feasibility of generating such an indicator to inform and empower communities, healthcare providers and policymakers to pursue equitable service provision.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e70"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Fear of) SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychological distress: a population-based cohort study in southern Switzerland.","authors":"C Sculco, B Bano, G Piumatti, R Amati, C Barbui, L Crivelli, M Purgato, E Albanese","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>It is widely recognized that the COVID-19 pandemic exerted an impact on the mental health of the general population, but epidemiological evidence is surprisingly sparse. We aimed to explore the association between serologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and psychological distress - assessed by symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress - in the general adult population in southern Switzerland, a region widely affected by the pandemic. We also investigated whether this association varied over time and between pandemic waves from late 2020 through 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from 305 adults who participated in the Corona Immunitas Ticino prospective seroprevalence study in southern Switzerland, including results of the serological tests of SARS-CoV-2 infection collected in June 2021, and explored associations with depression, anxiety and stress scores as measured by the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale at three time points between December 2020 and August 2021, accounting for socio-demographic and health characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our sample, 84.3% of the participants (mean age of 51.30 years, SD = ±.93) were seronegative at baseline. Seropositive (i.e., infected) participants had a decreasing probability of being depressed and anxious through the COVID-19 pandemic waves compared to the seronegative (non-infected) participants. Further, seropositivity at baseline was also associated with more rapid decline in depressive, anxiety and stress symptomatology, and younger age and the presence of chronic diseases were independently associated with mild anxiety (OR = .97; <i>P</i> = 0.013; 95% CI = 0.95, 0.99; OR = 3.47; <i>P</i> = 0.001; 95% CI = 1.71, 7.04) and stress (OR = .96; <i>P</i> = 0.003; 95% CI = .94, .99; OR = 2.56; <i>P</i> = 0.010; 95% CI = 1.25, 5.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the MH consequences of the pandemic may not be due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection per se, but to fears associated with the risk of infection, and to the pandemic uncertainties.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":"33 ","pages":"e73"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}