Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The pain and mental health comorbidity.","authors":"Ketan Bhatt, Angela Cano Palomares, Liisa Jutila, Iben Rohde, Patrice Forget","doi":"10.1017/S204579602400057X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S204579602400057X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of the CSF3R polymorphism and early stress on future orientation: evidence for the differential model of stress-related growth.","authors":"Yiqun Gan, Lizhong Wang, Yidi Chen, Lei Zheng, Xiaoli Wu, Gang Chen, Yueqin Hu","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to explore the concept of future orientation, which encompasses individuals' thoughts about the future, goal-setting, planning, response to challenges and behavioural adjustments in evolving situations. Often viewed as a psychological resource, future orientation is believed to be developed from psychological resilience. The study investigates the curvilinear relationship between childhood maltreatment and future orientation while examining the moderating effects of genotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 14,675 Chinese adults self-reported their experiences of childhood maltreatment and their future orientation. The influence of genetic polymorphism was evaluated through genome-wide interaction studies (GWIS; genome-wide association study [GWAS] using gene × environment interaction) and a candidate genes approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both GWAS and candidate genes analyses consistently indicated that rs4498771 and its linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms, located in the intergenic area surrounding CSF3R, significantly interacted with early trauma to influence future orientation. Nonlinear regression analyses identified a quadratic or cubic association between future orientation and childhood maltreatment across some genotypes. Specifically, as levels of childhood maltreatment increased, future orientation declined for all genotypes. However, upon reaching a certain threshold, future orientation exhibited a rebound in individuals with specific genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that individuals with certain genotypes exhibit greater resilience to childhood maltreatment. Based on these results, we propose a new threshold model of stress-related growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of group problem management plus in distressed Syrian refugees in Türkiye: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"C Acarturk, G Kurt, Z İlkkurşun, A M de Graaff, R Bryant, P Cuijpers, D Fuhr, D McDaid, A L Park, M Sijbrandij, P Ventevogel, E Uygun","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Despite high levels of psychological distress, mental health service use among Syrian refugees in urban settings is low. To address the mental healthcare gap, the World Health Organization developed group problem management plus (gPM+), a scalable psychological intervention delivered by non-specialist peer facilitators. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gPM+ in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety among Syrian refugees in Istanbul, Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 368 distressed (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10 > 15) adult Syrian refugees with impaired functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, WHODAS 2.0 > 16). Participants were recruited between August 2019 and September 2020 through a non-governmental organization providing services to refugees. Participants were randomly allocated to gPM+ and enhanced care as usual (gPM+/E-CAU) (184 participants) or E-CAU only (184 participants). Primary outcomes were symptoms of depression and anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25)) at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5; PCL-5), functional impairment (WHODAS 2.0), and self-identified problems (psychological outcome profiles).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intent-to-treat analyses showed no significant effect of gPM+ on symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD and self-identified problems. Yet, there was a significant reduction in functional impairment in gPM+/E-CAU compared to E-CAU at 3-month follow-up (adjusted mean difference 1.66, 95 % CI 0.04, 3.27, <i>p</i> = 0.045, <i>d</i> = 0.19). Post-hoc subgroup analyses among participants with probable baseline depression or anxiety showed that there was a small but significant reduction in depression (adjusted mean difference -0.17, 95 % CI -0.32, -0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.028, <i>d</i> = 0.27) and anxiety (adjusted mean difference -0.21, 95 % CI -0.37, -0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.009, <i>d</i> = 0.30) symptoms comparing gPM+/E-CAU to E-CAU only at 1-week post assessment, but not at 3-month follow-up. There was a significant difference between conditions on functional impairment at 3-month follow-up, favouring gPM+/E-CAU condition (adjusted mean difference -1.98, 95 % CI -3.93, -0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.048, <i>d</i> = 0.26).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study in an urban setting in Türkiye, gPM+ did not alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety among Syrian refugees experiencing psychological distress and daily living difficulties. However, participants with higher distress at baseline seemed to benefit from gPM+, but treatment gains disappeared in the long term. Current findings highlight the potential benefit of tailored psychosocial interventions for highly distressed refugees in volatile low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let's talk about recovery in mental health: an international Delphi study of experts by experience.","authors":"E Guerrero, M Barrios, H M Sampietro, A Aza, J Gómez-Benito, G Guilera","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000490","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The concept of recovery is featured in the strategic plans of the World Health Organization as well as in other national mental health plans; however, there have been differing interpretations of what it means. This article aims to achieve a consensus on the key aspects of recovery in mental health from the perspective of movements of users and survivors of psychiatry at an international level. Four specific objectives were proposed in this study: (1) to identify what recovery in mental health means, (2) to identify the indicators that a person is progressing in their recovery, (3) to determine the factors that facilitate the recovery process, and (4) to determine the factors that hinder the recovery process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-round e-Delphi study was conducted with the participation of 101 users and survivors of psychiatry, adhering to the CREDES checklist to ensure methodological rigour.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results reveal 26 key aspects that define recovery, 31 indicating that a person is progressing in their recovery process, 8 that facilitate recovery and 12 that hinder recovery. The most agreed-upon statements for defining recovery highlight the importance of empowerment, leading a fulfilling life, ensuring safe-living conditions and acknowledging individuals as holders of rights. Similarly, empowerment and agency were highly agreed upon as relevant recovery indicators. Key findings underscore the significance of a supportive and respectful social environment in facilitating recovery, while coercion, discrimination and lack of support from significant others hinder recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite cultural differences and recovery's subjective nature, our results demonstrate that an international consensus on critical recovery aspects is attainable. Highlighting a significant shift, we emphasize the 'Transition' process to signify moving away from the biomedical model approach and advocating for collective rights. Our findings advocate for empowerment, users' rights and the move towards person-centred care that integrates social, political and economic contexts. These consensus statements lay the groundwork for future research across diverse regions and cultures, offering insights into recovery's meaning and potential for innovative approaches in diagnosis, intervention and evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive disorder and suicide: a longitudinal study in Taiwan.","authors":"Mu-Hong Chen, Tai-Long Pan, Chih-Ming Cheng, Wen-Han Chang, Ya-Mei Bai, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Shih-Jen Tsai","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000477","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S2045796024000477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Research evidence has established an association of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts. However, further investigation is required to determine whether individuals with OCD have higher risk of death by suicide compared with those without OCD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Of the entire Taiwanese population, between 2003 and 2017, 56,977 individuals with OCD were identified; they were then matched at a 1:4 ratio with 227,908 non-OCD individuals on the basis of their birth year and sex. Suicide mortality was assessed between 2003 and 2017 for both groups. Time-dependent Cox regression models were used to investigate the difference in suicide risk between individuals with versus without OCD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for major psychiatric comorbidities (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder), the OCD group had higher risk of suicide (hazard ratio: 1.97, 95% confidence interval: 1.57-2.48) during the follow-up compared with the comparison group. Furthermore, OCD severity, as indicated by psychiatric hospitalizations due to OCD, was positively correlated with suicide risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regardless of the existence of major psychiatric comorbidities, OCD was found to be an independent risk factor for death by suicide. A suicide prevention program specific to individuals with OCD may be developed in clinical practice in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outsider art in Croatia.","authors":"Daniela Bilopavlovic","doi":"10.1017/S2045796024000349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796024000349","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142282302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of partial restriction of access to means in jumping suicide: lessons from four bridges in three countries","authors":"Sangsoo Shin, Jane Pirkis, Angela Clapperton, Matthew Spittal, Lay San Too","doi":"10.1017/s2045796024000428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796024000428","url":null,"abstract":"Aims Restricting access to means by installing physical barriers has been shown to be the most effective intervention in preventing jumping suicides on bridges. However, little is known about the effectiveness of partial restriction with interventions that still allow jumping from the bridge. Methods This study used a quasi-experimental design. Public sites that met our inclusion criteria were identified using Google search and data on jumping suicides on Bridge A (South Korea), Bridges B and C (the United States) and Bridge D (Canada) were obtained from the relevant datasets. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using Poisson regressions comparing suicide numbers before and after the installation of physical structures at each site. Results Fences with sensor wires and spinning handrails installed above existing railings on the Bridge A, and fences at each side of the entrances and the midpoint of main suspension cables on the Bridge D were associated with significant reductions in suicides (IRR 0.37, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.26 <jats:italic>−</jats:italic> 0.54; 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 − 0.76). Installation of bird spike on the parapet on the Bridge B, and fences at the front of seating alcoves on the Bridge C were not associated with changes in suicides (1.21, 95% CI 0.88 − 1.68; 1.49, 95% CI 0.56 − 3.98). Conclusions Partial means restriction (such as fences with sensor wires and spinning bars at the top, and partial fencing at selected points) on bridges appears to be helpful in preventing suicide. Although these interventions are unlikely to be as effective as interventions that fully secure the bridge and completely prevent jumping, they might best be thought of as temporary solutions before more complete or permanent structures are implemented.","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-SSRI sexual dysfunction: barriers to quantifying incidence and prevalence","authors":"David Healy, Dee Mangin","doi":"10.1017/s2045796024000441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796024000441","url":null,"abstract":"While sexual dysfunction is a well-known side effect of taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), in an undetermined number of patients, sexual function does not return to pre-drug baseline after stopping SSRIs. The condition is known as post-SSRI sexual dysfunction (PSSD) and is characterised most commonly by genital numbness, pleasureless or weak orgasm, loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. This article provides a commentary on the incidence and prevalence of PSSD based on a combination of academic literature as well as clinical and research experience. A number of obstacles to quantifying the occurrence of PSSD are outlined including difficulty in designing a suitable study method. Other contextual obstacles include patient embarrassment at raising sexual concerns, the response of healthcare professionals, inability to stop an antidepressant due to withdrawal issues in a proportion of patients and patient unawareness that their sexual difficulties are linked to prior medication compounded by variability of online information and a lack of information aimed at public education. A definition of PSSD with diagnostic criteria has been published. A MedDRA code for PSSD has also been introduced, but this is yet to be adopted by regulators.","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Broken souls’ vs. ‘mad ax man’ – changes in the portrayal of depression and schizophrenia in the German media over 10 years","authors":"M. Sittner, T. Rechenberg, S. Speerforck, M.C Angermeyer, G. Schomerus","doi":"10.1017/s204579602400043x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s204579602400043x","url":null,"abstract":"Aims Population studies show the stigma of depression to diminish, while the stigma of schizophrenia increases. To find out whether this widening gap is reflected in the media portrayal of both disorders, this study compares the portrayal of depression and schizophrenia in German print media in 2010 vs. 2020. Methods We conducted a qualitative content analysis using a mixed deductive-inductive approach to establish a category system. In total, we analyzed 854 articles with the summative approach by Mayring. Results The study found a widening gap in the portrayal of schizophrenia and depression in German media between 2010 and 2020. Schizophrenia was depicted increasingly negative between 2010 and 2020, covering more negative stereotypes and focusing on its biological causes. Depression received increased attention and more neutral and professional coverage, with a greater emphasis on psychosocial causes and discussion of treatment options. Conclusions By showing a widening gap the study highlights how media may shape public views on mental illnesses and reflects public attitudes at the same time. Media analyses from other nations have shown similar trends. This emphasizes the need for responsible reporting to combat stigma and promote understanding worldwide. Therefore, the authors recommend a balanced coverage that includes accurate professional information about all mental illnesses.","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capturing the clinical complexity in young people presenting to primary mental health services: a data-driven approach","authors":"Caroline X. Gao, Nic Telford, Kate M. Filia, Jana M. Menssink, Sabina Albrecht, Patrick D. McGorry, Matthew Hamilton, Mengmeng Wang, Daniel Gan, Dominic Dwyer, Sophie Prober, Isabel Zbukvic, Myriam Ziou, Sue M. Cotton, Debra J. Rickwood","doi":"10.1017/s2045796024000386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796024000386","url":null,"abstract":"Aims The specific and multifaceted service needs of young people have driven the development of youth-specific integrated primary mental healthcare models, such as the internationally pioneering <jats:italic>headspace</jats:italic> services in Australia. Although these services were designed for early intervention, they often need to cater for young people with severe conditions and complex needs, creating challenges in service planning and resource allocation. There is, however, a lack of understanding and consensus on the definition of complexity in such clinical settings. Methods This retrospective study involved analysis of <jats:italic>headspace</jats:italic>’s clinical minimum data set from young people accessing services in Australia between 1 July 2018 and 30 June 2019. Based on consultations with experts, complexity factors were mapped from a range of demographic information, symptom severity, diagnoses, illness stage, primary presenting issues and service engagement patterns. Consensus clustering was used to identify complexity subgroups based on identified factors. Multinomial logistic regression was then used to evaluate whether these complexity subgroups were associated with other risk factors. Results A total of 81,622 episodes of care from 76,021 young people across 113 services were analysed. Around 20% of young people clustered into a ‘high complexity’ group, presenting with a variety of complexity factors, including severe disorders, a trauma history and psychosocial impairments. Two moderate complexity groups were identified representing ‘distress complexity’ and ‘psychosocial complexity’ (about 20% each). Compared with the ‘distress complexity’ group, young people in the ‘psychosocial complexity’ group presented with a higher proportion of education, employment and housing issues in addition to psychological distress, and had lower levels of service engagement. The distribution of complexity profiles also varied across different <jats:italic>headspace</jats:italic> services. Conclusions The proposed data-driven complexity model offers valuable insights for clinical planning and resource allocation. The identified groups highlight the importance of adopting a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to address the diverse factors contributing to clinical complexity. The large number of young people presenting with moderate-to-high complexity to <jats:italic>headspace</jats:italic> early intervention services emphasises the need for systemic change in youth mental healthcare to ensure the availability of appropriate and timely support for all young people.","PeriodicalId":11787,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}