Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Industrial Air Emissions and Breast Cancer Incidence in a United States-wide Prospective Cohort.","authors":"Jennifer L Ish, Jessica M Madrigal, John L Pearce, Alexander P Keil, Jared A Fisher, Rena R Jones, Dale P Sandler, Alexandra J White","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001837","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001837","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We evaluated air emissions of industrial compounds, many of which have carcinogenic or endocrine-disrupting properties, in relation to breast cancer incidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory, we quantified air emissions of 28 compounds near Sister Study participants' residences during the 10 years leading up to study enrollment (2003-2006; n = 46,150). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of residential emission levels of single pollutants with incident breast cancer. We assessed pollutant mixtures using an exposure continuum mapping (ECM) framework and characterized associations using a joint-exposure response function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-up (median = 13.4 years), we identified 4155 breast cancer cases. We observed nonmonotonic but elevated associations with breast cancer for emissions within 3 km of the residence for nickel compounds (HR quintile5vs.none = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.6) and trichloroethylene (HR quintile5vs.none = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.6). ECM identified 25 mixture profiles that explained 72% of the variance in emissions patterns, with most participants experiencing relatively low emissions profiles. The joint-exposure response function suggested that a higher incidence of breast cancer occurred among individuals with relatively rare, high emissions profiles; however, the overall trend was not associated with breast cancer ( P = 0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, breast cancer incidence was associated with air emissions of certain industrial carcinogens. Although the overall emissions mixture did not show a trend related to breast cancer, this may not reflect the importance of individual compounds or specific emissions sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"391-400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Public Health and Social Measures Under Rapid Changes in Population-level Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2: A Mathematical Modeling Study.","authors":"Sung-Mok Jung, Jaehun Jung, Justin Lessler","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001846","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Public health and social measures are crucial for controlling the spread of pathogens. However, well-tailored assessments of their impact remain elusive, particularly considering time-varying immunity established from prior exposures and its waning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a mathematical model to estimate the time-varying basic reproduction number, accounting for the dynamics of underlying immunity. Applying this framework, we retrospectively assessed the impact of public health and social measures implemented from November 2021 to April 2022 on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Korea and discussed potential biases from ignoring underlying immunity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our proposed model estimated a notable attenuation in the impact of public health on social measures on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Korea with the emergence of the Omicron variants while remaining effective throughout the Delta and Omicron periods. These changes during the Omicron period became evident only upon adjusting for underlying immunity and were correlated with observed human mobility patterns in Korea.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the importance of incorporating underlying immunity in evaluating public health and social measures, particularly in the presence of substantial changes over a short period, such as widespread infections or vaccination. This model would stand as a tool for informing public health planning, capable of mitigating the overall disease burden in future epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"334-343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thanks to Our Reviewers.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001850","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"436-437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Comparison of the Test-negative Design and Cohort Design With Explicit Target Trial Emulation for Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness.","authors":"Guilin Li, Hanna Gerlovin, Michael J Figueroa Muñiz, Jessica K Wise, Arin L Madenci, James M Robins, Mihaela Aslan, Kelly Cho, John Michael Gaziano, Marc Lipsitch, Juan P Casas, Miguel A Hernán, Barbra A Dickerman","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001830","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001830","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e11"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Leaving the House a Protective Factor Against Early Death?: Informing Interventions Demands More Specific Exposures.","authors":"Jonathan Yinhao Huang","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001847","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"306-309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quasi-experimental Study of General Practices' Referral to Mammography in the Posttrial Treatment Era.","authors":"Mette Lise Lousdal, Timothy L Lash, W Dana Flanders, M Alan Brookhart, Ivar Sønbø Kristiansen, Peter Vedsted, Henrik Støvring","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001841","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improvements in breast cancer therapy since the randomized controlled trials of mammography screening might have reduced the screening benefit. Most observational studies of mammography effectiveness would be confounded by these improvements and other factors. Using a design resistant to this confounding, we evaluated whether mammography in asymptomatic women reduces breast cancer mortality during the treatment era succeeding the trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a quasi-experimental cohort study in regions of Denmark without organized screening. We predicted the number of expected mammograms for each general practice based on observed numbers of mammograms and individual risk factors. Regardless of a woman's individual exposure to mammography, we assigned her the ratio of observed to expected mammograms of her general practice as her instrumental variable. We employed this potential instrumental variable as mammography exposure status and followed women from 1 January 2006 until death, emigration, or 31 December 2014, whichever came first.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 169,197 women aged 50-66 from 738 general practices and without previous breast cancer as of 1 January 2006. Women affiliated with a practice referring more women than expected, compared with less, had a lower hazard of breast cancer death (hazard ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.68, 0.95). Negative control associations were near null, suggesting no confounding bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This quasi-experimental study estimated a continued protective effect of mammography in women where most were presumably asymptomatic. In contrast to conventional observational studies, the use of practice referral ratio as an instrumental variable may avoid bias from uncontrolled confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori Eradication Treatments and Risk of Alzheimer Disease: A Case-Control Study Nested in the Finnish Population.","authors":"Emmi Keränen, Jaana Rysä, Miia Tiihonen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Anna-Maija Tolppanen","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001831","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) has been inconsistently associated with the risk of Alzheimer disease. The exposure assessment period has often overlapped with the prodromal time of Alzheimer disease. Cognitive disorders might increase vulnerability to infectious pathogens, complicating the ascertainment of the temporal relationship between H. pylori infection and Alzheimer disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Finnish nested case-control study included 70,520 persons with incident Alzheimer disease diagnosed between 2005 and 2011 and 281,233 age-, sex-, and region of residence-matched controls. We obtained information on comorbidities and drug use from the national healthcare registers. We identified dispensed H. pylori eradication treatments from the Prescription Register. We considered exposure at least 5 years before Alzheimer disease diagnosis in the main analysis. We compared the risk of Alzheimer disease between H. pylori eradication treatment users and nonusers using confounder-adjusted (comorbidities and other drug use) conditional logistic regression. We assessed cumulative exposure by calculating the number of eradication treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of exposure to H. pylori eradication treatment at least 5 years before the outcome was 4.1% in cases and 3.9% in controls. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) was 1.06 (1.02, 1.11) in the crude and 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) in the confounder-adjusted model. We observed no association between cumulative exposure and risk of Alzheimer disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results, reflecting diagnosed and treated H. pylori infection late in life, do not support the hypothesis of H. pylori as an independent risk factor for Alzheimer disease. The previously reported association may be explained by reverse association and confounding.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11957437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Latent Trait-based Measure as a Data Harmonization and Missing Data Solution Applied to the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort.","authors":"Emily A Knapp, Amii M Kress, Ronel Ghidey, Tyler J Gorham, Brendan Galdo, Stephen A Petrill, Izzuddin M Aris, Theresa M Bastain, Carlos A Camargo, Michael A Coccia, Nicholas Cragoe, Dana Dabelea, Anne L Dunlop, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Tina Hartert, Alison E Hipwell, Christine C Johnson, Margaret R Karagas, Kaja Z LeWinn, Luis Enrique Maldonado, Cindy T McEvoy, Hooman Mirzakhani, Thomas G O'Connor, T Michael O'Shea, Zhu Wang, Rosalind J Wright, Katherine Ziegler, Yeyi Zhu, Christopher W Bartlett, Bryan Lau","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001832","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collaborative research consortia provide an efficient method to increase sample size, enabling evaluation of subgroup heterogeneity and rare outcomes. In addition to missing data challenges faced by all cohort studies like nonresponse and attrition, collaborative studies have missing data due to differences in study design and measurement of the contributing studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extend ROSETTA, a latent variable method that creates common measures across datasets collecting the same latent constructs with only partial overlap in measures, to define a common measure of socioeconomic status (SES) across cohorts with varying indicators in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort, a consortium of pregnancy and pediatric cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Starting with 52 indicators of prenatal SES from 39,372 participants across 53 cohorts, ROSETTA created three factors representing key domains of SES: income and education, insurance and poverty, and unemployment. At least one factor score was available for 34,528 participants and two factors were available for more participants than any single indicator. Factors fit the data well, had content validity, and were correlated with alternative measures of SES (for income and education factor, r = 0.40-0.89). Higher SES as measured by the factor scores was associated with lower odds of prenatal smoking: odds ratio income and education : 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.38, 0.45). Missing data were reduced compared with most methods, except for multiple imputation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ROSETTA aids in pooled analysis of individual participant data by creating measures on a common scale and maximizing data in the presence of missing and mismatched measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"413-424"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Authors Respond.","authors":"Marco Piccininni, Mats Julius Stensrud","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001829","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediagnostic Exposures and Cancer Survival: Can a Meaningful Causal Estimand Be Specified?","authors":"Frances E M Albers, Margarita Moreno-Betancur, Roger L Milne, Dallas R English, Brigid M Lynch, S Ghazaleh Dashti","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001844","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001844","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"408-412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}