Acta Humana最新文献

{"title":"Könyvismertetés Lovászy László Lángoló szirmok, Historiae fragmenta: száz esztendő, harminchárom történet kötetéről","authors":"Katalin Szoboszlai-Kiss","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127277742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recenzió Ninette Kelley People Forced to Flee. History, Change and Challenge könyvéről","authors":"Zoltán Klenner","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"A kényszermigráció történetével átfogó módon foglalkozó nagyívű munka a menekültek helyzetére vonatkozó 1951 . évi genfi egyezmény aláírásának 70 . évfordulója alkalmából készült el, és a tavaly jelent meg az ENSZ Menekültügyi Főbiztosságának (UNHCR) támogatásával . Az 540 oldal terjedelmű könyv az Egyezmény aláírásának 50 . évfordulója alkalmából kiadott és magyarul is megjelent, Mark Cutts által szerkesztett A világ menekültjeinek helyzete. A humanitárius segítségnyújtás öt évtizede című kiadvány folytatásának és kiegészítésének tekinthető . Míg a megelőző kötet áttekintette a 20 . század második felében történt jelentősebb kényszervándorlást okozó eseményeit (menekültkérdés Európában a második világháború után, az afrikai gyarmati rendszer felszámolása, menekültek Dél-Ázsiában, kényszervándorlás a korábbi szovjet régióban, a fejlett ipari államok menekültügyi politikája), az új könyv nyomon követi a menekültügy történetét az ókortól kezdve egészen napjainkig, azaz a 2020-as évek elejéig . (Így az ukrajnai háború miatt bekövetkező, Európában a második világháború óta nem látott méretű menekülthullám kezelése még nem szerepel a könyvben .) Leírja, hogy a menekültek jogállásáról szóló 1951-es egyezmény hogyan nőtte ki a háború utáni Európát, és hogyan vált a menekültek védelmének globális, kötelező érvényű keretévé . A nemzetközi menekültügyi rezsim hatókörén túl áttekinti a belső menekültek problémáját, és a napjainkban egyre gyakrabban megjelenő, úgynevezett klímamenekültek kérdését . Megvizsgál továbbá olyan, a menedékjoggal összefüggő tárgyköröket, mint a kényszerű lakóhelyelhagyáshoz kapcsolódó humanitárius kihívások, valamint a menekültek számára nyújtott tartós megoldások, a menekültvédelem hosszú távú finanszírozásának kérdése . Nyomon követi továbbá a tömeges menekültválságot okozó, és súlyos emberi jogi visszaéléseket elkövető személyek, politikai és katonai vezetők büntetőjogi felelősségre vonása érdekében tett erőfeszítések bővülését . Az 1951 . évi genfi egyezmény létrejötte a második világháborút követő kényszervándorlásra, illetve a kommunista rendszerek megszilárdulására adott egyfajta „nyugati” válasz volt: kezdetben kifejezetten az európai menekültek helyzetének rendezésére hozták azt létre, és csak az 1951 . január 1-jét megelőzően","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128786083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A német párttörvény reformja","authors":"Anett Horváth, Milán Nagy","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"A pártok alaptörvényi szinten történő szabályozása nagy előrelépésként értékelhető, hiszen Németországban még a két világháború között is volt rá példa, hogy az alkotmányjogi irodalomban a pártokat „extrakonstitucionálisnak”, vagyis alkotmányon kívülinek bélyegezték, illetve A Német Birodalom Alkotmánya (Die Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs), ismertebb nevén a weimari alkotmányban még csak említés szintjén kaptak helyet a pártok, miszerint „a hivatalnokok a közösség, s nem egy párt szolgái”.","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123888018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A család értéke – általános értékválság idején","authors":"Barnabás Lenkovics","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Vallásháborúk, politikai harcok, erőszakos mozgalmi törekvések gerjesztik a gyűlöletet, a félelmet, a rettegést, holott ezekkel tartósan nem lehet együtt élni. Mégiscsak Hobbes-nakvolna igaza, „mindenki harca mindenki ellen” és az „ember embernek farkasa”? Ennyit érne több ezer év civilizációs fejlődése és eddig elért színvonala? Hol van ebben a jog, különösen az egyetemes érvényű alapvető szabadságok és az emberi jogok szerepe és felelőssége?","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130820336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 30 éves szlovák Alkotmánybíróság hatáskörei és szervezete","authors":"Ľuboš Szigeti","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Jelen írás bemutatja a szlovák alkotmánybíráskodás előzményeit, valamint a mai Szlovák Köztársaság alkotmánybíróságának megalakulását, hatásköreit és szerkezetét. Részletesen ismerteti a szlovák alkotmány védelmét szolgáló öt alkotmánybírósági jogkört, úgymint az alkotmányosság absztrakt norma-, vagyis szabálykontrollja; az alkotmányosság konkrét, vagyis egyéni kontrollja az úgynevezett egyéni beadványok kapcsán; az alkotmány és alkotmányos törvények (sarkalatos törvények) értelmezése és magyarázata; a demokratikus államhatalmi formához kapcsolódó döntésbéli jogköre; valamint döntésbéli jogköre a hatásköri összeütközés oldásában.","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121689933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential and Limitations of the Treatment of Caste Discrimination in International Human Rights Law","authors":"Asang Wankhede","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper critically evaluates all the developments that lead to the making of caste discrimination an issue in international human rights law (IHRL) – both as racial discrimination and as an issue of the minority rights regime. It explores the reasons why such developments and the politics of it have proven to be insufficient in cause and totality in addressing the rampant abuses of the human rights of Dalits. While focusing on the obvious limitations of the minority rights regime in including Dalits as a minority, it weighs the limitations and the potential of the existing IHRL corpus in addressing caste discrimination. The paper will first outline the genealogy of caste discrimination in IHRL, which will provide a descriptive account of all the developments. I identify the treatment of caste in terms of a “violating norm” and as a “violation sub-category”. Then the paper seeks to engage with the theory on the limitations and critiques of IHRL, to argue that there are theoretical and legal-doctrinal fault lines in the conception of caste discrimination as a sub-set of descent-based racial discrimination both normatively and interpretatively. To support this argument the paper explores reasons for the failure of IHRL in critical legal thought – which outline the triumph of cultural and social pressures in the society over the language of IHRL. Following this, a novel attempt is made to develop the concept of “cultures of oppression” as a central theme in imagining a “Dalit critique of IHRL” which in my opinion is not only a normative contribution to the critical discourses in reimagining IHRL which is more responsive to the problems of Dalits, but also provides a new outlook for human rights movements to combat caste discrimination.","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115364684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poland and the Local Poles in the Free City of Danzig between the two World Wars","authors":"R. Somogyi","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Free City of Danzig was one of the peculiar European regions in the period between the two World Wars under the administration of the League of Nations. This was the present-day area of the city of Gdańsk and its vicinity. Danzig had a special legal status. This study attempts to capture one of the specific aspects of this complex issue – the relationship between local administration and the local Poles, and the Polish state agencies. Through the presentation and analysis of the situation of this “city” of special status, the reader may obtain an insight into the procedures of one of the first transitory crisis management operations of the international community and into the life of the minority population.","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133106791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ohrid Framework Agreement and International Law: Twenty Years of Development","authors":"Nikola Donev","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The Balkans can be described as a laboratory of modernity, especially when it comes to the form of multicultural life in the communities. The modern nation states that formed from the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s were faced on the one hand with a “need” to establish a state for the majority dominant ethnic group, and on the other hand to reconcile the multicultural reality of their societies and accommodate for the rights of minorities. This paper will focus on the constitutional and legal implications that followed the signing of the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA). It will also give an overview of the contents of the OFA and subsequent legislation juxtaposing it to international standards prescribed by documents such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities of the Council of Europe. In the context of this legal analysis, the paper will examine the developing political environment through analysing certain dynamics in the political system focusing on parliament and political parties. It will also follow the discourse and popular support of the agreement and its effects on the internal and external stability of North Macedonia.","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116934326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence: Is the European Court of Human Rights Prepared?","authors":"Melinda Szappanyos","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely known that artificial intelligence is part of our lives. It is also generally feared that artificial intelligence has a potential to endanger human rights in this digital age. The paper intends to examine whether the European Court of Human Rights, dedicated to protecting human rights in Europe, has been forced to deal with artificial intelligence. The main focus of the analysis is the case law of the Court: after the identification of the human rights potentially in danger, the database of the Court’s case law, HUDOC, has been screened by keyword search. Based on the examination of the jurisprudence, the paper will disclose if the Court has artificial intelligencerelated cases and attempts to predict whether it ever will.","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116464216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Logic of Regionalisation in Minority Studies","authors":"F. Korpics","doi":"10.32566/ah.2023.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32566/ah.2023.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to highlight why the logic of regionalisation can be applied in minority studies. Overall, the introduction of a regionalised structure benefits minority groups in a country, simply because through decentralisation their voices can be better heard. Two components constitute regionalisation: the strengthening of regional identities within the population, and the political will of the central state to enhance effectivity in public administration. Regionalisation is a concept based on the rediscovery of the necessity of territorial management which is slowly returning to public administration structures all over Europe, but especially in Spain, Italy and France. These three countries are represented in this paper as examples of countries where the status of minorities can be examined through the analysis of the regionalisation process introduced there.","PeriodicalId":117674,"journal":{"name":"Acta Humana","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133396905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}