Energy Storage最新文献_第6页

Engineering Polypyrrole With Varying Concentration of Zinc Molybdate for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials 变浓度钼酸锌工程聚吡咯作超级电容器电极材料

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70448

Batistalang Myrthong, Ram Bilash Choudhary

{"title":"Engineering Polypyrrole With Varying Concentration of Zinc Molybdate for Supercapacitor Electrode Materials","authors":"Batistalang Myrthong, Ram Bilash Choudhary","doi":"10.1002/est2.70448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conducting polymer-bimetallic oxide composites have emerged as promising electrode materials due to their exceptional electrochemical performance for energy storage supercapacitor applications. In this work, we report the synthesis of ZnMoO<sub>4</sub>, PPy, and PPy/ZnMoO<sub>4</sub> via hydrothermal and in situ chemical oxidative polymerization methods. PPy/ZnMoO<sub>4</sub> composites are prepared by varying (2.5 to 15 wt%) of ZnMoO<sub>4</sub> content by weight of pyrrole monomer. XRD, FTIR, FESSEM, HRTEM, XPS, BET, and electrochemical analysis were employed to investigate the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the electrode materials. It was found that the optimized PPy/ZnMoO<sub>4</sub> (PZ-5) composite delivered the highest specific capacitance of 272.5 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> with a capacitance retention of 96.9% after 2000 cycles at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The fabricated symmetric system supercapacitor achieved a specific capacitance of 144.5 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup> and retained 95.2% of its initial capacitance after 2000 cycles, demonstrating remarkable cyclic stability. The symmetric supercapacitor also exhibited a high energy density of 12.8 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 1594.3 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. This work highlights the effects of incorporating ZnMoO<sub>4</sub> into PPy for enhancing capacitance and offering a feasible approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of the PPy-based electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the Safety Evolution of Aging Large-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries 老化大容量锂离子电池安全演化量化研究

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70437

Yang Li, Shuangyang Huang, Jianli Kang, Chuang Qi

{"title":"Quantifying the Safety Evolution of Aging Large-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Yang Li, Shuangyang Huang, Jianli Kang, Chuang Qi","doi":"10.1002/est2.70437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70437","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During long-term operation, lithium-ion batteries inevitably experience multidimensional aging, and these degradation processes markedly alter their safety responses under extreme conditions. To systematically elucidate the influence of aging on the thermal runaway characteristics of large-capacity cells, this study quantitatively analyzes their safety behavior from three perspectives: temperature response, gas generation, and explosion limits. The results show that as aging severity increases, the onset temperature of thermal runaway decreases, the peak temperature rises, the total gas generation increases significantly, and the explosion limit range of the evolved gas mixture narrows, making the system more prone to entering flammable regions. Hazard analysis further indicates that the most pronounced safety degradation occurs in the Fresh–90% state of health (SOH) interval, with a much steeper decline compared with the subsequent 90%–80% SOH stage, suggesting that early-stage aging contributes the highest increase in risk. Finally, this study establishes a multidimensional evaluation framework for assessing the thermal-runaway-related hazards of aged batteries, providing a scientific and effective basis for safety assessment and risk determination of end-of-life cells.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical Design of Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Polyaniline–Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications 超级电容器用还原氧化石墨烯负载聚苯胺-金属氧化物纳米复合材料的电化学设计

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70449

Khursheed Ahmad Parrey, Rukiye Ayranci, Hyosung Choi, Metin Ak

{"title":"Electrochemical Design of Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Polyaniline–Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Supercapacitor Applications","authors":"Khursheed Ahmad Parrey, Rukiye Ayranci, Hyosung Choi, Metin Ak","doi":"10.1002/est2.70449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70449","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hybrid nanocomposites that integrate conducting polymers, metal oxides, and carbon frameworks offer a promising strategy for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. In this work, reduced graphene oxide–supported polyaniline/metal oxide (ZnO, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanocomposites were prepared and systematically investigated. The surface morphology, chemical composition, and structural and optical properties of the synthesized composites were systematically investigated using FE-SEM/EDX, AFM, UV–vis spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. Electrochemical performance was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, revealing typical pseudocapacitive behavior arising from synergistic faradaic contributions of PANI and metal oxides. Among the electrodes studied, rGO-supported PANI/ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite exhibited the best performance, delivering a competitive gravimetric specific capacitance of 294.13 F g<sup>−1</sup>, an energy density of 163.5 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>, and a power density of 3658.5 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, along with a capacitance retention of about 81% after 2000 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. The superior performance is attributed to the combined effects of improved conductivity from rGO, enhanced redox activity from the bimetal oxide, and reduced charge-transfer resistance, as confirmed by impedance analysis. These results demonstrate the combined interaction among rGO, PANI, and metal oxide nanoparticles, highlighting rGO-supported PANI/metal oxide composites as a highly promising platform for the development of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Investigation of Melting in a Hemi-Hexagonal Cavity Filled With Paraffin Wax: Effect of an Air Bubble at Different Locations on Heat Transfer and Energy Storage 半六方石蜡填充腔内熔化的数值研究：不同位置气泡对传热和储能的影响

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-23 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70452

Abbas Fadhil Khalaf, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi, Atef Chibani

{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Melting in a Hemi-Hexagonal Cavity Filled With Paraffin Wax: Effect of an Air Bubble at Different Locations on Heat Transfer and Energy Storage","authors":"Abbas Fadhil Khalaf, Farhan Lafta Rashid, Mudhar A. Al-Obaidi, Atef Chibani","doi":"10.1002/est2.70452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70452","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phase change materials (PCMs) have high thermal energy storage (TES) density but are limited by low thermal conductivity and slow melting rates, not allowing them to be practically used in a larger scope. This is a numerical experiment to examine how an air bubble at five different positions (no bubble, bottom, middle, right, and top) influences the melting process and heat transfer efficiency of paraffin wax (RT42) in a hemi-hexagonal cell. The continuity, momentum, and energy equations are solved using a two-dimensional, unsteady, laminar, incompressible flow model with an enthalpy-porosity formulation (mushy zone constant C = 10<sup>5</sup>). The results indicate that the bottom bubble geometry has the largest melting fraction (around 0.35) at 10 min because of the improved natural convection and disruption of the boundary layers. Nevertheless, the best bubble case is most effective (melting fraction of approximately 0.85) by 30 min, since it provides free circulation of hot liquid PCM under the bubble without hindering the heated wall. The bubble-free case has the slowest total melting (~0.65 at 30 min), which supports the idea that a strategically positioned air bubble can enhance phase change even though it has a low thermal conductivity. The central bubble location also gives the best homogeneous temperature distribution and has two recirculation regions, and the right bubble synthesizes asymmetric melting and a permanent cool region. Accordingly, the bubble position does not maximize all the melting phases; the bottom position maximizes early melting, the top position maximizes later melting, and the middle position provides a predictable intermediate behavior. The adaptive or multiple bubble strategies should be taken into account in future designs to ensure maximum energy storage efficiency during the entire melting period.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Architecting Hollow MnS/CNT Hybrid Composites for Ultra-High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors 构建用于超高性能非对称超级电容器的中空MnS/CNT混合复合材料

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70451

A. Tamilselvan, Roshini Arulraj, Manab Kundu

{"title":"Architecting Hollow MnS/CNT Hybrid Composites for Ultra-High Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors","authors":"A. Tamilselvan, Roshini Arulraj, Manab Kundu","doi":"10.1002/est2.70451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70451","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of high-performance supercapacitors has accelerated interest in advanced materials with enhanced energy density, power output, and long cycle life. Among emerging architectures, hollow structures are particularly attractive due to their very high active surface area, rich redox-active sites, and ability to buffer volume changes during charge/discharge process. In this work, we report the synthesis of hollow MnS/carbon nanotube (MnS/CNT) composites via a one-pot hydrothermal synthesis. The integration of MnS having multiple redox states and high capacitance with conductive CNTs enables a synergistic architecture that enhances ion/electron transport and structural robustness. The resulting hollow MnS/CNT composite demonstrates a 3.15-fold improvement in specific capacitance (1225 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 A g<sup>−1</sup>) compared to pristine MnS (388.5 F g<sup>−1</sup>). An asymmetric supercapacitor fabricated with MnS/CNT as cathode and activated carbon as anode exhibits a high energy density of 41.34 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 3825.8 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, and sustains 13.02 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a power density of 18027.69 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. The asymmetric supercapacitor device also achieves 83% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles, confirming excellent electrochemical stability. The observed superior electrochemical performance is ascribed to the hollow MnS framework, which facilitates ion diffusion and accommodates structural stress, and the CNT network, which ensures efficient charge transport. This work highlights a scalable strategy for designing high-efficiency electrode materials and positions hollow MnS/CNT composites as promising candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Reliable and Explainable Ensemble Framework for Lithium-Ion Battery Charge Estimation 一个可靠且可解释的锂离子电池电量估算集成框架

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-19 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70450

Burçak Asal, Saadin Oyucu, Ahmet Aksöz, Faruk Kurker, Ismail Bozkurt, Emre Biçer

{"title":"A Reliable and Explainable Ensemble Framework for Lithium-Ion Battery Charge Estimation","authors":"Burçak Asal, Saadin Oyucu, Ahmet Aksöz, Faruk Kurker, Ismail Bozkurt, Emre Biçer","doi":"10.1002/est2.70450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70450","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Li-ion batteries are used in many electronic devices due to their advantages such as high charge capacities, convenient charging times, and long life. Furthermore, Li-ion batteries are especially preferred for long range in electric vehicles. With the widespread use of electric vehicles, State of Charge (SoC) estimation, which is one of the most important components of battery management systems, is becoming increasingly important. This study proposes an interpretable and robust framework for SoC estimation of Li-ion batteries using ensemble learning and explainable artificial intelligence techniques. A Voting Regression (VR) approach is developed by combining Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GB) models under both uniform and weighted configurations. The weighted VR model is particularly designed to leverage the strengths of high-performing estimators by assigning greater importance to stronger models. Experiments are conducted on a discharge subset of the NASA Battery Dataset, using voltage, current, temperature, and load-related features. The results show that the Random Forest model achieves the highest prediction accuracy, with an RMSE of 0.874, MAE of 0.605, and <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.999, while the proposed weighted VR model provides competitive performance with improved robustness and flexibility. To enhance interpretability, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) are also utilized to analyze feature contributions. The analysis reveals that voltage-related features are the dominant factors influencing SoC estimation, while temperature plays a secondary role and current-related features have minimal impact. Overall, the study highlights the effectiveness of ensemble learning combined with explainable AI for providing accurate and interpretable SoC estimating for battery management applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-Period Optimal Power Flow of Thermal–Wind Systems With Battery Storage and Static Synchronous Compensator Under High Electric Vehicle Charging Demand and Contingency Conditions 高电动汽车充电需求和应急条件下具有蓄电池储能和静态同步补偿的热风系统多周期最优潮流

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70447

Dhiman Banerjee, Provas Kumar Roy, Goutam Kumar Panda

{"title":"Multi-Period Optimal Power Flow of Thermal–Wind Systems With Battery Storage and Static Synchronous Compensator Under High Electric Vehicle Charging Demand and Contingency Conditions","authors":"Dhiman Banerjee, Provas Kumar Roy, Goutam Kumar Panda","doi":"10.1002/est2.70447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70447","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper develops a contingency-based multi-period optimal power flow (MP-OPF) problem for a thermal–wind–battery energy storage system (BESS) under peak plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging load. Different case studies are considered to assess the effect of peak PHEV charging, wind uncertainty, energy storage, contingency issues, and FACTS support on the power system. A BESS model is presented that implements state-of-charge continuity, charging–discharging dynamics, and time-coupled operational constraints to ensure reliable energy management across the scheduling horizon. Furthermore, a STATCOM is strategically placed and configured with optimal control parameters to enhance voltage and reactive power support under stressed operating conditions. A quasi-oppositional birds-of-prey–based optimization (QOBPBO) algorithm is used to solve the highly nonconvex and complicated MP-OPF problem. Quasi-oppositional learning enhances QOBPBO's exploration, leading to better solution quality and a more robust convergence profile. The proposed methodology is examined on the IEEE 57-bus benchmark system under normal and contingency operation. The simulation results indicate that the combined operation of wind and BESS substantially reduces peak-hour system stress due to PHEV charging load, decreases thermal generation dependence, and improves operational security during line outages. Furthermore, incorporating STATCOM lowers generation costs by improving voltage regulation and reducing transmission losses. The simulation results confirm that the suggested algorithm delivers higher-quality, more robust solutions that are also computationally more efficient than the sophisticated methods employed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen Storage Performance of MgH2 Using MXene-Vanadium Nanocomposite Catalysts mxene -钒纳米复合催化剂对MgH2储氢性能的影响

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70444

Madhu Yadav, Satya Narayan Dolia, Chhagan Lal

引用次数: 0

Multi-Objective Multi-Period Optimal Operation of a Microgrid With Renewable Resources and Energy Storage 具有可再生资源和储能的微电网多目标多周期优化运行

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70446

Riyad A. Khashashneh, Muwaffaq I. Alomoush

{"title":"Multi-Objective Multi-Period Optimal Operation of a Microgrid With Renewable Resources and Energy Storage","authors":"Riyad A. Khashashneh, Muwaffaq I. Alomoush","doi":"10.1002/est2.70446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70446","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents the multi-objective economic-emission dispatch problem of a microgrid (MG) system comprising various types of distributed generation. The proposed MG includes a fuel cell (FC), a micro-gas turbine (MT), renewable energy resources-specifically, a wind turbine (WT) unit and a photovoltaic (PV) unit—and a battery energy storage system to enhance the independence of the MG from the main utility grid. Several operational scenarios are analyzed based on the MG's operating modes and the allowable generation levels from renewable sources. A teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is employed to manage and optimize the operation of the distributed energy resources within the MG system. The multi-objective problem is addressed using a scalarized weighted metric approach, converting it into a single-objective function through compromise programming. Additionally, the multi-objective feasibility enhanced particle swarm optimization (MOFEPSO) algorithm is applied to further evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategy. The best solution is selected from the available Pareto-optimal solutions using the fuzzy satisfying method. Several optimization algorithms are investigated for comparison. The impact of utility-grid emissions is presented in the paper, and a comparative study for all operating scenarios is also conducted. In addition, an initial state of charge (SOC) sensitivity analysis is presented to show its impact on cost and emission, as well as on multi-objective cost–emission optimization problems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiphysics Simulation of PV System Integrated With PCM and Polycarbonated Wall Container 聚碳酸酯壁箱与PCM集成光伏系统的多物理场仿真

IF 4

Energy Storage Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/est2.70441

Yalda Majedi, Mahmood Golzarian, Mohammad Masoudi, Navid Ramezanian

{"title":"Multiphysics Simulation of PV System Integrated With PCM and Polycarbonated Wall Container","authors":"Yalda Majedi, Mahmood Golzarian, Mohammad Masoudi, Navid Ramezanian","doi":"10.1002/est2.70441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/est2.70441","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solar energy is a promising renewable resource for various applications. However, the elevated temperature of crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) modules can significantly reduce their electrical efficiency and lifespan. In this study, PV, PV/PCM, and PV/PCM-Fin systems incorporating two grades of paraffin as phase change materials (PCM) were modeled using the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics. A key innovation of this work is the integration of polycarbonate walls around the PCM container, combined with two PCM grades and systematic fin-number optimization under two distinct climate conditions. The results showed that the average temperature reduction in PV/PCM and PV/PCM-Fin systems compared to conventional PV modules was 3.81–4.68 K and 4.65–6.31 K, respectively. The presence of polycarbonate walls enhanced thermal insulation, resulting in peak temperature reductions of 3.5–4 K, which were approximately 1.5 times greater than in systems without walls. These configurations delayed the temperature rise of PV cells by 1–2.5 h and improved electrical efficiency by 0.485% and 0.496% for each degree of temperature decrease, respectively, so for 6 h of effective solar radiation during the day (Peak Sun Hours), electrical efficiency can be increased by 2.5%. Additionally, the PV/PCM-Fin system demonstrated faster melting (30 min earlier), higher paraffin temperature, and greater stored energy (437.3 kJ vs. 431.6 kJ), confirming its superior thermal performance. However, the optimal number of fins depends on regional climate, and their use may not always be economical. Finally, experimental comparisons confirmed COMSOL's reliability in simulating complex PV/PCM systems and assessing their performance under realistic conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11765,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148282400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0