Social & Personality Psychology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"A Decentralised Digital Identity Architecture","authors":"Geoffrey Goodell, T. Aste","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3342238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3342238","url":null,"abstract":"Current architectures to validate, certify, and manage identity are based on centralised, top-down approaches that rely on trusted authorities and third-party operators. We approach the problem of digital identity starting from a human rights perspective, asserting that individual persons must be allowed to manage their personal information in a multitude of different ways in different contexts and that to do so, each individual must be able to create multiple unrelated identities. Therefore, we first define a set of fundamental constraints that digital identity systems must satisfy to preserve and promote human rights. With these constraints in mind, we then propose a decentralised, standards-based approach, using a combination of distributed ledger technology and thoughtful regulation, to facilitate many-to-many relationships among providers of key services. Our proposal for digital identity differs from others in its approach to trust: by avoiding centralisation and the imposition of trust from the top down, we can encourage individuals and organisations to embrace the system and share in its benefits.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128663511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Psychological Biases on Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi): The Case of Turkish Investors in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Ali, Jale S. Oran","doi":"10.23892/JRB.2019.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23892/JRB.2019.25","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to assess whether there is a behavioral bias of Turkish FDI investors in Ethiopia. Besides, it addresses the influence of firm size, investment duration, target customers and amount of investment on the behavioral variables. In order to do so, a survey was conducted on a sample of Turkish FDI investors in Ethiopia which tries to examine their cognitive psychological factors towards their investment decisions. The survey result was analyzed using factor analysis. The statistical findings confirm that some psychological anomalies such as representativeness, herding, regret aversion and mental accounting have been observed on Turkish FDI investors. The regression analysis shows that amount of investment of the firms significantly and positively affects herding, representativeness, regret aversion and mental accounting behaviors. Furthermore, duration of investment in Ethiopia affects their representativeness and mental accounting behavioral biases of investors positively.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129109010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Self-Promotion: Understanding the Female Modesty Constraint","authors":"Julio Mancuso Tradenta, Ananta Neelim, Joseph Vecci","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3039233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3039233","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals often need to self-promote for professional recognition and career success. In this paper, we investigate the existence of a gender gap in self-promotion and its causal link with modesty norms. Using a novel experiment, we show that women are significantly less likely to self-promote relative to men. We establish that the difference in behaviour across gender is determined by women’s social-image concerns of being perceived as immodest and not because of an underlying preference for modesty. We find that the provision of a justification to self-promote has two important consequences: (i) it leads to an increase in self-promotion by women and, (ii) contributes to a reduction in the gender gap in self-promotion behaviour.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123050644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Welfare and Human Ethics: A Personality Study","authors":"Konstanze Albrecht, Florentin Krämer, Nora Szech","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3033615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3033615","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit the long-standing question whether there is a relation between animal welfare and human ethics. Therefore, we elicit concern for animal welfare in an incentivized, direct, and real setup: Subjects choose between intensive farming versus organic living conditions for a hen. Guaranteeing organic living conditions is costly, but implies organic feed, access to daylight, and more space. We compare the interest in animal welfare with morally relevant dispositions in subjects, relying on well-established measures such as Machiavellianism scores and the Big 5 personality test. The data confirm a strong, positive relation between caring for animal welfare and moral dispositions.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Educational Computer Animation Based on Human Personality Types","authors":"S. Musa, R. Ziatdinov, Omer Faruk Sozcu, Carol Griffiths","doi":"10.13187/ejced.2015.11.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2015.11.52","url":null,"abstract":"Computer animation in the past decade has become one of the most noticeable features of technology-based learning environments. By its definition, it refers to simulated motion pictures showing movement of drawn objects, and is often defined as the art in movement. Its educational application known as educational computer animation is considered to be one of the most elegant ways for preparing materials for teaching, and its importance in assisting learners to process, understand and remember information efficiently has vastly grown since the advent of powerful graphics-oriented computers era. Based on theories and facts of psychology, colour science, computer animation, geometric modelling and technical aesthetics, this study intends to establish an inter-disciplinary area of research towards a greater educational effectiveness. With today's high educational demands as well as the lack of time provided for certain courses, classical educational methods have shown deficiencies in keeping up with the drastic changes observed in the digital era. Generally speaking, without taking into account various significant factors as, for instance, gender, age, level of interest and memory level, educational animations may turn out to be insufficient for learners or fail to meet their needs. Though, we have noticed that the applications of animation for education have been given only inadequate attention, and students' personality types of temperaments (sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, etc.) have never been taken into account. We suggest there is an interesting relationship here, and propose essential factors in creating educational animations based on students' personality types. Particularly, we study how information in computer animation may be presented in a more preferable way based on font types and their families, colours and colour schemes, emphasizing texts, shapes of characters designed by planar quadratic Bernstein-Bezier curves. The study has found out that both cholericmelancholic and phlegmatic-sanguine gained the lowest and the highest percentages in selection of different colour groups as cool, warm, and achromatic. We have experimentally confirmed the theory of Nabiyev & Ziatdinov (2014) which reports that planar quadratic Bernstein-Bezier curves with monotonic curvature function may be not aesthetic. Finally, based on the survey results, we have clarified how school students understand the fundamental principles of computer animation. We look forward that this study is likely to have wide benefits in the field of education. Developing educational materials with the aid of obtained empirical results, while considering the personality types of students' temperament, seems to be a promising avenue to improve, enrich and deepen the learning process in order to achieve its maximum effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127663933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Socialization Effort and the Intergenerational Transmission of Risk Preferences","authors":"Sule Alan, N. Baydar, Teodora Boneva, Seda Ertac, Thomas F. Crossley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2566409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2566409","url":null,"abstract":"We study the transmission of risk attitudes in a unique survey of mothers and children in which both participated in an incentivized risk preference elicitation task. We document that risk preferences are correlated between mothers and children when the children are just 7 to 8 years old. This correlation is only present for daughters. We show that a measure of parental involvement is a strong moderator of the association between mothers’ and daughters’ risk tolerance. These findings support a role for socialization in the intergenerational transmission of preferences that predict economic behaviour.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134440018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Sales Agents in Achieving Service Quality of Life Insurance in Bhutan","authors":"Sabita Lama","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3538134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3538134","url":null,"abstract":"A dramatic process and evolution of marketing diverted its attention from the focus of products to services. Each country by its own standards tried to move in pace with this new development. Bhutan too has been through this phase and is trying to cater to the demands of customers through service quality. Selling of life insurance business in Bhutan started in 1975 with the establishment of RICBL. It has ever since been the only provider of this service in the country. Over the period of time RICBL has positioned its spotlight on marketing and recruitment of sales agents with the best of intentions to capture the untapped market and benefit the society at large. <br><br>This research thesis is written and focused on service quality of life insurance. The area of expectation and perception of service quality from both the customers who are serviced by sales agents as well as those who have availed life insurance policy through the employees have been explored. Also, the research aims to find the value added of sales agents in RICBL. The views of the management, sales agents and employees on perception of customer’s expectation have been taken to verify if they are in line with what customers actually expect. SERVQUAL model, which is a highly recognized method of evaluating service quality, has been used to measure these gaps. <br>The survey involved 100 respondents; 50 each serviced by sales agents and employees from Thimphu region that falls in the jurisdiction of the Head Office of RICBL. The respondents were randomly selected to be surveyed between the timeframe June to July, 2014. STATA was used to generate the findings and interpretation was made through the use of pie charts, bar diagrams and tables through excel. Here gap scores have been computed by finding the difference between perception and expectation of the respondents by using Gap 1 of the service quality model. The findings showed that the overall gap scores were negative for both the categories of customers except for Tangible dimension dealing with the physical aspects of service quality dimension. Through the findings, it was indicated that employees performed slightly better compared to sales agents although the gaps were both comparatively large. <br><br>The gap between the expectations of customers with the view of management, sales agents and employees on dimensions of service quality was measured through Gap 5 of the service quality model. These areas of gaps discovered through the Gap 1 and Gap 5 have been discussed and recommendations proposed.<br><br>It was found out that there was a negative gap in the findings of the study. It is recommended that service quality should be improved for meeting the customer’s expectations as well to face new challenges that will arise in the coming future from new competitors. <br>","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131622249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Identity Fusion on Patriotic Consumption: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Korea and the U.S.","authors":"J. Yoo, W. Swann, K. Kim","doi":"10.14377/kja.2014.7.15.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14377/kja.2014.7.15.81","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes that there is a significant relationship between identity fusion with a country and patriotic consumption behaviors, and individuals’ cultural backgrounds play an important role in this relationship. To test this idea, this study focuses on fused persons and explored how these persons reacted to advertising that contained patriotic messages. Further, to uncover possible cross-cultural differences in individuals responding to those patriotic ad messages depending on their fusion level, this study explores and compares people from two different cultural contexts; Korea vs. the United States. The results demonstrated that fused persons in both countries increased their willingness to be patriotic consumers by showing a high consumer ethnocentric tendency and favorable responses to patriotic advertising while such influences of identity fusion on patriotic consumption behaviors are stronger in the collectivistic country (i.e., Korea) than in the individualistic country (i.e., the U.S.). Additionally, the findings of study suggest that fusion can be a more influential factor to predict consumers’ patriotic consumption behaviors than identification.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128355109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Indirect Reciprocity Undermined by Noise in Social Dilemmas? A Psychological Approach to Reputation","authors":"A. Klapwijk, P. V. van Lange, Christopher P. Reinders Folmer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3822755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3822755","url":null,"abstract":"Why do people engage in costly cooperation with unknown others that they will never meet again? Answers to this evolutionary puzzle emphasize the role of indirect reciprocity (i.e., cooperation through reputation), whereby cooperation is not reciprocated by the recipient but by other members of the society. The present research examines whether the effect of indirect reciprocity may be substantially smaller in situations challenged by negative noise – when actual or perceived behavior is less cooperative than intended. Consistent with hypotheses, results revealed that the positive effects of reputation on cooperation and impressions of the partner observed under noise-free conditions, were completely eliminated under conditions of negative noise. These findings indicate that the positive effects of indirect reciprocity may not generalize to realistic, noisy circumstances, suggesting that indirect reciprocity is not the only answer to “why people cooperate with strangers”.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127814860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust","authors":"K. Davis, Howard Gardner","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_305384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_305384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126184426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}