Social & Personality Psychology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Pandemic Politics: COVID-19 as a New Type of Political Emergency","authors":"Udi Sommer, Or Rappel-Kroyzer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3945046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3945046","url":null,"abstract":"Does a state of emergency necessarily contract human behavior? In times of security crises, for instance, citizens overcome their divides. Our analysis explores the relationship between county-level partisanship in the United States during COVID-19 and mobility. We provide an original theoretical analysis to distinguish pandemic politics from politics in times of emergency as we had known them. Our framework helps reconcile previous contradictory findings about this type of emergency politics. Such a frame is needed as it has been a century since the last major global pandemic, and since Coronavirus may not be the last. There are five reasons to distinguish COVID-19 from previously familiar types of emergency politics: psychological, national sentiments, policy-, elite-, and time-related. Our extensive mobility bigdata (462,115 county*days from March-August 2020) are uniquely informative about pandemic politics. In times of pandemic, people literally vote with their feet on government actions. The data are highly representative of the US population. At the pandemic outbreak, our exploratory innovative analysis suggests, political divides are exacerbated. Later, with mixed messages about the plague from party leadership, such exceedingly partisan patterns dissipate. They make way to less politically-infused and more educationally, demographically and economically driven behavior.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133623325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Concern about Immigration and Customer Complaints against Minority Financial Advisors","authors":"Kelvin K. F. Law, Luo Zuo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3918663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3918663","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the relation between public concern about immigration and customer complaints against minority financial advisors in the United States. We find that minority advisors are more likely to receive complaints in periods of high public concern about immigration than in other periods, relative to their white colleagues from the same firm, at the same office location, and at the same point in time. This result holds for both complaints with merit and dismissed complaints and is more pronounced in counties where residents likely hold stronger anti-immigration views. We also find that minority advisors are more likely to face regulatory actions or leave their firms after customer allegations in periods of high public concern about immigration than in other periods. Overall, our study provides descriptive evidence of a positive relation between public concern about immigration and customer dissatisfaction with minority advisors. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116193142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why High Incentives Cause Repugnance: A Framed Field Experiment","authors":"R. Stüber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3850618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3850618","url":null,"abstract":"A key feature of markets for repugnant transactions is that certain transactions seem to raise moral concerns only when they involve high monetary incentives. Using a framed field experiment with a representative sample, I show that these preferences exist, and I investigate why people display it. Participants can permit or prevent a third party from being financially compensated for registering as a stem cell and bone marrow donor. I find that a substantial fraction of individuals permit a low payment but prevent high monetary incentives. With the help of experimental treatment variation, I show that their preference to prevent high incentive offers is caused by the desire to protect individuals who are persuaded by high incentives. Evidence from a survey experiment with ethic committees emphasizes the practical importance of this finding.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131693536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hirability and Educational Prestige","authors":"J. Vandivier","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3835966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3835966","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative credentials offer a partial solution to the skill gap and student debt crises, supernormal returns for some students, and a tool to support diversity hiring for firms. This paper tests the hypothesis that educational prestige explains hirability better than accreditation. An original questionnaire using repeated measures (n = 454) is investigated to determine the effects of accreditation and prestige on willingness to hire. A combination of descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS), and linear mixed models (LMM) reveal that prestige explains a larger component of hirability variance than accreditation. Accreditation remains independently important. Alternative credentials from a Fortune 50 learning provider are competitive with a traditional degree. Other high prestige alternative credentials demonstrate job search value, albeit at a lower level. The conclusion includes a discussion on industry and policy moves to improve total market surplus.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127771903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting Polarization with (Parental) Internalization","authors":"Moti Michaeli, Jiabin Wu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3802989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3802989","url":null,"abstract":"Growing polarization has been a rising concern in recent years all around the world. How can governments effectively fight it? In a dynamic model of inter-generational cultural transmission we show that polarization could be driven by the attempt of parents to instill extreme values in their children in anticipation of the pressure to conform that will be imposed on the children by their peers. However, this extremist tendency is mitigated if parents put a sufficiently large weight on their children's disutility from peer pressure and try to reduce it - rather than counterbalance it - by instilling in the children conformist rather than extreme values. Increasing awareness of parents to this peer pressure could therefore be a governmental tool for fighting polarization.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126651089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Humanism on Religiosity with the Mediatory Role of Ethics and Spirituality","authors":"Aneeqa Wasim, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757476","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – The aim of the paper is to explore why some people are more religious. More importantly, is it due to external factors like culture and values, or some innate factors like humanism is influencing it. We also tried to explain how innate values like humanism make people more religious. For this, we proposed a theoretical framework conceptualizing the effect of spirituality and ethics in humanism religiosity nexus. We propose Humanism factors such as Self-sacrifice, attraction to public participation, and compassion, affect religiosity directly as well through increasing the ethical values. Moreover, humanism along with ethical values make an individual more spiritual. This is reflected in the feelings of belief in god, search for meaning, and feeling of security. This spiritual enlightenment would enforce correspondent religious beliefs and worship. It also influences other factors of religiosity like emotional involvement and mutual disclosure of affairs. Hence, this paper is to examine the impact of humanism on religiosity keeping spirituality and ethics as a mediating variable. All sub variable has studied individually to understand the different aspects of these variable and combined effect of all sub-variables is focused to meet the accuracy level from all aspects.<br><br>Designmethodology – A well-structured framework is developed, and PLS-SEM is used to generate results by using SmartPLS3. Data is collected through the primary data collection technique based on questionnaires is conducted. 1000 questionnaires were distributed out of which 356 responses were received. All the respondents were leaders of different well-performing organizations of Pakistan including managers, assistant managers, directors, assistant directors’ CEOs, and team leaders.<br><br>Findings – The result showed that human factors like attraction to public participation (APP), and Self-sacrifice seems to affect ethical values. Ethics would in turn increase spiritual factors of the search for meaning and feeling of security. Spiritual factors like belief in God seems to positively affect all three dimensions of religiosity. The feeling of security also impacts emotional involvement positively, whereas the search for meaning has a significant and positive effect on mutual disclosure of affairs. All humanism factors also seem to affect the spiritual factor of search positively and significantly. Compassion along with APP also seems to enforce belief in God, similarly, APP along with self-sacrifice seems to increase the feeling of security. Ethics also seems to influence religious factors like emotional involvement, and mutual disclosure of affairs directly and positively. However, humanism factors like compassion and Self-sacrifice seem to have a negative but significant impact on belief and worship, and emotional involvement respectively.<br>","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125697422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Ethicality Itself a Boundary Condition for Ethicality: The Complementary Role of Employees' Exchange Ideology and Moral Awareness in Restricting the Effect of Ethical Leadership in Reducing Workplace Deviance.","authors":"Ayesha Naseem, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3756955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3756955","url":null,"abstract":"Ethical leadership (EL) seems to be effective in reducing workplace deviance, questions remain as to whether its benefits are consistent across all situations. Specifically, whether its effectiveness remained in an already ethical environment. In this investigation, we explore two important boundary conditions of ethical leadership that are themselves related to ethicality. We first explore how employees’ moral awareness (MA) may lessen the need for ethical leadership. Drawing on substitutes for leadership theory, we suggest that when individuals already possess a heightened level of moral awareness, ethical leadership’s role in reducing deviant actions may be reduced. We also contended that Employees' Exchange Ideology - the strength of an employee’s belief that the work effort should depend on treatment by the organization- also reduces EL effectiveness. This norm of reciprocity may not be ethical, as the leader's positive or negative efforts towards employees may divert them from doing what is morally right to reciprocate. However, not all individuals value reciprocity to the same degree, hence higher Employees' Exchange Ideology (EEI) may be another boundary condition of EL effectiveness. We conceptualize this framework by modifying Gok et. al. (2017) model to add Employees' Exchange Ideology as a moderating factor along with Moral Awareness. Workplace Deviance was measured by organizational directed deviance (OD) and supervisor directed deviance (SD). Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 310 employees working in different organizations in Pakistan and was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. Results indicated a significant negative complementarity of EEI, in the effect of EL on both dimensions of workplace deviance. This suggested, higher EEI seems to limit the effect of EL on organizational and supervisor directed deviance. However, the moderating effect of MA was not substantiated for Pakistan. EEI also seems to have a positive effect on both OD and SD, while, SD seems to have a positive effect on OD. Interestingly, EL seems to be causing rather than reducing both OD and SD in the Pakistani environment.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121310167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Entitlement and Unethical Workplace Behavior in Pakistan: The Role of Status Striving, Moral Disengagement, Organizational Identification, and Egoistic Deprivation","authors":"Mehwish Aqeel, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3755245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3755245","url":null,"abstract":"Growing research has demonstrated that employees commonly engage in unethical behaviors that are intended to serve the interests of their organization. In this research, we examine the relationship between employee psychological entitlement (PE)- the belief that one should receive desirable treatment irrespective of whether it is deserved- and employee willingness to engage in unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). Drawing upon the conceptual framework proposed by Lee et. al. (2019), we included other factors such as Egoistic Deprivation in their modified model. We argue that driven by self-interest and the desire to look good in the eyes of others, highly entitled employees may be more willing to engage in UPB when their personal goals are aligned with those of their organizations. Moreover, we also explored whether this entitlement would also lead to counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We also proposed that entitlement also increase 1. status striving, 2. moral disengagement, and 3. strong identification with the organization. It also causes 4. egoistic deprivation – the sense of unfairly deprived in comparison to other individuals- when their perception of entitlement is not fulfilled. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 300 employees and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that PE has a significant and positive impact on Organizational identification, as well as egoistic deprivation among employees. It also seems to have a direct positive effect on UPB, on the contrary, a significant negative effect on CWB. Moreover, Egoistic deprivation seems to have a negative effect on UPE whereas, Organizational identification seems to have a positive impact. Against expectation, Status striving seems to have a significant negative impact on UPB. Moreover, Moral Disengagement seems to be affecting CWB positively, whereas Organizational identification has a negative effect o it. Organizational identification also seems to be affecting Status striving, Moreover, Organizational identification positively Moderates the effect of Psychological entitlement on Status striving in a way that incases organizational identification, the effect of Psychological entitlement on status striving is pronounced. Hence Organizational identification has a positive, and Egoistic deprivation has negative mediation on the effect of PE on UPB and CWB. Organizational identification also has an indirect mediation on PE UPB nexus through Status striving.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122815824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luxury with Social Responsibility in Pakistan: The Effect of Brand Commitment on Perceived Quality and Consumers' Attitudes Toward Luxury Products with the Mediatory Role of Luxury-CSR Fit, complemented by Luxury Product Characteristics.","authors":"Bisma Ateeque, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3755236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3755236","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of ‘‘responsible luxury’’ has received considerable attention in recent years. Growing concerns center, particularly on the ethics of actors in the luxury goods sector, hence may appear as a contradiction in terms. This article investigates the influence of two defining characteristics of luxury products—scarcity and ephemerality—on consumers’ perception of the fit between luxury and corporate social responsibility (CSR), as well as how this perceived fit affects Perceived Quality and consumers’ attitudes toward luxury products. We also explored the effect of brand commitment on the two luxury product characteristics. For this, we proposed a theoretical framework, modifying the Janssen et. al. (2014) model to include Brand Commitment and Perceived Quality as antecedent and outcome, respectively. We argue that consumers' Brand Commitment strengthens the Perceived fit between luxury and CSR, furthermore, Brand Commitment also increases Scarcity and ephemerality, and these two complements each other to affect perceived fit. Meaning, when luxury products are enduring (e.g. jewelry) a scarce product perceived as more responsible as ephemeral products are for the short term (e.g. trend, fashion). The higher fit would in turn increases the Perception of Quality and Consumers' Attitudes Towards that brand. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 300 luxury brands consumers and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results suggested that commitment has a significant positive effect on perceived Fit, similarly, perceived fit also seems to affect both attitude and Quality positively. Hence, the perceived fit seems to positively mediate the effect of commitment on both quality and attitude. Moreover, Commitment seems to positively affect both Scarcity and ephemerality, and both, in turn, have a positive impact on Perceived fit. Both also complement each other in their impact of perceived fit. This means perceived Fit positively mediate the effect of Ephemerality, and scarcity, on both attitude and quality. In a more general sense, the effect of commitment on attitude and quality is mediated by Ephemerality, and scarcity in the first order, then further mediated by perceived fit. Ephemerality also seems to increase the perception of quality; however, scarcity seems to have a negative effect on attitude.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132559796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning from the Past and the Pandemic to Address Mental Health in Tribal Communities","authors":"Heather Tanana","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3685248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3685248","url":null,"abstract":"When COVID-19 hit, it devastated Tribal communities. Based on past federal policies, American Indians and Alaska Natives suffer various health and socioeconomic disparities that make them not only more vulnerable to contracting COVID-19, but also more susceptible to negative outcomes once infected. Much attention has focused on COVID-19 infection rates and related deaths in Indian country. However, the pandemic’s reach has gone beyond physical impacts on the body. COVID-19 has also affected the mental health of Tribal members and their access to mental health services. This Article dives into the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on the mental health and general well-being of Tribal communities. A brief history of federal and Tribal relations is provided, followed by a summary of the current state of mental health in Indian country. The impacts of COVID-19 on Tribal communities is discussed as well as the rise of telehealth to provide much needed mental health services during the pandemic. The article concludes by providing recommendations to continue the progress made to fill the historic gap in mental health services in Indian country post-pandemic.","PeriodicalId":117634,"journal":{"name":"Social & Personality Psychology eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125989064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}