Environmental Control in Biology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of End of Day Lighting after Night Chilling Treatment on Growth and Development of Lettuce","authors":"N. Okuda, Yuta Miya, T. Yanagi, K. Yamaguchi","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.7","url":null,"abstract":"to low temperature during the night from May 23 to June 6, and sequentially exposed to end of day lighting from June 7 to July 4, 2013. The stem elongation was inhibited by night chilling treatment and was inhibited by end of day lighting treatment remarkably. The capitulum formation was inhibited in the night chilling treatment. These results suggest that end of day lighting after night chilling treatment is effective in suppressing stem elongation and floral stage of lettuce plant.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"203 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76197467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potassium Absorption Capacity of Witloof Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in Modelled Salt Accumulated Field Made by Excessive Application of Methane Fermentation Digested Slurry","authors":"T. Kumano, H. Araki","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.155","url":null,"abstract":"The Methane Fermentation Digested Slurry (DS) contains sufficient nitrogen and other fertilizer components, thus several studies have been conducted on the development of practical techniques to use DS for horticultural productions (Möller and Müller, 2012; Endo, 2014). In practice, there are several studies for a more efficient use of DS as a fertilizer for realizing a sustainable production of various horticultural crops, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), Komatsuna (Brassica rapa) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) (Endo et al., 2002; Tokuda et al., 2010; Fujikawa and Nakamura, 2010; Yoshino et al., 2012). On the other hand, it has been recognized that, in Japan, the problem of remanence and accumulation of fertilizer components in the soil is getting conspicuous, not only for indoor fields but also for open field horticultural production, being the cause of this problem an excessive use of fertilizers, both chemical and organic (Tanimoto, 1991). In particular, the organic fertilizers, such as compost and DS derived from livestock wastes, especially for cow manures, contain a high concentration of potassium among the three major plant macronutrients. This specific chemical constitution leads consequently to the potassium accumulation in the soils when we use it based on the required amount of nitrogen (Goto and Eguchi, 1997; Oyanagi et al., 2002). In order to make the best use of organic fertilizers for an efficient production of horticultural crops, it is necessary to develop practical solutions which can avoid potassium accumulation in the soils. The accumulation of salts, including potassium, tends to break the balance of mineral absorption by crops. This may lead to a yield decreasing, a deterioration in quality and negative impacts to livestock animals such as grass tetany when used as a forage crop; consequently, the importance of effective solutions to evade salt accumulation in the soils has been recognized (Ito et al., 1981; Eguchi, 1993). The major techniques recently used for salt removal from salt accumulated soils are: 1) excessive irrigation or flooding, including dumping the snow into the field (Aragaki et al., 1986); 2) dilution of salts by removing surface soils, soil dressing and plowing to replace surface soil with subsoil; 3) organic matter application which aims to increase chemical, physical and biological soil buffering capacity (Ikeda et al., 1994); and 4) growing a “Cleaning Crop”, which has an excessive salt absorption capacity from the soils, e.g. grass for forage or green manure. The most common method with comparative ease is probably the flooding (excessive irrigation): However, it has been reported that this technique has several problems, such as impacts on the ground water quality by the leaching of nitrate nitrogen or sulphate ion (Yanagase et al., 2005). Furthermore, researches have clarified until now that this technique can lead to the emission of a large amount of ni-","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"34 1","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83146257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cost-Effective, Simple, and Productive Method of Hydroponic Culture of Edible Opuntia “Maya”","authors":"T. Horibe","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.171","url":null,"abstract":"The stem of the cactus Opuntia (genus Opuntia, subfamily Opuntioideae, family Cactaceae), commonly referred to as the nopal cactus or prickly pear, is widely consumed as a vegetable in Mexico and in the Mediterranean countries (Stintzing and Carle, 2005; CruzHernández and Paredes-López, 2010) as well as in Japan, where it is produced mainly in the Kasugai City, Aichi Prefecture. These plants are also used in some countries as a remedy for a variety of health problems including edema and indigestion (El-Mostafa et al., 2014). Opuntia plants are commonly produced through soil or pot culture; however, the cultivation of vegetables using soil exposes them to soil-borne diseases and salt accumulation and also poses the difficulties of fertilizer management (Lakkireddy et al., 2012). In a hydroponic culture, plants are grown using a nutrient solution (water and fertilizer), with or without the use of an artificial medium. The absence of soil results in an absence of weeds or soil-borne diseases, while precise fertilizer management is readily achieved (Lakkireddy et al., 2012). Thus, there are many advantages associated with the hydroponic culture of edible Opuntia, although this method is not yet commercially practiced. With respect to the growth behavior of Opuntia, flat paddle-shaped daughter cladodes develop from the areole of the mother cladode, and this process is repeated (Pimienta-Barrios et al., 2005). We have previously shown that edible Opuntia can be grown by hydroponic culture using the commercially available bubble wrap and a cultivation panel (Horibe and Yamada, 2016a; Horibe et al., 2016b). However, it was difficult to attach cladodes using these items due to their characteristic stem shape, and cladodes occasionally fell into the culture solution as the fixative loosened. For the hydroponic culture of most vegetables, seeds are spread on the commercially available cultivation panel; however, in the case of edible Opuntia, vegetative propagation using the stem is commonly used for its production because this method is much faster and easier compared with seed propagation. Thus, an appropriate method for the hydroponic culture of edible Opuntia should be developed. In the present study, we designed a new method for the hydroponic culture of edible Opuntia using a deep flow technique (DFT), and investigated the effectiveness of this method by comparing the cladode growth using this method and with pot culture using a growth chamber and a greenhouse. In this novel method, we used cheap materials while we did not use aeration, which requires a power source, thereby facilitating the cost-effective cultivation of Opuntia anywhere.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"89 1","pages":"171-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85137384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the constant soil temperature layer for energy-saving control in the local environment of greenhouse crops II. Application to strawberry cultivation during the winter season","authors":"Yuta Miyoshi, K. Hidaka, T. Okayasu, D. Yasutake, M. Kitano","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.37","url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse strawberry production is often limited by temperature and low solar radiation during the cold season, which depress photosynthesis in strawberry crops and by excessively high temperature during the warm season, which causes a delay in flower-bud differentiation (Sone et al., 2005; Dan et al., 2007; Hidaka et al., 2013). Furthermore, the steep increase in the price of oil has threatened the income during winter season, because this season requires a greater magnitude of greenhouse heating (Okimura, 2009). For stable year-round production of strawberry crops to maintain high profitability and sustainability, it is essential to establish a system for energy-saving and year-round environmental control by applying renewable energy resources. The constant soil temperature layer is an underground, widely occurring, and easily accessible renewable energy resource (Yamamoto, 1966; 1973; 1985; Takaura and Yamanaka, 1981). However, because of the low capacity of soil for heat storage and conduction, heat exchange with the constant soil temperature layer has been considered insufficient for controlling the temperature of the entire volume of air inside a greenhouse (Takami and Uchijima, 1977). To solve these problems in the greenhouse system, in our previous study (Miyoshi et al., 2013), we proposed a novel local environmental control system that related the constant soil temperature layer to the circulation of air and heat exchange between the soil and ambient air of strawberry crops. We examined the short-term performance of this system from the viewpoint of energy savings via the control of air conditions. The system enabled energysaving local control of the ambient air temperature and relative humidity of strawberry crops via heat exchange with the constant soil temperature layer, demonstrating a 50% reduction in the heating load for the ambient air of crops. The aim of the present study was to apply the system developed in our previous study to the elevated bed system of strawberry crops during the cold, winter season, and to examine the long-term effect of the system on energy-saving control of air condition and crop yield.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75533316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ultraviolet A Supplemented with Red Light Irradiation on Vinblastine Production in Catharanthus roseus","authors":"Taro Fukuyama, K. Ohashi-Kaneko, K. Hirata, Misa Muraoka, Hiroyuki Watanabe","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.65","url":null,"abstract":"Catharanthus roseus produces monoterpenoid indole alkaloids which are a well-known source of drugs (Carter and Livingston, 1976). Especially, vinblastine and vincristine are made from dimeric monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (DIAs) for various cancer chemotherapies. In addition, vindesine and vinorelbine of semi-synthetic alkaloids are used in the same applications as vinblastine and vincristine. DIAs are synthesized via 3’, 4’-anhydrovinblastine, which is synthesized from the coupling of the monomeric precursors, vindoline and catharanthine. Unfortunately, these drugs are very expensive as C. roseus accumulates very low amounts of DIAs in leaves. A coupling reaction of vindoline and catharanthine rarely occurs in nature. Although many researchers have studied total or semi-synthetic techniques for DIAs production by chemical and enzymatic methods (Kutney et al., 1988; Misawa et al., 1988; Kuehne et al., 1991; Yokoshima et al., 2002; Shirahama et al., 2006; Ishikawa et al., 2009), these techniques have not resulted in sufficient benefit. These drugs, derived from DIAs, can still be extracted and purified from large amounts of C. roseus plants, which are cultivated in large fields (Roepke et al., 2010). C. roseus is a perennial plant that is native to subtropical and tropical regions. Optimal temperature for growth of C. roseus plants is between 21 and 27°C (Blazich et al., 1995). In Japan, C. roseus cannot be cultivated continuously throughout the year in outdoor conditions, because the temperature is less than 18°C between November and March. Hence, Japan imports the drugs derived from DIAs. The supply of these drugs might become unstable by weather fluctuation and competition with foreign countries. For the stable supply of these drugs in Japan, it is desirable to produce DIAs domestically. In addition, the regulation system of alkaloid content in C. roseus is influenced by environmental conditions, such as light intensity (Liu et al., 2011; Fukuyama et al., 2015) and nitrogen content in fertilizer (Gholamhoss et al., 2011; Guo et al., 2014). Since it is necessary to control environmental conditions of C. roseus cultivation strictly for stable DIAs production, this cultivation would be preferred to operate in an enclosed environmentally controlled room with artificial lighting, such as a plant factory. We investigate the optimal environmental conditions and cultivation methods to achieve high yield of DIAs using an enclosed environmentally controlled room with artificial lighting. Blue light (B, peak wavelength was 450 nm) and UVA (peak wavelength was 370 nm) light irradiation to multiple shoot cultures or soil-cultured C. roseus plants induced the increase of vinblastine content and the decrease of vindoline and catharanthine content (Hirata et al., 1991; 1992; 1993). On the other hand, the growth of C. roseus grown under monochromatic red light (peak wavelength was 660 nm) irradiation increased compared with light irra-","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"19 1","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87005488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of a Cultivar of Green Perilla (Perilla frutescens) Using Genetic Similarity with Other Plants via Public Databases","authors":"Yusuke Tanigaki, Takanobu Higashi, A. Nagano, M. Honjo, H. Fukuda","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.77","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring stable and increasing crop yields are important problems within agriculture. In many cases, studies on the cultivation of crops have a long history; however, few studies have focused on the changes occurring in crops at the genetic level. Gene expression profiles in vivo are thought to assist in understanding plant conditions, so as to stabilize and increase yield. Recently, comprehensive analyses such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have advanced the understanding of information in vivo and provided a lot of information through one-time analysis. Transcriptome analysis by RNA-seq, an omics analysis technique, is widely used in studies of animals, plants, and insects (Scherf et al., 2000; Rifkin et al., 2003; Lister et al., 2008). Bioinformatics approaches are used to elucidate biological implications. There is abundant genetic information available for model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, as well as a reference sequence (RefSeq) supporting highly accurate analysis (Fiehn et al., 2001). Software applications for visualizing the analyzed data and genetic information have been built into public databases, offering the ability to assess large quantities of data. However, there is little information for cultivars. On the other hand, basic mechanisms and genes involved in plant processes, such as those involved in growth metabolism, are conserved in many species. Therefore, the use of information available in databases is very helpful in building and improving the cultivation environment of cultivars. The use of model-plant genetic analysis techniques within cultivars has a strong potential to increase yield and improve crop quality. Although species differ, the functions of genes tend to be similar as they are evolutionarily conserved (Tanigaki et al., 2014). In plants, the amino acid or nucleotide sequences of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RuBisCO) are evolutionarily conserved (Tabita et al., 2007). In some cases, this similarity is low because of differences in rates of molecular evolution (Xiang et al., 2004). However, species-specific genes are difficult to analyze by expression estimation and mapping to metabolic pathways. Using omics data for species-specific genes via genetic functional analysis is time-consuming. Moreover, genes specific to a particular cultivar can facilitate speciesspecific de novo genetic analysis (Hong et al., 2015). Conventional farmers seeking methods to improve crop growth require data rapidly (within a single planting sea-","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"66 1","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84875907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of LED Light Quality and Intensity on Stomatal Behavior of Three Petunia Cultivars Grown in a Semi-closed System","authors":"S. Sakhonwasee, Kittipoom Tummachai, Ninlawan Nimnoy","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.93","url":null,"abstract":"Petunia (Petunia hybrida Vilm.) is one of the most popular ornamental potted and bedding plants with an annual wholesale value exceeding 100 million dollars in United States (Anderson, 2005). However, conventional petunia seed and plant production is often limited by climatic condition, especially in a tropical region. An alternative petunia cultivation method is needed in order to supply enough petunia seeds and plants to meet the rising market demand. Recently, plant cultivation under controlled environmental conditions has been receiving more attention in many countries. Controlled environmental systems can produce higher quality plants that require lower pesticide use compared to conventional, open field plant production. In the case of plant factories with artificial light (PFAL), in which the system is airtight and all of the major environmental factors are tightly regulated, plant production can be done regardless of location and climatic condition (Kozai and Niu, 2016). The typical PFAL consists of an artificial light source, air conditioning, fertigation system, CO2 enrichment system and an environmental control unit. These components are used to control all the major environmental factors to match plant demands and maximize productivity. Hence, knowledge of the physiological behaviors of certain plant species is pivotal for optimizing environmental parameters inside these controlled systems. Stomatal behavior strongly influences photosynthesis in plants. Opening and closing of stomata directly affects stomatal conductance which is correlated with CO2 assimilation in most plants (Hogewoning et al., 2010; Kim et al., 2012). Stomatal movement occurs partially in response to a change in quantity and quality of external factors such as light (Wheeler et al., 1999; Mott et al., 2008; Araújo et al., 2011). For instance, daily changes in stomatal conductance are positively correlated with sunlight intensities in glasshouse grown grapes (Sabir and Yazar, 2015). In cucumber, both CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance increased in response to an increase in the proportion of blue light (Hogewoning et al., 2010). Similarly, opening of stomatal aperture was found to be stimulated by blue light in various other plants (Lu et al., 1993; Assmann and Shimazaki, 1999; Talbott et al., 2002). Moreover, it has been reported that stomatal response to red light is photosynthesis-dependent, whereas the response to blue light is both photosynthesis-dependent and independent (Wang et al., 2011). Apart from light, other environmental factors, such as vapor pressure deficit (VPD), CO2 concentration and temperature, have also been shown to affect stomatal behavior (Miller and Davis, 1981; Wheeler et al., 1999; McAdam and Brodribb, 2015). In a controlled environmental cultivation system where light cycle, temperature, relative humidity and CO2 concentration are fairly constant, daily oscillation of stomata related parameters have been observed (Kerr et al.,","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80067652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blossom End Rot Tomato Fruit Diagnosis for In Situ Cell Analyses with Real Time Pico-Pressure Probe Ionization Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Y. Gholipour, R. Erra-Balsells, H. Nonami","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.41","url":null,"abstract":"Blossom end rot (BER) of tomato fruit has been identified as a physiological disorder caused by calcium (Ca) deficiency (Lyon et al., 1942). Ca has been believed to adjust the structure and properties, particularly gelation, of cell wall pectin (Jarvis, 1984). Gelation, which directly influences the elasticity and expansion of cell wall, is critically dependent on the availability of Ca in the apoplast. It has been speculated that the insufficient availability of Ca in the apoplast of expanding cells results in cell wall weakening, impairment of cell expansion, and finally cell burst and death (Ho and White, 2005). However, high Ca concentration could induce BER in tomato fruit (Nonami et al., 1995; Hossain and Nonami, 2012). Ca concentration in BER fruit was higher than that in healthy fruit (Nonami et al., 1995). Thus, it may be possible to speculate that some factors other than Ca deficiency causes BER in tomato fruit. When Ca salts were added excessively to the hydroponic solution, we could induce BER in 30 50% of fruit formed in tomato plants (Nonami et al., 1995; Hossain and Nonami, 2012). It is noteworthy that 50 70% of fruit in the same tomato plant did not exhibit BER although the fruit was exposed to the same stress condition. All cells in both BER and non-BER exhibiting fruit in the same plant had the same DNA, having different metabolisms. How was this difference induced? Analysis of cell physical and chemical properties with single cell resolution can clarify cell to cell variations and many primary growth, disorder, or stress related phenomena that cannot be detected or fully explored through tissue-level studies. Integrative analyses of water relations and metabolomics of plant cells, therefore, can provide remarkable insights to many physiological events during growth or environmental stresses. However common water status measurements are not provided with molecular information and on other hand, a big challenge is to perform quantitative metabolite profiling at cell level. In order to investigate these distinct aspects concurrently at real time and with single cell resolution, we devised a new technique by combining a cell pressure probe (PP) and an Orbitrap mass spectrometer, named as pico-pressure probe ionization mass spectrometry (picoPPI-MS). The PP is routinely used to analyze several properties of plant single cells including in situ cell volume determination (Malone and Tomos, 1990), and turgor pressure, osmotic potential, water potential, plasma membrane hydraulic conductivity, and cell wall elastic modulus measurements (Nonami and Boyer, 1989; Nonami and Schulze, 1989; Boyer, 1995). In addition PP uniquely facilitated managed picoliter sampling of in situ single cell solution, since sample volume can be controlled and measured (Nonami and Schulze, 1989). In picoPPI-MS, after the","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73935819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Irradiation Patterns and Light Quality of Red and Blue Light-Emitting Diodes on Growth of Leaf Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.“Greenwave”)","authors":"Yuichiro Kuno, H. Shimizu, H. Nakashima, J. Miyasaka, K. Ohdoi","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88119180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crown-cooling Treatment Induces Earlier Flower Bud Differentiation of Strawberry under High Air Temperatures","authors":"K. Hidaka, K. Dan, H. Imamura, T. Takayama","doi":"10.2525/ECB.55.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.55.21","url":null,"abstract":"Over 90% of Japanese strawberry farmers employ forcing to enable harvest from winter to the following spring (Yamasaki, 2013). However, because available production area continues to decline, new techniques to obtain consistently high yields are required. Many factors contribute to fruit yield in strawberry production (Hidaka et al., 2014a). Fruit yield per plant is influenced by factors including per unit fruit weight, fruit number, flower budding, photosynthate partitioning, leaf photosynthesis, and water and nutrient uptake by roots. These factors are affected by the growing environment (e.g., light intensity, photoperiod, temperature, CO2 concentration, humidity, and wind velocity) and the genetic potential of each cultivar. In our previous studies, we explored the development of environmental control techniques, such as supplemental lighting and CO2 enrichment, to achieve high increases in fruits yield through acceleration of leaf photosynthesis (Hidaka et al., 2013; 2014b; 2015; 2016). However, seeking to increase yields through environmental controls relies on the assumption that flower bud differentiation will be induced normally. Global warming has recently been reported to have serious potential impacts on water resources, ecosystems, food production and other aspects of life. The Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries has reported on agricultural issues already known to result from global warming, including high-temperature-related injuries to rice (cracked rice), abnormal fruit coloration, changes in fruit growing zones, and increased incidences of pests and disease (2008). Further, effects of recent warming on agricultural production have been observed throughout the whole of Japan (Sugiura et al., 2012). Japanese strawberry producers usually use Junebearing cultivars, and flower bud differentiation in these cultivars is induced by short days and low temperatures (Ito and Saito, 1962). However, recently there have been concerns that rising air temperatures in August and September will cause delayed flower bud differentiation in first inflorescences. Many types of localized temperature control systems have been developed to stabilize flower bud differentiation under high-temperature conditions (Mukai and Ogura, 1988; Ikeda et al., 2007; Yamazaki et al., 2007; Miyoshi et al., 2013). Our research group also developed a technique to control the temperature of the strawberry crown, which is the organ containing the shoot apical meristem (Dan et al., 2015). However, few studies have examined the effect of such cooling systems under the high temperatures expected with future global warming. We calculated likely future air temperatures in the study area based on past recorded temperatures and predictions of future global warming and reproduced these temperature conditions in a greenhouse. We examined the effect of crown-cooling treatments on flower bud differentiation, flowering characteristics and yield under high air temp","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86839674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}