Environmental Geochemistry and Health最新文献

{"title":"Tungsten-induced alteration of schwertmannite transformation and its implications for tungsten mobility in acid mine drainage.","authors":"Chunyu Yang, Rui Huang, Huihui Du","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03496-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03496-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tungsten (W) mobility in acid mine drainage (AMD) may be strongly influenced by its interactions with schwertmannite (Sch), a metastable sulfate-bearing Fe(III) oxyhydroxide that can effectively scavenge oxyanion-forming contaminants. During aging, Sch gradually transforms into more stable Fe(III) phases, such as goethite, which may substantially alter the mobility and retention of associated contaminants. However, the fate of W during Sch transformation remains unclear. This study investigated W redistribution during Sch aging and examined whether W loading altered the temporal development of Fe mineral phases. Batch aging experiments were conducted at pH 3.5 and 60 ℃ using W-free and W-loaded Sch suspensions. Sch gradually transformed into goethite in both systems. However, W loading altered the transformation in a stage-dependent manner. During the early stage, the W-loaded system exhibited approximately 15% higher sulfate release and earlier development of goethite-related features than the W-free system. During the later stage, the development of crystalline goethite was attenuated. W was initially released into solution and subsequently reassociated with the solid phase. The residual W fraction increased to approximately 38% by day 30. The later redistribution of W coincided with attenuated development of crystalline goethite. Overall, the results reveal a stage-dependent relationship between Sch transformation and W partitioning under accelerated aging conditions and provide a geochemical basis for assessing W retention and mobility in AMD-related systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-earthquake heavy metal contamination of well waters in Hatay Province, Türkiye: source apportionment, human health risk and a debris-to-groundwater metal transfer framework.","authors":"Esra Taner, Abdullah Özkan","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03488-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03488-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes (moment magnitude 7.7 and 7.6) devastated Hatay Province and generated building debris whose dumping near settlements and farmland may mobilize trace metals into shallow drinking-water aquifers. Thirty-three distinct wells in six Hatay districts were sampled in June 2024 and analyzed for fourteen elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the Central Laboratory of Iskenderun Technical University. Contamination indices, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were combined with a US Environmental Protection Agency ingestion and dermal assessment and a one-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation. Most elements met drinking-water limits, but iron and chromium exceeded the Turkish TS 266 guideline in 14 and 9 of 33 wells. Multivariate analysis separated a geogenic chromium-lithium-calcium-nickel association (Iskenderun-Arsuz, ophiolitic bedrock) from an anthropogenic iron-manganese-lead association (Hassa-Kirikhan) consistent with debris influence. The heavy metal pollution index remained below 100, yet the total hazard index exceeded unity for children in 18 samples and carcinogenic risk exceeded 1 × 10^-4 in most samples, dominated by chromium. The highest hazard index was in geogenic Region 3, not in the debris-proximal wells. Guideline compliance for most metals does not imply the absence of pathway-specific, chromium-dominated risk. These conservative screening results call for chromium speciation and continuous monitoring and are placed in a conceptual Debris-to-Groundwater Metal Transfer (DGMT) framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distribution, health risk assessment, and preventable disease burden of dental and skeletal fluorosis via defluoridation scenarios in Fars Province, Iran.","authors":"Zeynab Ghaemi, Masoud Noshadi, Rezvan Talebnejad","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03474-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03474-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluoride contamination in groundwater poses a persistent public health challenge in arid regions, where elevated concentrations lead to dental and skeletal fluorosis. Current defluoridation policy evaluations have overlooked the population health benefits of interventions, the variability in technology performance, and the direct link between treatment efficacy and health outcomes. Hence, this study employed a comprehensive spatiotemporal probabilistic health risk assessment with disease burden estimation. It integrated disability-adjusted life years (DALY)-based intervention policy modeling and kernel density estimation to create a strategic framework. In this method, intervention scenarios were stochastically modeled using literature-derived fluoride-removal efficiency ranges. Groundwater samples (n = 7,722) were collected from counties of Fars Province, Iran, during 2015-2020. Hierarchical clustering delineated four fluoride risk zones: low (LFZ), moderate (MFZ), high (HFZ), and extreme (XFZ). The highest proportions of exceedance rates of hazard quotient (%HQ > 1) were concentrated in southern and southwestern zones across all age groups. Dental fluorosis was the dominant health outcome, with XFZ encompassing a cumulative burden of 669.14 (95% UI: 478.54-859.74) DALYs and normalized rates up to 1888.55 (1461.59-2315.52) per 100,000. Skeletal fluorosis contributed to lower burdens in all clusters, yet the burden was as high as 132.95 (115.23-150.67), with a rate of 458.72 (442.42-475.01) per 100,000 in XFZ. The probabilistic evaluation of nine defluoridation policies revealed reverse osmosis and ion exchange/precipitation as the most effective interventions, achieving > 98% and 96% reductions in DALYs, respectively. These methods significantly outperformed alternatives like phytoremediation (60-90% reduction) and nutritional interventions (< 50% reduction). For all policies, the percentage reduction in DALYs was the same for dental and skeletal outcomes. The proposed framework in this research supports prioritization of defluoridation interventions and demonstrates how probabilistic health-risk modeling can inform adaptive water governance and resource allocation in fluorosis-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-altitude peat archives of PFAS and MeHg in Northern Pakistan: vertical distribution, source apportionment and environmental implications.","authors":"Rubab Mansoor, Naqeeb Ullah, Shanza Gull, Afsheen Maryam, Jitka Becanova, Simon Vojta, Rainer Lohmann, Berillo Dmitry, Anuarbek A Kakabayev, Yelena Galaktionova, Shujaul Mulk Khan, Riffat Naseem Malik","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03477-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03477-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can reach remote environments mainly through atmospheric transport and deposition, whereas methylmercury (MeHg) is formed primarily through in-situ microbial methylation of inorganic mercury (Hg). However, their occurrence in high-altitude environments is still poorly understood. This study provides the first assessment of the vertical distribution, source apportionment, and risk implications of PFAS and MeHg in peat cores from two alpine glaciated lakes in northern, Pakistan. Total ∑₂₁PFAS concentrations ranged from 3.49 to 221.56 ng/g, while MeHg concentrations ranged from 0.27 to 11.24 ng/g, with pronounced spatial variability. Naltar lake had higher PFAS concentrations, whereas Sheosar Lake showed higher MeHg concentrations. Long range atmospheric transport (LRAT) and glacial melt were identified as major PFAS sources, while MeHg was primarily associated with in-situ methylation of Hg. Risk assessment identified Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonic acids (PFSAs) as the compound classes with the highest risk quotients at Naltar lake, while MeHg was the main concern at Sheosar lake. Alpine peatlands serve as critical contaminant reservoirs and may act as secondary sources to downstream aquatic ecosystems amid ongoing glacial retreat. This study improves understanding of PFAS and MeHg accumulation in high-altitude ecosystems and provides useful information for assessing contaminant sources and supporting future environmental management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148967355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenate immobilisation and mimetite formation on Pb-modified zeolite under variable aqueous chemistry.","authors":"Ewa Stępień, Frederik Dunkel, Maciej Manecki, Tomasz Bajda","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03472-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03472-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arsenic contamination in water remains a global challenge, and understanding the mineralogical controls on arsenate sequestration is essential for predicting its behaviour in natural and engineered aqueous systems. This study investigates arsenate immobilisation on Pb-modified clinoptilolite through the precipitation of mimetite (Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl), a sparingly soluble apatite-group mineral. The Pb-modified zeolite (Na-exchanged clinoptilolite containing ~ 70 g Pb/kg), was reacted with As(V) solutions (0.1-50 mg/L) containing 20 mg/L Cl^- across pH 2-8 for up to 168 h. Arsenate concentrations decreased rapidly, with measurable uptake within 1 min and up to 99% immobilisation achieved within 1 h at pH 6-8. Lower immobilisation at pH 2-4 reflects reduced mimetite stability and pH-dependent arsenate speciation. Mimetite precipitated directly at the solid-solution interface through the reaction of surface-released Pb²⁺ with arsenate and chloride, indicating an interface-controlled process driven by local supersaturation. The mechanism was largely unaffected by competing cations (K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Al³⁺, Mn³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺) and anions (F^-, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-). Arsenate immobilisation in natural waters from Bad Wildbad (Germany), Złoty Stok (Poland), and the Upper Mur Valley (Austria) varied substantially with solution composition, ranging from 51 to 99%. These results demonstrate that arsenate sequestration in this system is governed by coupled surface-mediated Pb release and secondary mineral precipitation, providing new insight into the controls on arsenic mobility in Pb-bearing environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148967395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological risk zoning of soil heavy metal pollution using biomarker-enhanced indexing and machine learning.","authors":"Chenxi Li, Kun Li, Lin Yu, Hui Xia, Mengying Si, Weichun Yang, Qingzhu Li, Qi Liao, Zhihui Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03476-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03476-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional soil heavy metal risk assessments suffer from fragmented indices and poor logical integration. Compared to single-chemical indicators, biomarkers more sensitively reflect biological effects and early ecological risks. To address these issues, a method for constructing a comprehensive index integrating biological and non-biological multi-indexes was proposed in this study. First, the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC)-Fuzzy Biomarker Response Index (CFBRI) is developed by integrating the CRITIC method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation into the Biomarker Response Index (BRI). It dynamically weights multi-timepoint biomarker data to resolve non-monotonic responses, improving the goodness of fit (R²) from 0.35 to 0.52 for the conventional BRI across different time points to 0.62 for CFBRI. Next, land use-specific comprehensive indexes (CI) were constructed by integrating abiotic and biotic indicators (Pollution Load Index, Nemerow Index, Potential Ecological Risk Index, Improved Geo-accumulation Index, and CFBRI) via Principal Component Analysis. The resulting Agricultural Land CI (AL-CI, R² = 0.9388) and Construction Land CI (CL-CI, R² = 0.9438) outperformed any single index. Using these CIs as reliable risk labels, multi-classification predictive models were built with five machine learning algorithms. The Random Forest models achieved the best cross-validation accuracies (RF-AL-CI: 0.888; RF-CL-CI: 0.905) and performed well in a regional case study, showing risk zoning highly consistent with land use functions and pollution logic. Overall, the proposed framework offers a transferable decision-support tool for soil ecological risk zoning, which can bridge the gap between biomarker responses and regional-scale land management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated probabilistic risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in urban soils: implications for children's and birds' health.","authors":"Donaji J González-Mille, Francisco J Pérez-Vázquez, Leonardo Chapa-Vargas, Rogelio Costilla-Salazar, Arturo Torres-Dosal, Pedro P Rayo-Reyes, Juan C Fernández-Macías, César A Ilizaliturri-Hernández","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03478-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03478-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban land use and historical industrial development generate spatially heterogeneous patterns of soil contamination that translate into unequal health risks for children and urban wildlife. This study used Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (ED-XRF) and soil mapping to evaluate the presence and distribution of metals in urban soil. Subsequently, child and bird health risks from heavy metal exposure were assessed. The objective was to perform an Integrated Probabilistic Environmental Risk Assessment (IPERA) to estimate health risks in children and birds from exposure to soil contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). This study revealed the presence of PTEs in the soil of the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí; Mn, Zn and Pb were found at the highest concentration, and marked spatial variation was observed across the study area, with the Morales-Aviación zone being the most contaminated (MPI = 116.68). When calculating the Hazard Quotient (HQ), it was observed that the greatest risk for birds was Pb (9.35), while for children was As (1.33). Results showed that accumulated hazard index (HI) values for birds were greater than 1 in all areas and exceeded those estimated for children. In conclusion, the soil of the metropolitan area of San Luis Potosí is contaminated and may pose potential health risk to the health of children as well as in resident ecological receptors. These findings provide a spatially explicit framework for prioritizing environmental surveillance and targeted risk-reduction strategies, while supporting integrated health approaches in rapidly urbanizing settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace metal enrichment and terminal contaminant accumulation in water-based drilling wastes: a depth-resolved geochemical case study.","authors":"Abdullah Özkan, Ahmed Elilyas","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03490-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03490-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oil and gas drilling operations generate large quantities of water-based drilling waste that can act as reservoirs for trace metals of environmental concern, yet enrichment across waste fractions remains insufficiently characterized. This depth-resolved geochemical case study examines trace metal distributions in drilling mud, drill cuttings, and terminal spent mud from a single water-based drilling operation (0-2000 m). Concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following open acid digestion with a 1:3 (v/v) HNO₃-HCl mixture. Contamination behavior was evaluated using the contamination factor (CF), Fe-normalized enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), modified contamination degree (mCd), the Nemerow pollution index, and non-parametric statistics. Pb showed the most pronounced enrichment, increasing from 435 to 623 mg kg^-1 in shallow waste to 2530 mg kg^-1 at 2000 m and 32,677 mg kg^-1 in the terminal spent mud, and correlated positively with depth (ρ = 0.85; ρ = 0.80 after removing the terminal sample). Theil-Sen regression indicated a 12.5-fold increase in Pb per 1000 m. CF and EF values were highest for Pb. Exploratory principal component analysis indicated co-variation among Ni, Co, Cr, and V on PC1 and a Pb-dominated component with As and Cd on PC2. Terminal spent mud may represent a priority fraction for monitoring, classification, and risk assessment. The depth-related pattern is interpreted as a single-well case observation that may reflect both lithogenic input and operational redistribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient direct oxidation of medium/long chain petroleum hydrocarbons through migration of hydroxyl radicals by increasing soil polarity.","authors":"Jinlan Xu, Chongyue Guo, Xin Zhai, Jianan Dai, Hui Li, Lan Yang, Miaolin Liu, Xiang Li, Yuhan Niu","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03486-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03486-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of Fenton technology in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated soil has long been limited by the ineffective consumption of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in water. The effect of polarity regulation on TPH oxidation was evaluated by adjusting the soil polarity (defined as η, which is the ratio of the integral area of hydrophilic functional groups -OH, -COOH and C-O-C to the proportion of humic acid), and by employing ·OH transfer ratio as an indirect indicator in this study. Results showed that when η increased from 149.38 to 227.47 (with ·OH transfer ratio of 64.38%), the oxidation amount of TPH increased from 4673 to 13,118 mg/kg (2.81 times); among which, the total oxidation amount of middle and long chain alkanes increased from 2816 to 9555 mg/kg (3.39 times); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that the total integral area of hydrophilic functional groups increased from 22.80 to 30.85. This suggests that the increase in soil hydrophilicity and polarity promoted the migration of ·OH from water to soil; the excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (3DEEM) showed that the increase in the content of hydrophilic components in dissolved organic matter and the decrease in the relative proportion of humic acid led to an increase in the η. Therefore, the polarity regulation achieved an increase in the oxidation amount of middle and long chain alkanes by increasing the ·OH transfer ratio, and consequently resulted in an increase in the oxidation amount of TPH.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural material-modified absorbent for phosphorus removal from waters.","authors":"Debora Nkhata, Wen Zhang, Seth Osei, WangCheng You, Doreen Donart Ambele","doi":"10.1007/s10653-026-03465-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-026-03465-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Excessive phosphorus accumulation in reservoirs is a major driver of eutrophication, necessitating sustainable remediation strategies that mitigate the limitations associated with metal-modified adsorbents. We propose a biochar-laterite-bentonite (BLB) composite as a synergistically engineered and low-cost natural adsorption system for phosphorus removal from waters. The scientific contribution of this work lies in demonstrating that effective phosphorus adsorption can be achieved through modification using natural materials, without reliance on rare-earth or heavy metal-modified adsorbents. By combining the high porosity of biochar, the structural stability and cation-exchange properties of bentonite, and the Fe/Al oxide-rich surfaces of laterite, the composite achieves enhanced adsorption through controlled exposure of active sites. Batch experiments identified BLB (4:4:1) as the optimal formulation, achieving an experimental adsorption capacity of 19.24 mg/g and 76.96% removal efficiency under batch conditions (10 mg/L of P, pH 6.5). Kinetic analysis was well described by both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models ( <math> <mrow><msup><mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>></mo> <mn>0.99</mn></mrow> </math> ), whereas the Langmuir model best described the adsorption isotherm. Langmuir isotherm modeling predicted a maximum monolayer capacity ( <math><msub><mi>q</mi> <mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> ) of 48.39 mgP/g at 45 °C ( <math> <mrow><msup><mi>R</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.9567</mn> <mo>-</mo> <mn>0.9948</mn></mrow> </math> ). Spectroscopic characterization indicated that phosphate uptake could be governed primarily by inner-sphere Fe/Al-O-P complexation, with precipitation contributing under selected conditions. Competitive inhibition experiments showed the interference order <math> <mrow><msubsup><mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo></mrow> </msubsup> <mo>></mo> <msubsup><mtext>SO</mtext> <mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo></mrow> </msubsup> <mo>></mo> <msubsup><mtext>NO</mtext> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mo>-</mo></msubsup> <mo>></mo> <msup><mrow><mtext>Cl</mtext></mrow> <mo>-</mo></msup> </mrow> </math> at constant conditions (temperature, P concentration, and pH), indicating that multivalent anions compete strongly for Fe/Al adsorption sites. Collectively, this study provides mechanistic insight into how modified-composite design with natural materials can enhance phosphorus adsorption, offering a sustainable and scalable alternative to conventional metal-modified adsorbents for eutrophication control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"48 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148929344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}