Tao Zhu, Guijuan Li, Yan Cheng, Hui Li, Min Zhou, Mengyao Jing
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Potential and degradation mechanism of sulfamethoxazole removal by the synergistic effect of micro-nano bubbles and sodium hypochlorite.
In this paper, the potential and mechanistic behavior of micro-nano bubbles (MNBs) synergistic with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were thoroughly investigated. In the MNBs-NaClO system, the effects of varying environmental factors (NaClO concentration, pH, inorganic anions, surfactants) on the degradation efficiency of SMX were investigated. The degradation products and pathways of SMX were investigated to reveal the degradation mechanism of antibiotics within the MNBs-NaClO system by using density functional theory (DFT) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The degradation rate of SMX increased with the increase of NaClO concentration. SMX allowed efficient degradation in a wide pH range. The inorganic anion PO43- showed a strong inhibitory effect on the degradation of SMX. Surfactants had a consistent inhibitory effect on the degradation progress of SMX. According to the degradation behavior of SMX in the MNBs-NaClO system, three degradation pathways were proposed: nitrosation, S-N bond breaking, chlorine substitution and chlorine oxidation. This study evaluated the removal efficiency of sulfonamide antibiotics by the synergistic MNBs-NaClO technology, revealing unique degradation mechanisms and fate pathways. It provides a critical theoretical basis for precisely predicting their environmental behavior and ecological risks in advanced oxidation systems/aquatic environments.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people.
Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes.
The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.
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