Environmental Geochemistry and Health最新文献

{"title":"Spatial distribution of Hg in Foliar and Road Dust in different Main Urban Function Area.","authors":"Huahua Pan, Yongjie Wang, Dongqi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02470-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02470-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shangrao City which is rich in mineral resources faces potential mercury (Hg) pollution in dust due to urban mining and industrial activities. To assess the potential health risks of Hg content, 35 foliar dust and 106 road dust samples were collected from 37 points in six urban functional areas. In order to analyze the Hg content and spatial distribution characteristics, the health risks were evaluated using US EPA guidelines. The results showed that the Hg content in foliar dust ranged from 67.9 to 2487.4 μg kg⁻¹ (mean: 475.1 ± 521.5 μg kg⁻¹), while the Hg content in road dust ranged from 24.2 to 191.5 μg kg⁻¹ (mean: 81.5 ± 70.7 μg kg⁻¹). The highest Hg content were in the high-tech industrial area, which were Jiangxi's soil Hg background by 15.3 times (foliar dust) and 2.4 times (road dust). The mean Hg content in foliar dust was ranked as high-tech industrial area > urban public green area > residential area > cultural and educational area > industrial park > commercial area. The mean Hg content in road dust was ranked as high-tech industrial area > urban public green area > cultural and educational area > commercial area > residential area > industrial park. Foliar dust Hg levels were significantly higher than road dust, with spatial distribution showing a decreasing trend from east to west. Chronic exposure to Hg was higher via hand-oral intake than respiratory inhalation, but non-carcinogenic risks were below 1, indicating no significant health hazards to residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new method for drinking water quality risk assessment based on data-driven.","authors":"Jin Wu, Tianyi Zhang, Haibo Chu, Yan Liu, Jianxin Song, Guoqiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02538-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02538-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk assessment of water quality plays a crucial role in sustainable management of water resource. However, evaluating drinking water quality risk for different types of water within the same framework is a challenging task. The Water Quality Index (WQI) has proven to be a cost-effective framework for assessing drinking water quality. But the conventional WQI approach is unable to deal with subjectivity, uncertainty, and boundary ambiguity involved in the assessment. To overcome these limitations, a total process improvement integrating machine learning, comprehensive weighting, and fuzzy mathematics with WQI-fuzzy and data-driven WQI (FDWQI) is proposed in this study for assessing drinking water quality. Based on the principle of index screening based on pollution risk and volatility, different index data sets were selected for different water bodies. The high area of the curve (AUC) and precision indicate that the model has been very successful and can be well applied to different types of water. The trapezoidal membership functions classified the model input parameters into desirable, fine and bad. The comparative assessment of the WQI models showed that the FDWQI predictions of the three drinking water qualities were more accurate and reasonable, and had greater interpretability. The assessment results indicate that some surface and groundwaters in the study area (73% surface water; 7% shallow groundwater; and 21% deep groundwater) have high water quality risks, with surface water having extremely severe water quality risks that are not potable. This study provides a good example of how to assess and compare the water quality risks of different water bodies under uniform criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global systematic review and meta-analysis of innovative technologies for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene remediation in soil and water.","authors":"Olive Mekontchou Yemele, Zhenhua Zhao, Mbezele Junior Yannick Ngaba, Ervice Ymele, Liling Xia, Wang Xiaorou, Prince Atta Opoku","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02515-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02515-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) is a persistent organic pollutant, which poses a serious concern due to its long-lasting and detrimental impact on soil and water quality. This study uses meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of various remediation methods for 1,2,4-TCB in water and soil. In water, the intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) demonstrated the highest removal rate (80%), followed by photocatalysis (PC, 69%), bioremediation (B, 53%), and photolysis (P, 42%). Optimal conditions for 1,2,4-TCB removal in water included short remediation times (< 5 days), higher temperatures (≥ 25 °C), neutral pH, and specific free radicals (H⁺ > •OH > •O₂^-). In soil, short-term remediation methods and suspended cultures showed higher removal rates. Topsoil depth layers (≤ 10 cm) exhibited better removal rates than subsoil (> 10 cm). Key factors influencing remediation effectiveness in water were hydraulic retention time (HRT), salinity, and water table depth, while in soil, remediation time and soil depth layer were the most significant. This research highlights the importance of optimizing remediation methods and environmental conditions to remove 1,2,4-TCB from contaminated sites effectively. Further investigation is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and optimal conditions for these remediation methods, particularly in soil. Effective remediation of 1,2,4-TCB requires a tailored approach considering specific environmental conditions and challenges in water and soil. The ICPB shows promise, especially in aquatic environments. However, further research is essential to optimize these methods, particularly for soil remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of traffic intensity and vehicular emissions on heavy metal content in vineyard soils, grapes, and wine: a comparative study of two vineyards in South Moravia (Czech Republic).","authors":"Lubomír Prokeš, Jitka Hegrová, Božena Průšová, Mojmír Baroň, Blanka Hablovičová, Jiří Sochor, Roman Ličbinský","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02530-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02530-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of vehicular traffic emissions on the contamination of wine production by heavy metals. For this purpose, selected heavy elements (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in the samples of vineyard soils, grapes, final wines, and samples from the various phases of the winemaking process of two South Moravian (Czech Republic) vineyards with different intensity of traffic. After the visualisation of the data, the interpretation of the results and risk assessment calculations were performed. The results obtained indicate that contamination of grapes with aerosol is the most important and soil contamination is of minor relevance. The application of fungicides was the primary source of copper and zinc in soils and grapes. During the winemaking process, there is a significant decrease in the content of heavy elements originating from emissions from vehicular traffic. However, winemaking technology was found to be the most important source of heavy elements in the final wine. The health risk assessment indicates a low risk of consumption of both grapes and wine from both the examined and the reference wineries.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12092489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of emission reduction measures on PM_2.5 sources and children's lung function in Jinan, China.","authors":"Deai Yang, Pengcheng Zuo, Mingjun Li, David Lim, Liangliang Cui, Zhihui Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02514-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02514-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many studies have reported the damaging effect of PM_2.5 on the lung function of school-age children, but the potential impact of different PM_2.5 sources remains unclear. This study analyzed the composition of PM_2.5 at a sampling site in Jinan City between 2014 and 2020. Coinciding with the implementation of the environmental protection policies in Jinan, the study time was segmented into three distinct periods. PM_2.5 and its components (such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) gradually decreased across these periods. The results of the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) showed that the concentrations of PM_2.5 were reduced to varying degrees for different sources. The generalized linear model, after adjustment, found that increased industrial emissions were associated with decreased FVC (OR: 0.92, 95%CI: 0.87-0.98) and FEV1 (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.86-0.96) in girls during Period 1. In Period 2, biomass burning and road dust were associated with a decrease in FVC (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.99) and FEV1 (OR 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85-0.99) for boys, and in the same period, the reductions in FVC (OR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83-0.97), FEV1 (OR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.85-0.97) and PEF (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.90) in girls were associated with gasoline combustion. No source was found to be associated with a decrease in lung function among school-age children in Period 3 when air quality improved substantially. The results suggest that the environmental protection policy in Jinan City has controlled PM_2.5 pollution levels to some extent, which may have improved children's lung function.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synoptic sampling to identify the major anions and cations of coal ash transport river by the application of isometric log-ratio transformation.","authors":"Vibhanshu Kumar, Priti Sagar, Birendra Bharti, Vipul T Shinde","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02521-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02521-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water quality in coalfield-adjacent river systems is significantly impacted by mining activities, yet accurately quantifying pollution sources remains challenging. Present study focuses on differentiating the water-chemistry of parent-stream and its source areas surrounding coalfields where pollution is extensive and complexly affected by ground and surface water interactions. Through this study, an effort has been made to show the application synoptic sampling technique integrated with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the synoptic mass balance method to quantify the level of pollution in Nalkari River, India. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of mining operations on stream water quality through laboratory techniques and statistical methods. In this study, stream load is quantified by the synoptic mass balance method, in which the spatial distribution of the stream is studied using detailed sampling. In addition, the PCA was conducted both with and without the application of the Isometric Log-Ratio (ILR) transformation, as implemented in the laboratory analysis of the collected samples. The PCA analysis shows positive loadings of Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄^-, Fe⁺ and HCO₃^- as factor 1 in the Nalkari River stream. The study identifies PCA with ILR transformation, dominant cations (Na + > K + > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Fe⁺) and traced anions (Cl^- > HCO₃^- > SO₄^- > F^- > NO₃^-) in surface water samples, providing deeper insights into underlying biogeochemical processes. The mining activity affects the watershed by mobilising contaminants, which depicts the water chemistry under the study and by integrating the synoptic sampling and PCA, which resembles a conceptual contaminant dynamic model that can be used to develop the remediation framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the impact of aged microplastics on agricultural soil enzyme activity, lettuce growth, and oxidative stress.","authors":"Fan Fan, Shuicao Liu, Yongfeng Jiang, Dongdong Zou, Yuan Zhang, Congyang Zou","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02529-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02529-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) represent an increasingly significant source of pollution, with their ubiquitous presence not only contaminating soil but also influencing plant growth. To elucidate the effects of MPs on soil-plant systems, this study examined the impact of exposure to aged polystyrene (PS), polyethylene, and polylactic acid (PLA) MPs at varying concentrations (0.1%, 1%, 5%, and 10%) on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, lettuce growth, and oxidative stress conditions in a pot experiment. The results indicated that high concentrations (5% and 10%) of PLA increased soil urease activity by 18.27% and 23.57%, respectively, whereas PS reduced it by 12.02% and 27.15%, respectively, compared to the control. High concentrations (5% and 10%) of PLA reduced the fresh weight of lettuce leaves and roots by 58.38-61.08% and 49.20-51.68%, respectively. The addition of all three MPs increased the soluble sugar content in lettuce leaves by 34.10-65.30%. The presence of all three types of MPs significantly enhanced catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in lettuce leaves at concentrations of 0.1%, 1%, and 5%, with the greatest increase in SOD activity (26.06-31.34%) observed at the 5% concentration. Root CAT activity was elevated at low concentrations (0.1% and 1%), whereas 10% PLA significantly suppressed both CAT and SOD activities. Integrated biomarker response analysis showed that MPs induced oxidative stress in lettuce. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the potential ecological risks posed by MPs to the soil-plant system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric quantification and 3D molecular structural analysis of tricyclic antidepressant in marine dissolved organic matter.","authors":"Bojidarka Ivanova","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02519-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02519-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antidepressants show widespread administration and higher market demand causing for their increasing concentrations in the environment; thus, highlighting the aquatic systems. This further leads to synergistic effects when antidepressants and metal ions interact simultaneously on free-living aquatic organisms. Therefore, the monitoring of the environmental pollution by antidepressants is imperative to develop proper management strategies for eco-toxicological human health risk assessment. The study applies innovative stochastic dynamics equations for exact processing of mass spectrometric variables to (i) identify and quantify carbamazepine, amitriptyline, and scandoside in marine dissolved organic matter in presence of their oxidized products and complex sample matrix effect; and (ii) determine them 3D molecular structurally; thus, increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of the mass spectrometric protocol. The development of novel methods for mass spectrometric quantitative and structural analysis is of significant importance. Available methods for database matching algorithms and standard spectral library show low cosine similarity values (0.8-0.88) due to the fact that marine organic matter is the most complex natural chemical mixture reducing the method performances of the available protocols. The routinely used selected reaction monitoring approach detecting only analytes of interest could not detect interfering antidepressants due to their environmental chemical transformation. Furthermore, there is difference in retention times ΔRTs = 0.05 min; thus, also presenting reliable co-chromatographic analysis. There are utilised ultra-high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometric and co-chromatographic methods, high accuracy computational quantum chemical approaches, and chemometrics. The provided empirical proof of the novel tool using the linear equation D&lt;sup&gt;\"&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;SD&lt;/sub&gt; = f(conc.), which drastically assists capability and performances of the analytical mass spectrometry; furthermore, at very low concentration levels within 0.28 ng L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;-1 ng.(mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). The quantification of carbamazepine in wastewater waste water effluent via traditional methods show |r|= 0.99448, while the application to the novel formulas D&lt;sup&gt;''&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;SD&lt;/sub&gt; = f(conc.) cause for |r|= 0.99961 within linear dynamic range 5-200 ng mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The method is accurate showing parameters 237.1764; sd(yEr ±) = 0-0.01356, and se(yEr ±) = 0-0.00959 depending on the sample matrix effect. It is also precise, showing m/z 237.2&lt;sub&gt;67&lt;/sub&gt; ± 0.088 and m/z 194.21&lt;sub&gt;913&lt;/sub&gt; ± 0.03842 via single and tandem operation modes. The chromatographic performances show RT = 18.32&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;, sd(yEr ±) = 0.013, and se(yEr ±) = 0.0075. The sample matrix effect is evaluated via pre- and post extraction spike data both using selected reaction monitoring and full scan operation modes. Two approaches assessing the matrix effect are discuss","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"211"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden threats beneath: uncovering the bio-accessible hazards of chromite-asbestos mine waste and their impacts on rice components via multi-machine learning algorithm.","authors":"Sonali Banerjee, Saibal Ghosh, Jyoti Prajapati, Pradip Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02500-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02500-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chromite-asbestos mining leaves behind tonnes of toxic waste, contaminating nearby agricultural fields with potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Over time, wind and water erosion spread these pollutants, severely impacting the ecosystem, food chain, and human health. This study evaluates the bioaccessible (stomach and intestinal phases) and leachable forms of PTEs, emphasizing the health and dietary risks associated with PTE pollution in this region. The study result indicates that the leachable and bio-accessible PTEs concentrations in agricultural soil, mainly Cr and Ni, were higher in zone 1 (mine tailings dumping area) and zone 2 (tailings contaminated soil) than zone 3 (uncontaminated soil). PTEs content in rice parts, mainly in boiled rice, showed moderate risk in the SAMOE model from Cr (0.011) and Ni (0.013) while in rice (without husk), it indicated high (class 5) dietary risk. The Fuzzy-TOPSIS, artificial neural network, and Monte-Carlo simulation models all demonstrated that Cr was the major contributor to anthropogenic risk. Compared to adults (5.08E-05), children (1.88E-03) were more vulnerable to total carcinogenic risk via ingestion pathway. Machine learning methods have been implemented to forecast the effects of leachable PTEs on soil-rice systems and possible health hazards associated with consuming food from the chromite-asbestos waste-contaminated zone. The survey-based Fuzzy-DEMATEL technique also showed that consumption of starch and cooked rice were the most crucial factors influencing the population's health risk. Overall, the implications of the statistical model may aid in assessing potential health hazards and enhancing regulations for ecosystem preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical characterization and health risk assessment of groundwater in Wadi Ranyah, Saudi Arabia, using statistical and GIS-based models.","authors":"Ahmed A Asmoay, Eltaher M Shams, Wael F Galal, Ahmed Mohamed, Rashad Sawires","doi":"10.1007/s10653-025-02517-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10653-025-02517-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Groundwater in Wadi Ranyah, the main water source for local communities, was analyzed using 77 samples to evaluate physicochemical properties, major ions, and heavy metal concentrations. While most parameters met World Health Organization (WHO) standards, levels of arsenic, lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel exceeded permissible limits. Hydrochemical analyses were conducted using Piper and Durov diagrams, alongside health risk assessments based on statistical ratios established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The analysis identified two dominant water types (SO₄·Cl-Ca·Mg and HCO₃-Ca·Mg), influenced by ion exchange, evaporite dissolution, and silicate weathering. Health risk assessment, based on US EPA models, revealed significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, particularly for children. Oral ingestion accounted for the majority of exposure, with arsenic and lead being the most hazardous. Dermal exposure risks were comparatively lower. The identified health threats include potential dermatological, cardiovascular, and neurological effects, and an increased cancer risk. Based on these findings, groundwater in Wadi Ranyah is unsuitable for drinking without treatment. Mitigation strategies such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange filtration, and continuous monitoring are recommended to reduce heavy metal contamination and protect public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11759,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","volume":"47 6","pages":"208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}