{"title":"Traumatic copulation and counterpart female traits are widespread in fritillary butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Argynnini)","authors":"Tatsuki MATOBA, Yoshitaka KAMIMURA, Kazunori YOSHIZAWA","doi":"10.1111/ens.12570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12570","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Female fritillary butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Argynnini) are known to have diversified genital structures, especially at the entrance of the bursa copulatrix. However, the origin and function of such elaborated structures are poorly known to date. We examined the male and female genital structures of six Japanese species selected from five genera/subgenera [<i>Argynnis</i> (<i>Argynnis</i>), <i>Argynnis</i> (<i>Damora</i>), <i>Argynnis</i> (<i>Argyronome</i>), <i>Fabriciana</i>, and <i>Speyeria</i>] of the Argynnini tribe and found that traumatic copulation is widespread in Argynnini. Various male genital structures, such as the uncus, valva, and phallus, can cause wounds to the female genitalia. The eighth venter of the female, where the highest morphological diversity in female genitalia was detected, is hooked and held by the male uncus during copulation. It is very likely that the diversified female genital structure coevolved with the male uncus as a counterpart for traumatic coupling.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental adaptation and genetic variations in geographically isolated Emma field crickets Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)","authors":"Tetsuo Arai, Miwa Tanaka (UEDA), Chiaki Arikawa (ANDO), Momoko Kiyota, Sinzo Masaki","doi":"10.1111/ens.12569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12569","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Emma field cricket, <i>Teleogryllus emma</i> (Ohmachi & Matsuura), distributed between 43°N and 30°N in the Japanese archipelago, is univoltine and overwinters in the egg stage. Its eggs hatch on the slope of the Oishi Dam (38.03°N, 139.57°E, 160–170 m a.s.l.) in late June, adults begin emerging from late August, and oviposition lasts until early October. Oviposition is limited to the period when the water level of the Oishi Dam is low. The period from egg hatching to adult emergence is approximately 1 month shorter than that of the <i>T. emma</i> population on the Arakawa riverside (38.09°N, 139.57°E, 29 m a.s.l.), which is approximately only 7 km from the Oishi Dam. The egg and body sizes of <i>T. emma</i> on the slope of the Oishi Dam were smaller than those of <i>T. emma</i> on the Arakawa riverside, and the egg and nymphal periods were shorter; these variations were inherited by the next generation of <i>T. emma</i>. The egg period, nymphal period and head width of <i>T. emma</i> on the dam slope correspond to those of the populations near 40°N. Several traits of the <i>T. emma</i> population on the dam slope were naturally selected by adapting to the isolated environment, resulting in the genetic variations. However, their variations were small and the period after isolation is short, suggesting that it is in the early stages of speciation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140053060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possible mechanisms mitigating reproductive interference supposed between Xylena fumosa (Butler) and X. formosa (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Xyleninae), both by-captured in a commercial pheromone trap for Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae)","authors":"Katsuyuki Kohno, Hiroyuki Iida","doi":"10.1111/ens.12567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As differences in sex pheromones usually act as a barrier against interspecific mating, the fact that the closely related moths <i>Xylena fumosa</i> (Butler) and <i>X. formosa</i> (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Xyleninae) are commonly attracted to the sex pheromone lure for <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) seems unlikely, suggesting that some mechanisms exist between them to mitigate a potential reproductive interference in pheromone communications. Thus, we examined the overlaps in ecological niches of the two species, and their attractiveness to commercial pheromone lures for other moths, through pheromone trap surveys and published reports. Long-term field surveys using traps baited with five to six types of artificial sex pheromone lures including those designed for <i>H. armigera</i>, and information in published works revealed that there was a nonnegligible overlap between the two species in terms of seasonal timing of captures, geographic habitats and host plants. These factors, therefore, did not appear to provide conclusive evidence mitigating reproductive interference. However, there was a slight but significant difference between them in the trends of attraction to different artificial pheromone lures; <i>X. formosa</i> was attracted albeit in a small number to the lures for <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), whereas <i>X. fumosa</i> was only attracted to those for <i>H. armigera</i>. This suggests that differences in pheromone composition, rather than differences in temporal and spatial distributions, between the two species could play a more significant role in premating reproductive isolations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139695450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gengping Zhu, Tatiana N. Bush, Katherine S. Burgstahler, Nathaniel Green, Hannah Cook, Emily Rampone, Salena Helmreich, Riley M. Reed, Joshua M. Milnes, David W. Crowder
{"title":"Estimating the potential distribution of yellow spotted stink bug (Erthesina fullo) using ecological niche models","authors":"Gengping Zhu, Tatiana N. Bush, Katherine S. Burgstahler, Nathaniel Green, Hannah Cook, Emily Rampone, Salena Helmreich, Riley M. Reed, Joshua M. Milnes, David W. Crowder","doi":"10.1111/ens.12566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12566","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive insect species threaten the productivity of ecosystems worldwide, and ecological niche models can be used to predict distributions of invaders and guide management efforts. Ecological niche models can also aid monitoring for invasive species that are globally distributed. One such species is the yellow spotted stink bug (<i>Erthesina fullo</i> Thunberg), a polyphagous pest native to Asia that has established in Europe and South America and threatens specialty crops. Here, we used ecological niche models to predict the potential distribution of <i>E. fullo</i>, and created a website to display predictions. We show that <i>E. fullo</i> has peak occurrence probability in areas with annual mean temperatures around 20°C, and that the occurrence probability increases as maximum monthly temperature reaches up to 38°C. The likelihood of occurrence decreased as annual precipitation increased, but increased with greater precipitation in the wettest and driest months. This suggests <i>E. fullo</i> is most suited to regions that are warm and dry and where most precipitation occurs across only a few months, such as southern North America, central and southern South America, southern Europe, southern Africa, and central and eastern Australia. Given that <i>E. fullo</i> is a highly mobile hitchhiking insect that travels through cargo and other containers to new areas, the potential spread of this species into new regions should be carefully monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ens.12566","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138571014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovery of a new population of the endangered giant water bug Kirkaldyia deyrolli (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) in Kyushu and evaluation of their genetic structure","authors":"Tomoya Suzuki, Hidetaka Ichiyanagi, Shin-ya Ohba","doi":"10.1111/ens.12564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The giant water bug <i>Kirkaldyia deyrolli</i> is one of the most well-known endangered aquatic insects in Japan. The population of this species in Kyushu, one of the four major islands of the Japanese Archipelago, is extremely limited. In the present study, we identified a new population of <i>K. deyrolli</i> and undertook population genetic structure analyses based on genome-wide nuclear DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We collected samples using a nonlethal sampling method and obtained 59,279 SNPs. The results of our study confirm that sufficient SNP data for population genetic structure analysis can be obtained through nonlethal sampling. We determined that the newly identified population is genetically differentiated from a previously identified population on Kyushu. Therefore, this population is considered highly important for the conservation of <i>K. deyrolli</i> in Kyushu.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138502896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology and behavior of ergatandromorph in Camponotus yamaokai Terayama & Satoh, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"Kazuma Chiyoda, Hiro Yoshimura, Kanata Inoue, Kazuhisa Yamasaki, Toshiyuki Satoh, Satoshi Koyama","doi":"10.1111/ens.12565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12565","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ergatandromorphs are examples of genetic chimeras found in ants, in which they exhibit features of both minor workers and males. In this study, we report a lateral ergatandromorph of <i>Camponotus yamaokai</i> Terayama & Satoh, 1990. The right side of this specimen was characterized as a male and the left side as a minor worker, although some body parts did not show a clear division. The specimen had partially atrophied genitalia on the right side of the metasoma while the genital structures on the left side were absent. The individual engaged in frequent self-grooming and received trophallaxis and allogrooming from the nestmates. This is the first report of the lateral ergatandromorph in the genus <i>Camponotus</i>, which has few documented cases of gynandromorphism.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138468423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Himender Bharti, Jaspreet Kaur, Eduardo G. P. Fox, Meenakshi Bharti
{"title":"Larval instar estimation and ultra-structural analysis of Aphaenogaster cristata (Forel, 1902) and Aphaenogaster pachei (Forel, 1906) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Himalayas","authors":"Himender Bharti, Jaspreet Kaur, Eduardo G. P. Fox, Meenakshi Bharti","doi":"10.1111/ens.12563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ontogeny of an organism provides fundamental insights into its life history and evolutionary background. Among insects, especially ants, relatively few observations have been formalized about the morphology of immature stages. Using light and scanning electron microscopy, this study presents the first description of the different larval instars of <i>Aphaenogaster cristata</i> (Forel, 1902) and <i>Aphaenogaster pachei</i> (Forel, 1906), species endemic to the Himalayas that predominate in areas where cold temperature stress and disturbances limit the presence of other ants. The existence of four larval instars was estimated based on the frequency distribution of their measured maximum head widths. We observed discrete alterations in the body constitution and parts among the different instars, suggesting they must follow similar habits until pupation. The two species, however, present noticeable particularities in their mandibles and hair types, suggesting intrinsic life adaptations. Observed traits complementary with previous descriptions with larvae of the genus and related taxa are suggestive of considerable evolutionary distance from <i>Messor</i>, considered the sister clade, which merits further taxonomic investigation in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138432360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of foraging in two syntopic ant species, Manica yessensis and Formica lemani, on Mount Fuji, Japan","authors":"Keiichi Masuko","doi":"10.1111/ens.12562","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ens.12562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatiotemporal characteristics of terrestrial foraging were studied in two ant species, <i>Manica yessensis</i> and <i>Formica lemani</i>, in a volcanic desert on the southeast slope of Mount Fuji, Gotenba, Japan. Both ants are common in this habitat, and they construct underground nests in this dry area with sparse vegetation. Nests of <i>M. yessensis</i> have multiple nest-openings on the surface, whereas nests of <i>F. lemani</i> have very few openings, but their nesting and foraging areas overlap completely. A “mark-and-observe” method applied to <i>M. yessensis</i> demonstrated that worker ants of this species move between openings more than 3 m away. A study plot (6 m × 12 m quadrat) was set up, in which all nest-openings of both species were mapped. Day-long observations on numbers of foragers in this plot revealed that foraging <i>M. yessensis</i> are active in morning and evening, while <i>F. lemani</i> continues foraging all day, but both species cease activity at night. Associations between locations of foragers and nest-openings differed significantly between the two species, that is, surface foraging of <i>M. yessensis</i> workers was largely confined to the vicinity of their nest-openings, whereas foragers of <i>F. lemani</i> travelled far from their nest-openings. The function of multiple nest-openings in <i>M. yessensis</i> is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ens.12562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135316353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oviposition preference for spherical surfaces is shared among multiple Drosophila species except D. melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)","authors":"Junichi Akutsu, Takashi Matsuo","doi":"10.1111/ens.12560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12560","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oviposition preference for spherical substrates has been reported in some insects but not in <i>Drosophila</i> species until the recent finding that <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> preferentially lays eggs on spherical surfaces with a smaller radius, whereas <i>D. melanogaster</i> does not. This finding raised two questions: (i) Was this trait specifically acquired in <i>D. suzukii</i> or lost in <i>D. melanogaster</i>? (ii) In the latter case, is it due to the long-term laboratory culture using oviposition substrates with flat surfaces? To answer these questions, we examined the oviposition preference of three <i>Drosophila</i> species using the stocks recently established from wild individuals. As with <i>D. suzukii</i>, <i>D. simulans</i> and <i>D. takahashii</i> showed significant preference for spherical surfaces with a smaller radius, suggesting that this trait is shared by multiple <i>Drosophila</i> species. In contrast, <i>D. melanogaster</i> did not show any preference for either smaller or larger radii, showing that the preference already has been lost in the natural population of <i>D. melanogaster</i>. It may be possible that the loss of oviposition preference for spherical surfaces is involved in the evolutionary process of <i>D. melanogaster</i> becoming a human commensal.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ens.12560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50122391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}