{"title":"A review of the genus Leptopa Zetterstedt, 1838 (Diptera: Scathophagidae) from Japan, with descriptions of two new species","authors":"Mitsuhiro Iwasa","doi":"10.1111/ens.12590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12590","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The genus <i>Leptopa</i> Zetterstedt, 1838, which was recently regarded as a senior synonym of the genus <i>Parallelomma</i> Becker <i>in</i> Strobl, 1894 by Ozerov and Krivosheina (2023), is reviewed from Japan. Four species were identified, of which two new species, <i>Leptopa kanmiyai</i> <b>sp</b>. <b>nov</b>. and <i>L. yezonica</i> <b>sp</b>. <b>nov</b>., are described. The distributional records of all four species in Japan are given, and <i>Leptopa hostae</i> (Hering) is also recorded from the Republic of Korea for the first time. <i>Leptopa yezonica</i> <b>sp</b>. <b>nov</b>. was reared from the leaves of <i>Polygonatum odoratum</i> (Mill.) Druce var. <i>pluriflorum</i> (Miq.) Ohwi in Hokkaido, and its puparium is described. A key to the Japanese species of <i>Leptopa</i> is also provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Campili Pereira, German Antonio Villanueva-Bonilla, Lilian De Andrade Santiago, Diego Galvão De Pádua, José Eduardo Serrão, Thiago Gechel Kloss, Jober Fernando Sobczak
{"title":"Immature stages and natural history of Eruga unilabiana (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an ectoparasitoid of two linyphiid spiders","authors":"Luis Campili Pereira, German Antonio Villanueva-Bonilla, Lilian De Andrade Santiago, Diego Galvão De Pádua, José Eduardo Serrão, Thiago Gechel Kloss, Jober Fernando Sobczak","doi":"10.1111/ens.12589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12589","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wasps from the <i>Polysphincta</i> genus group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) are currently the only parasitoid wasps that are ectoparasitoids of spiders. The species of the group exhibit several morphological and behavioral adaptations, which allow exploiting their host spiders. Here, we describe the external morphology, behavior and natural history of the immature stages of a Darwin wasp <i>Eruga unilabiana</i> Pádua & Sobczak, 2018, a parasitoid of sheet-weaving spiders, <i>Sphecozone</i> sp. and <i>Eurymorion</i> sp. (Linyphiidae). The egg of <i>E. unilabiana</i> is a white mass that is deposited in the anterior region of the spider's abdomen. First stage larvae partially emerge from the egg's chorion. Second stage larvae have a body divided into 13 segments and induce spiders to build a modified web. The third stage larvae have eight pairs of retractable dorsal tubercles with tiny little hooks that help the larvae hang and move on the web threads after the spider dies. These results indicate that the immature stages of <i>E. unilabiana</i> present the same basic morphological and behavioral characteristics already known for the species of the group. However, the last stage larva's strategy of moving first to hang on the web threads before killing the spider is the first record in the group and more studies are needed to assess whether this behavior is adaptive for the wasp.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Molero-Baltanás, Nicolas Degallier, Miquel Gaju-Ricart, Thomas Parmentier
{"title":"Finding a nest: Ant-associated silverfish (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) moving outside granivorous Messor nests (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)","authors":"Rafael Molero-Baltanás, Nicolas Degallier, Miquel Gaju-Ricart, Thomas Parmentier","doi":"10.1111/ens.12592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12592","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ant nests accommodate a diverse group of strictly associated arthropods. Most of these arthropods are seldom observed outside their host nest, emphasizing significant gaps in our knowledge regarding their biology. We recorded a series of field observations of lepismatid silverfish (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) moving outside their usual <i>Messor</i> nest habitat in southern Spain and France. We illustrate how they move between different nests and locate nests by closely tracking the foraging trails of their hosts. Additionally, we confirm a prior observation that they can follow their host ants when they migrate to a new nest site. Our observations offer new insights into the hidden biology and the intricate interactions of specialized arthropod symbionts with their hosts within a spatial context.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different habitat use of two Cybister (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) species larvae in a paddy field water system","authors":"Taichi Fukuoka, Ryo TAMURA, Shin-ya OHBA, Masahide YUMA","doi":"10.1111/ens.12595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12595","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, it has been suggested that <i>Cybister tripunctatus lateralis</i> is increasing in abundance and expanding its distribution, and there is concern about the effects of interspecific competition with another congeneric species, <i>Cybister brevis</i>. Although the two species appear to have overlapping niches, they are often observed sympatrically. Larval habitat use by the two species was investigated in a paddy field water system. The results display that <i>C. brevis</i> was more abundant in ditches and <i>C. tripunctatus lateralis</i> was more abundant in paddy fields. It is thought that <i>C. tripunctatus lateralis</i>, which has an ecology suited to high temperatures, has selected paddy fields, where water temperatures tend to rise, as its reproductive habitat. In contrast, phenology was generally synchronized, and no differences in underwater position in the rice paddies were observed. Thus, niches overlap in paddy fields and interspecific competition may occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differences in sampling efficiency of each insect order in yellow pan traps with installation of flight interception windows","authors":"Kazushige Uemori, Takuo Hishi","doi":"10.1111/ens.12591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12591","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To monitor insect diversity and community changes, it is necessary to select traps with a high sampling efficiency. We examined the effects of a flight interception window on a small yellow pan trap (flight interception pan; FIP). Our results showed that fewer Hymenoptera individuals were captured by the FIP than by the non-FIP (NFIP) traps. Fewer Aculeata, Diptera and Hemiptera individuals were captured by the FIP than by the NFIP traps, whereas more Coleoptera individuals were captured by the FIP than by the NFIP traps. The flight interception window did not affect the Aculeata species composition. Considering the labor involved in attaching windows and the reduced ease of trap transport and setting, the NFIP traps are better for sampling Hymenoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera, whereas the FIP traps are better for sampling Coleoptera.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Karyotype diversity of Polybia (gr. occidentalis) species complex (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Taxonomic and evolutionary implications","authors":"Priscila Marchioro, Marina Souza Cunha, Lucio Antônio Oliveira Campos, Denilce Meneses Lopes","doi":"10.1111/ens.12593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Polybia</i> is a common wasp genus found in most of South America. <i>Polybia</i> (gr. <i>occidentalis</i>) encompasses several species that are difficult to identify because of their similar morphologies. Our goal was to cytogenetically characterize three species belonging to <i>Polybia</i> (gr. <i>occidentalis</i>) and discuss the importance of cytogenetic data for integrative taxonomy. <i>Polybia</i> colonies were sampled from different regions of Brazil to perform classical and molecular cytogenetic analyses. <i>Polybia paulista</i> and <i>Polybia</i> sp. 1 showed 2<i>n</i> = 34 and <i>18S</i> rDNA loci on two chromosomes, whereas <i>Polybia</i> sp. 2 showed 2<i>n</i> = 40 and <i>18S</i> rDNA clusters on four chromosomes. The microsatellites GA<sub>(15)</sub>, GAG<sub>(10)</sub>, CAA<sub>(10)</sub>, TTAGG<sub>(6)</sub>, and TCAGG<sub>(6)</sub> showed similar distributions among the species, forming blocks in the euchromatic regions of the chromosomes, whereas CGG<sub>(10)</sub> did not yield any positive markings. In contrast, TAT<sub>(10)</sub> hybridized on the centromeric heterochromatin, showing differences in the number of marked chromosomes among the species. Therefore, it may potentially be a species-specific cytotaxonomic marker in this group of wasps, but this feature needs further investigation. Fluorochromes evidenced that AT-rich DAPI<sup>+</sup> sequence distribution was coincident with heterochromatin, while the distribution of CG-rich CMA<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> sequences was coincident with the <i>18S</i> rDNA region. The present study revealed differences in diploid number, heterochromatin content, <i>18S</i> rDNA sites, and microsatellite patterns between morphologically similar species, demonstrating the usefulness of cytotaxonomy in studying species complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142555332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew McKinney, Roghaiyeh Karimzadeh, Yong-Lak Park
{"title":"How far should adjacent pan traps be placed for bee sampling?","authors":"Matthew McKinney, Roghaiyeh Karimzadeh, Yong-Lak Park","doi":"10.1111/ens.12594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among several methods of active and passive sampling bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), pan traps, also known as bee bowls, are commonly utilized for their efficiency and as a means of avoiding collector bias. When comparing pan-trap samples using traditional statistical methods, the assumption of independence among samples needs to be met. To determine the necessary distance between pan traps to obtain independent samples, we investigated spatial dependence in bee catches using pan traps at four sites. At each site, a regular grid of pan traps was laid out, with each sample having two colors of fluorescent trap (i.e. blue and yellow). These trap pairs were separated by 10 m, with 100–109 points in the grid. In addition, five points within the grid were chosen randomly, and an additional 40 traps were placed at 2 m and 4 m from the five sample points to sample bees at a minimum 2 m trap distance. Traps collected bees for five consecutive days and bees were counted for each point and each trap color. Bee count data were analyzed using geostatistics to determine the spatial dependency in trap catches for yellow traps, blue traps, and both colors combined. The highest value of the range parameter of the semivariogram found across the four sites and pan trap colors was 17 m for blue traps. From this, we recommend a conservative minimum distance of 17 m between adjacent pan traps to obtain spatially independent samples for optimizing sampling plans when independent samples are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of the extant species of the Japanese Stephanidae (Hymenoptera), with discussion on distribution pattern and conservation importance","authors":"Kyohei Watanabe","doi":"10.1111/ens.12588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Japanese species of the family Stephanidae Leach, 1815 are revised. A total of nine extant species are recognized from Japan, including two new species, <i>Megischus pretiosus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> and <i>Parastephanellus ryukyuensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, and one species, <i>Foenatopus ruficollis</i> (Enderlein, 1913), is newly recorded from Japan. The female of <i>Foenatopus cervinus</i> Townes, 1958 and the male of <i>Megischus baogong</i> Ge & Tan, 2022 are newly described. A key to the Japanese genera and species of this family is proposed. The biogeographic pattern and the origin of Japanese stephanids, the role of Kuroshio Current, and the conservation importance of endemic species to the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142447475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual roles of terrestrial isopods in seed predation and seed dispersal in Phacellanthus tubiflorus (Orobancheaceae)","authors":"Kenji Suetsugu, Osamu Nakanishi","doi":"10.1111/ens.12586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12586","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Terrestrial isopods are known to play significant roles in litter decomposition and seed predation. The present study examines the function of terrestrial isopods, particularly <i>Armadillidium vulgare</i> and <i>Armadillidium nasatum</i>, in the seed dispersal of a nonphotosynthetic plant, <i>Phacellanthus tubiflorus</i>. These isopods were observed ingesting seeds in the natural habitat of <i>P. tubiflorus</i> in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Contrary to the prevailing belief that invertebrates do not serve as effective internal seed dispersers, our analysis demonstrated that some seeds ingested by <i>A. vulgare</i> and <i>A. nasatum</i> were excreted whole, with viability rates comparable to those of seeds directly sourced from fruits. This indicates that these isopods could act not only as seed predators but also as seed dispersers. The research highlights the importance of further exploration into the ecological contributions of isopods and other invertebrates as seed dispersers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hinata Ohura, Miyuu Matsumoto, Aina Yoshimura, Shin-ya Ohba
{"title":"Life history of different giant water bug, Appasus japonicus (Belostomatidae: Heteroptera), populations throughout the Japanese Archipelago","authors":"Hinata Ohura, Miyuu Matsumoto, Aina Yoshimura, Shin-ya Ohba","doi":"10.1111/ens.12585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12585","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As temperatures in the Japanese Archipelago vary, species widely distributed in Japan should have different active periods, ecologies, and life histories. Information on developmental zero and effective accumulated temperature is necessary to estimate life history. The giant water bug, <i>Appasus japonicus</i>, found in rice paddies, ponds, and other lentic waters, is distributed throughout Japan except for the Ryukyu Islands, and is a representative taxon in which the male cares for the eggs. In this study, we investigated the life history, including the length of the breeding season, of different <i>A. japonicus</i> populations from Hokkaido, Ibaraki, Hyogo, and Nagasaki. The developmental period, developmental zero, and effective accumulated temperature of the eggs and nymphs showed no significant differences among the populations. The life history for each population was estimated based on climate data. This showed that the Hokkaido population had a shorter and more extremely limited breeding season than the other populations. The estimated number of generations during one breeding season was approximately one in Hokkaido, two in Ibaraki and Hyogo, and three in Nagasaki. The estimated number of times males cared for eggs during the breeding season was less than one in Hokkaido, eight in Ibaraki and Hyogo, and twelve in Nagasaki. Although Belostomatidae may carry multiple egg masses during the breeding season, this study shows that the male of the Hokkaido population does not care for multiple egg masses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11745,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}