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Non-equilibrium phase transitions in active rank diffusions 活跃等级扩散中的非平衡相变
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad222b
Leo Touzo, Pierre Le Doussal
{"title":"Non-equilibrium phase transitions in active rank diffusions","authors":"Leo Touzo, Pierre Le Doussal","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad222b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad222b","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> We consider N run-and-tumble particles in one dimension interacting via a linear 1D Coulomb potential, an active version of the rank diffusion problem. It was solved previously for N=2 leading to a stationary bound state in the attractive case. Here the evolution of the density fields is obtained in the large N limit in terms of two coupled Burger’s type equations. In the attractive case the exact stationary solution describes a non-trivial N-particle bound state, which exhibits transitions between a phase where the density is smooth with infinite support, a phase where the density has finite support and exhibits ”shocks”, i.e. clusters of particles, at the edges, and a fully clustered phase. In presence of an additional linear potential, the phase diagram, obtained for either sign of the interaction, is even richer, with additional partially expanding phases, with or without shocks. Finally, a general self-consistent method is introduced to treat more general interactions. The predictions are tested through numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elasticity, plasticity and screening in amorphous solids: A short review 无定形固体的弹性、塑性和筛分：简评
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad2087
Avanish Kumar, Itamar Procaccia
{"title":"Elasticity, plasticity and screening in amorphous solids: A short review","authors":"Avanish Kumar, Itamar Procaccia","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad2087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad2087","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> The aim of this short review is to summarize the developing theory aimed at describing the effect of plastic events in amorphous solids on its emergent mechanics. Experiments and simulations present anomalous mechanical response of amorphous solids where quadrupolar plastic events collectively induce distributed dipoles that are analogous to dislocations in crystalline solids. The novel theory is described, and a number of pertinent examples are provided, including the comparison of theoretical prediction to simulations or experiments.&amp;#xD;","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Portfolio diversification with varying investor abilities 投资组合多样化，投资者能力各异
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad1ef2
Nick James, Max Menzies
{"title":"Portfolio diversification with varying investor abilities","authors":"Nick James, Max Menzies","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad1ef2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad1ef2","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> We introduce new mathematical methods to study the optimal portfolio size of investment portfolios over time, considering investors with varying skill levels. First, we explore the benefit of portfolio diversification on an annual basis for poor, average and strong investors defined by the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles of risk-adjusted returns, respectively. Second, we conduct a thorough regression experiment examining quantiles of risk-adjusted return as a function of portfolio size across investor ability, testing for trends and curvature within these functions. Finally, we study the optimal portfolio size for poor, average and strong investors in a continuously temporal manner using more than 20 years of data. We show that strong investors should hold concentrated portfolios, poor investors should hold diversified portfolios; average investors have a less obvious distribution with the optimal number varying materially over time.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non-equilibrium attractor for non-linear stochastic dynamics 非线性随机动力学的非平衡吸引子
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad1d70
Antonio Patrón, Bernardo Sánchez-Rey, Emmanuel Trizac, Antonio Prados
{"title":"Non-equilibrium attractor for non-linear stochastic dynamics","authors":"Antonio Patrón, Bernardo Sánchez-Rey, Emmanuel Trizac, Antonio Prados","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad1d70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad1d70","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> We study the dynamical behaviour of mesoscopic systems in contact with a thermal bath, described either via a non-linear Langevin equation at the trajectory level---or the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation for the probability distribution function at the ensemble level. Our focus is put on one-dimensional---or $d$-dimensional isotropic---systems in confining potentials, with detailed balance---fluctuation-dissipation thus holds, and the stationary probability distribution has the canonical form at the bath temperature. When quenching the bath temperature to low enough values, a far-from-equilibrium state emerges that rules the dynamics over a characteristic intermediate timescale. Such a long-lived state has a Dirac-delta probability distribution function and attracts all solutions over this intermediate timescale, in which the initial conditions are immaterial while the influence of the bath is still negligible. Numerical evidence and qualitative physical arguments suggest that the above picture extends to higher-dimensional systems, with anisotropy and interactions.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stay in your lane: Density fluctuations in multi-lane traffic 保持在自己的车道上：多车道交通中的密度波动
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad1c05
Jeremy Worsfold, Tim Rogers
{"title":"Stay in your lane: Density fluctuations in multi-lane traffic","authors":"Jeremy Worsfold, Tim Rogers","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad1c05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad1c05","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> When a new vehicle joins a lane, those behind may have to temporarily slow to accommodate them. &amp;#xD;Changing lane can be forced due to lane drops or junctions, but may also take place spontaneously at discretion of drivers, and recent studies have found that traffic jams and traffic oscillations can form even without such bottlenecks.&amp;#xD;Understanding how lane changing behaviour affects traffic flow is important for learning how to design roads and control traffic more effectively.&amp;#xD;Here, we present a stochastic model of spontaneous lane changing which exhibits a reduction in the overall flow of traffic. &amp;#xD;By examining the average flow rate both analytically and through simulations we find a definitive slow down of vehicles due to random switching between lanes. &amp;#xD;This results in the fundamental diagram depending on the rate of lane switching.&amp;#xD;By extending the model to three lane traffic we find a larger impact on the flow of the middle lane compared to the side lanes.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rogue wave patterns of the Fokas-Lenells equation 福卡斯-勒内尔斯方程的流波模式
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad177b
Xue-Wei Yan, Yong Chen
{"title":"Rogue wave patterns of the Fokas-Lenells equation","authors":"Xue-Wei Yan, Yong Chen","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad177b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad177b","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> In this work, we study the high-order rogue wave solution for the Fokas-Lenells equation using the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) reduction method. These rogue wave patterns consist of triangle, pentagon, heptagon, nonagon, which are analytically described by the root structures of the Yablonskii-Vorob'ev polynomial hierarchy. On the other hand, we also report the other types of rogue wave patterns including heart-shaped, fan-shaped, two-arc+triangle, arc+pentagon, etc., which are analytically described by the root structures of Adler-Moser polynomials. These polynomials are the generalizations of the Yablonskii-Vorob'ev polynomial hierarchy, because of the arbitrariness of complex parameter <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $a_{2j+1}$ ?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"epl23100723ieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" /> </jats:inline-formula>. In addition, these rogue wave patterns are formed by the Peregrine solitons undergoing dilation, rotation, stretch, shear and translation. We also compare the prediction solutions with the corresponding true solutions and show the good consistency between them.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extracting Bayesian networks from multiple copies of a quantum system 从量子系统的多个副本中提取贝叶斯网络
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad177d
Kaonan Micadei, Gabriel T. Landi, Eric Lutz
{"title":"Extracting Bayesian networks from multiple copies of a quantum system","authors":"Kaonan Micadei, Gabriel T. Landi, Eric Lutz","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad177d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad177d","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> Despite their theoretical importance, dynamic Bayesian networks associated with quantum processes are currently not accessible experimentally. We here describe a general scheme to determine the multi-time path probability of a Bayesian network based on local measurements on independent copies of a composite quantum system combined with postselection. We further show that this protocol corresponds to a nonprojective measurement. It thus allows the investigation of the multi-time properties of a given local observable while fully preserving all its quantum features.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correspondence between the Hamiltonian cycle problem and the quantum lattice gauge theory 哈密尔顿循环问题与量子格规理论的对应关系
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad130b
Xiaopeng Cui, Yu Shi
{"title":"Correspondence between the Hamiltonian cycle problem and the quantum lattice gauge theory","authors":"Xiaopeng Cui, Yu Shi","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad130b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad130b","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> We propose the correspondence between the Hamiltonian cycle (HC) problem in graph theory and the quantum <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $mathbb {Z}_{2}$ ?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"epl23100758ieqn3.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\" /> </jats:inline-formula> lattice gauge theory (QZ2LGT) defined on the lattice dual to that graph. For the QZ2LGT, when the coupling parameter <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> is less than the critical value <jats:italic>g</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> </jats:sub>, the ground state is a superposition of all configurations with closed strings of same spins, which can be obtained by using an adiabatic quantum algorithm. A subsequent search for a HC among those closed strings solves the original HC problem. The method is demonstrated for random samples of small graphs.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Theory on coherent perfect absorber and laser via a metamaterial slab with complex parameters 通过具有复杂参数的超材料板的相干完美吸收器和激光理论
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad12a2
Zhouzhou Sun, Weixin Lu, Ping Bai
{"title":"Theory on coherent perfect absorber and laser via a metamaterial slab with complex parameters","authors":"Zhouzhou Sun, Weixin Lu, Ping Bai","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad12a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad12a2","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> We explicitly derive the general conditions of a metamaterial slab to achieve coherent perfect absorber (CPA) and laser under the excitation of two counter-propagating incident waves. Our results provide a unified theory that could be applied in designing homogenous metamaterial with complex parameters for realizing CPAs and lasers. Especially, the theory discusses two special cases, <jats:italic>i.e.</jats:italic>, case 1) a metamaterial slab with complex permittivity and real permeability, or complex permeability and real permittivity, and case 2) a metamaterial slab with both complex permittivity and permeability, which encompass the entire range of metamaterials with complex parameters. For both cases, our theory accurately derives the required parameters of the metamaterial for CPA, laser and their coexistence, as validated by numerical simulations. Our work serves as a guide for designing CPAs and lasers via general metamaterial slabs of complex parameters.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bound states of Dirac fermions in the presence of a Fermi velocity modulation 存在费米速度调制的狄拉克费米子边界态
IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理
EPL Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/ad129f
Ullah Kalim, Jun-Tong Ren, Sha-Sha Ke, Yuan Feng, Hai-Feng Lü
{"title":"Bound states of Dirac fermions in the presence of a Fermi velocity modulation","authors":"Ullah Kalim, Jun-Tong Ren, Sha-Sha Ke, Yuan Feng, Hai-Feng Lü","doi":"10.1209/0295-5075/ad129f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ad129f","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> We investigate the effect of a position-dependent Fermi velocity on the electronic properties of two-dimensional Dirac materials. A physical Fermi velocity distribution, which approaches a finite value at infinity and experiences a modulation near <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> = 0, is considered. Such a position-dependent Fermi velocity could be realized in the curved graphene or by applying strain. It is shown that the bound states are absent in the presence of a pure Fermi velocity modulation without an electrostatic potential well. However, an extra electrostatic potential modulation could produce the bound states. A set of discrete energy level spectrum and the corresponding wave functions are obtained by solving the Dirac equation exactly. Local probes such as scanning tunnel microscopy should be able to observe the predicted bound states in two-dimensional materials.","PeriodicalId":11738,"journal":{"name":"EPL","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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