Environmental Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Carbonaceous aerosols in Lvliang, China: seasonal variation, spatial distribution and source apportionment","authors":"Xiaofang Li, Ling Mu, Tianya Liu, Yangyong Li, Chuanyang Feng, Xin Jiang, Ziye Liu, Mei Tian","doi":"10.1071/en22026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22026","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Lvliang, one of the main cities on the Fenwei Plain, is a key atmospheric pollution prevention area in China. Identification of sources of aerosols is essential to improving environmental air quality in this region. The quantitative source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols performed in this study provides a better understanding of their sources and implications for climate and air-quality management policies in the Fenwei plain. Rationale Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) are major components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and they are of concern due to their significant impacts on human health and climate. Methodology PM2.5 samples were collected daily during four consecutive seasons from 2018 to 2019. This paper highlights the seasonal variations, sources and transport characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in Lvliang, China. Results The OC and EC concentrations exhibited strong seasonal variations, with the highest in winter, mainly due to high pollution caused by winter heating in northern cities, and secondary OC (SOC) contribution. The average OC/EC ratio (1.72) in Lvliang was lower than those in most regions in China, further indicating that this region was greatly affected by primary source emissions. The highest SOC/OC ratio in summer (25.3%) was due to the positive correlation between SOC and temperature. Through the positive matrix factorisation (PMF) model, four sources of carbonaceous aerosols were identified: vehicle emissions (31.26%), coal combustion (30.83%), biomass combustion (24.36%) and dust emissions (13.55%). Potential source contribution function (PSCF) results indicated that in addition to the impact of local emissions, coal emissions from Ningxia and Shaanxi, motor vehicle emissions and biomass from Inner Mongolia and Ningxia and dust from Shaanxi and Henan Provinces were the major contributors to pollution. Discussion These data provide key information for formulating emission reduction policies and improving air quality on the Fenwei Plain and highlights the urgent need for inter-regional prevention and control measures for the cities in Lvliang.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75794856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usability of rice straw biochar for remediation and amelioration of vanadium contaminated soils in areas under acid rain leaching","authors":"Ya-qi Yu, Jin-xin Li, Jin-yan Yang","doi":"10.1071/en21153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21153","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Biochar produced by agricultural wastes can be used for vanadium treatment, soil fertility improvement, and agricultural waste disposal, whereas acid rain leaching may decrease its remediating efficiency of the metal contaminated soil. Therefore, vanadium behaviour in soil and soil quality change after biochar application were analysed under simulated acid rain leaching. Findings provide insights into acid rain leaching effects on soil quality, vanadium release from soil, and biochar remediating efficiency. Rationale Considering the effects of acid rain on the leaching of metals and nutrients in soil, rice straw biochar, with the potential to remediate and improve the quality of vanadium contaminated soil, was further evaluated for its remediating and ameliorating performance of soil under acid rain. Methodology The adsorption capacity and isotherm of vanadium by rice straw biochar were investigated. Simulated acid rain leaching experiments were performed to study the influence of acid rain on vanadium behaviour in soil and nutrients and on the structure of the soil. Results Isotherm adsorption studies indicated a preference for a monolayer process without transmigrations of the adsorbed vanadium onto the biochar surface. After leaching with simulated acid rain, compared with the untreated soil, the available vanadium (129.63 ± 3.75–76.10 ± 3.24 mg kg−1) in the soil decreased notably by adding 2–3 wt% biochar (P < 0.05). The organic matter content (1.71 ± 0.25–4.31 ± 0.42%) and available P content (15.13 ± 0.56–29.88 ± 0.28 mg kg−1) in the soil increased with the biochar application ratio increasing from 0 to 3 wt%. Whereas the available N concentration in the soil amended with 3 wt% biochar (27.70 ± 4.35 mg kg−1) was significantly lower than that without biochar addition (41.28 ± 1.62 mg kg−1) (P < 0.05). In addition, an increased proportion of macro-aggregates and decreased proportion of micro-aggregates of the soil after application of 2–3 wt% biochar was also observed. Discussion The application of rice straw biochar at the addition level of 3 wt% has potential for remediating and ameliorating vanadium contaminated soil under acid rain. Appropriate modification of the biochar should be undertaken in future to achieve an effective remediation and amelioration of soil under a long-term influence of acid rain. It is also of interest to study the capacity of the biochar to amend soils with high N load.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88669900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFC-11 measurements in China, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and South Korea (1998–2018): Urban, landfill fire and garbage burning sources","authors":"I. Simpson, B. Barletta, S. Meinardi, O. S. Aburizaiza, P. DeCarlo, Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh, H. Khwaja, Jinseok Kim, Younha Kim, A. Panday, A. Siddique, E. Stone, Tao Wang, J. Woo, L. Xue, R. Yokelson, J. Zeb, D. Blake","doi":"10.1071/en21139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21139","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context The production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is regulated under the Montreal Protocol and its amendments, due to their role in stratospheric ozone depletion. Global atmospheric levels of CFC-11 did not decline as rapidly as expected during 2012–2018, in large part due to emissions from eastern China. In order to further clarify global CFC-11 emissions, this work provides a rare set CFC-11 measurements from understudied countries and sources throughout Asia (1998–2018). Abstract Trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) is an ozone-depleting substance whose production and consumption are regulated under the Montreal Protocol. Global atmospheric CFC-11 levels declined less quickly than expected during 2012–2018, largely because of ongoing emissions from eastern Asia. Satellite measurements suggest additional CFC-11 hotspots in the Arabian Peninsula and north India/Nepal. Here we present CFC-11 levels measured in dozens of Asian cities during 1998–2018, including China and Pakistan before the 2010 phaseout of CFC-11, and China, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and South Korea after the phaseout. Surface measurements of CFCs in Nepal, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are very rare, and these surveys provide important observational constraints from understudied regions. During pre-phaseout campaigns, higher CFC-11 levels were measured in Beijing than Karachi, despite much higher overall volatile organic compound (VOC) levels in Karachi. During post-phaseout campaigns, average CFC-11 levels were higher in inland Shandong Province and Seoul (1.11–1.23× background) than in western Saudi Arabia, Lahore and Kathmandu (1.02–1.11× background), despite higher levels of other VOCs in the latter regions. While China is known to emit excess CFC-11, elevated CFC-11 levels in Seoul, especially during stagnant meteorological conditions, suggest local emissions in 2015–2016. Rough emission estimates suggest that South Korea is likely a relatively minor global source of excess CFC-11. Hotspot CFC-11 levels were measured from a landfill fire in Mecca (average of 1.8× background) and from garbage burning in Nepal (1.5× background). Because garbage burning and open burning in dumps are common practices, further investigation of CFC-11 emissions at dumps and landfills worldwide is encouraged to determine their global impact.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76710353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The features of haloacetic acid oxidation that contribute to stratospheric ozone depletion","authors":"S. Savilov, N. Strokova, A. Ivanov, G. Kuramshina, I. Morozov","doi":"10.1071/en21140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21140","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental context Due to The Montreal Protocol, stratospheric ozone concentration is slowly regenerating, however, the recovery rate is slower than predicted by photochemical models. FTIR spectroscopy together with quantum chemical calculations confirmed that ozone reacts with halogenated acids adsorbed at a model aerosol surface. Reactions occur at low temperatures without photochemical activation with formation of halogen oxides that are known to promote catalytic cycles of ozone depletion. Abstract The present work addresses the problem of stratospheric ozone depletion. While gas phase and photochemically induced reactions of ozone are well studied, the mechanisms of heterogeneous O3 interactions with different halogenated species still remain uncertain. An in situ FTIR investigation of low-temperature heterogeneous reactions of ozone and haloacetic acids in conditions close to stratospheric was performed and supported by ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Products of ozone reaction with differently chlorine and bromine-substituted acetic acids were identified and possible reactions pathways were suggested. Ozone can attach to a carbon atom to release a halogen atom that forms a halogen oxide. Halogen oxide in its turn can take part in the catalytic cycles of ozone depletion. Suggested reaction pathways leading to the additional release of the chlorine oxides can enhance the atmospheric models that calculate ozone concentration.","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81883115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POSSMs: a parsimonious speciation model for metals in soils","authors":"S. Lofts","doi":"10.1071/en21100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en21100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78952082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenosugars and arsenolipids are formed simultaneously by the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta","authors":"Ronald A. Glabonjat, Elliott G. Duncan, F. Krikowa, K. Francesconi, W. Maher","doi":"10.1071/en22043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84117058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling light-absorbing particle–snow–radiation interactions and impacts on snow albedo: fundamentals, recent advances and future directions","authors":"C. He","doi":"10.1071/en22013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"381 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88220554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of arsenic(v) to temperate and tropical marine biota and the derivation of chronic marine water quality guideline values","authors":"L. Golding, M. V. Valdivia, J. V. van Dam, G. Batley, S. Apte","doi":"10.1071/en22039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75424949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characterisation of natural and anthropogenic inputs of dust in the seasonal snowpack (2017–2020) at Calderone Glacier (Gran Sasso d’Italia)","authors":"Federica Bruschi, B. Moroni, C. Petroselli, Paola Gravina, R. Selvaggi, M. Pecci, A. Spolaor, P. Tuccella, E. Raparelli, J. Gabrieli, G. Esposito, P. D'Aquila, D. Cappelletti","doi":"10.1071/en22017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"221 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77549194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment factors in species sensitivity distributions for the derivation of guideline values for aquatic contaminants","authors":"D. Fox, G. Batley","doi":"10.1071/en22061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/en22061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11714,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77496130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}