{"title":"Parallel grading of venous beading on transputer","authors":"Tien-You Lee, H.D. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305177","url":null,"abstract":"Describes a parallel algorithm and its implementation on transputers for automated grading of venous beading in digitized ocular fundus images. The algorithm mainly consists of median filtering, thresholding, thinning, morphological closing, diameter measurement, fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis and grading. Median filtering reduces the noise in the original image, thresholding roughly extracts the vein from the background, morphological closing fills holes in the vein, thinning obtains a centerline representation of the vein, diameter measurement and analysis are performed on each centerline branch, and the FFT analyzes the diameter functions. The magnitude spectrum of the diameter function is computed. Usually veins without beading exhibit only low frequency components while beaded veins have significantly more high frequency components. The sum of the high frequency magnitude can be a parameter to distinguish normal from beaded veins. All work has been done on a transputer using PC Trollius.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128994401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of tissue resistivity behavior using a finite difference based model","authors":"S. Rao, S. Kun, R. Peura","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305153","url":null,"abstract":"Biological tissues are morphologically and physiologically very complex. From an electrical point of view, they are anisotropic and can also be inhomogeneous. Due to their highly complex properties, it is extremely difficult to model their resistivity behavior using analytical models. This can be overcome by adopting numerical techniques to solve the problem. A numerical model based on the finite difference method has been developed. It models the resistivity behavior of both skeletal and cardiac muscle of different levels of anisotropy and/or inhomogeneity. Simulations of skeletal muscle behavior mere performed and compared with the results of a validated analytical model. Results obtained with two models agree within /spl plusmn/10% The model is being evaluated using ex vivo experimental measurements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133869064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dubin, W. Shi, K. Dejneka, M. Victor, V. Freeman
{"title":"Caprine model for evaluation of pulmonary artery catheters","authors":"S. Dubin, W. Shi, K. Dejneka, M. Victor, V. Freeman","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305191","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary artery catheterization is an indispensable procedure in human clinical monitoring and the rapid evolution of instrumentation for this procedure impels the development of methods for evaluation of catheters and associated equipment. These methods should be anatomically and physiologically realistic; and, preferably minimally intrusive to the non-human animal subjects. With appropriate equipment and careful technique, the goat (Capra hircus) serves very well for long-term evaluation of pulmonary artery catheters and monitors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116408252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recreating neural oscillators in VLSI","authors":"S. Wolpert","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305175","url":null,"abstract":"As a prelude to a VLSI implementation of a biologically-based neuronal locomotor network, the phenomena of reciprocal inhibition and recurrent cyclic inhibition were recreated in VLSI-based artificial neurons for parametric analysis of oscillatory range and stability. The artificial neurons used in this study are behaviorally comprehensive and highly configurable, allowing for a variety of transient and steady characteristics to be precisely and continuously adjustable. Circuit tests on both oscillatory phenomena indicate that reciprocal inhibition between two neurons requires a measure of synaptic dynamics, while the recurrent cyclic inhibitory prototypes did not. In addition, the cyclic prototypes demonstrated remarkable stability, even when the frequency of self-excitation of each component neuron varied over two orders of magnitude.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114368199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intracellular recording of He-Ne laser effect on motoneuron action potential duration in crayfish","authors":"M. Merris","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305162","url":null,"abstract":"The motoneurons of crayfish were investigated for reactions to He-Ne laser energy in an attempt to artificially produce action potentials. Intracellular recordings were obtained in 18 motoneurons from 13 crayfish. Low level laser energy (LLLE) was directed via fiber optic material onto the ventral nerve cord motoneurons (VNC). The VNC was used as a system analogous to vertebrates. The recordings from spontaneously active motoneurons were evaluated on the basis of duration of synaptic potentials and reaction to laser energy. No action potentials were obtained at the amplitude of laser energy used. Significant increases in duration of synaptic potentials illustrated a stimulatory effect on the VNC motoneurons. The increase in synaptic potential duration suggest that laser energy effects changes in the cell membrane potentiating the ion channel activity of the motoneuron. Selective stimulation of motoneurons above 3.5 mW may produce action potentials.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130526962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nerve fiber stimulation threshold for multiphase stimuli","authors":"S. Beecroft, A. Alkhateeb, R. Gaumond","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305174","url":null,"abstract":"The authors determined the strength-duration curves for stimulus pulse waveforms of one, two, or three rectangular phases of alternating polarity. Stimuli represented the induced transmembrane current density for a voltage-clamped unmyelinated axon. For any pulse length, the one-phase pulse always required the least current density to cause an action potential, while the two-phase pulse always required the most. For short pulse lengths (</spl tausub m/, time constant for sodium gate activation at resting potential), the three-phase pulse curve approached that of the one-phase pulse; for long pulse lengths (>/spl tausub mem/, time constant of the resting membrane), the three-phase pulse curve approached that of the two-phase pulse.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123031873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A field potential analysis study of the effects of prenatal protein malnutrition on maturation of the dentate granule cell response","authors":"J. Blaise, J. Bronzino","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305161","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike the vast majority of cells making up the rat central nervous system, the granule cell population of the hippocampal dentate gyrus develops primarily after birth. Only about 20% of these cells are in place at the time of birth, with the remaining 80% reaching functional maturity by around 30 days of postnatal development. This relatively unique developmental pattern provides an opportunity to assess the impact of insults encountered during the gestational period on the subsequent development and maturation of a brain structure intimately involved in such fundamental processes as spatial navigation, learning, and memory. In addition, the morphology of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, with its laminated arrangement of densely packed cell bodies and specifically oriented apical and basilar projections, provides a structure well-suited to electrophysiological characterization employing field potential analysis. The present study was undertaken to examine the impact of prenatal protein malnutrition on the development of neuronal transmission across the perforant path-dentate granule cell synapse of the hippocampal formation in freely moving rats as they matured from 15 to 30 days of age.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"9 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123691707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser detection of cardiovascular pulsation","authors":"H. Hong, M. Fox","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305178","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed a laser interferometer to measure skin surface vibration which provides information about the underlying vasculature. The results obtained from phantom studies showed that the system responded to the derivative of the pressure wave within a blood vessel phantom suggesting that such detectors can potentially reconstruct intravascular pressure waveforms noninvasively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124499251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Seshadri, S. Reisman, M. Daum, R. Zorowitz, R. Demeersman
{"title":"Heart rate variability in stroke population and normals: a comparison using spectral analysis","authors":"K. Seshadri, S. Reisman, M. Daum, R. Zorowitz, R. Demeersman","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305190","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency-domain spectral analysis was used to examine the effect of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system on heart rare in normal healthy subjects and stroke patients. Stroke survivors are at increased risk for cardiac events such as myocardial infarction and sudden death. Evidence suggests that decrease in heart rate variability (HRV) is a risk factor for arrhythmias and sudden death. Data were analyzed from normal healthy subjects and stroke patients during rest, paced breathing, progressive exercise and recovery periods, which caused changes in the autonomic regulation of heart rate. After analysis data were compared to see changes in the parasympathetic function in normal subjects and stroke patients. One significant peak (respiration peak) in the heart rate variability spectrum was examined by this technique. The area of the peak at the respiration frequency showed parasympathetic changes. During rest the parasympathetic activity was found to be high. Paced breathing increased the respiration frequency peak and during progressive exercise. The parasympathetic activity was found to decrease. Stroke patients were found to have significantly lower parasympathetic input to HRV at rest, during paced breathing and during exercise. The use of this technique enables one to explore and examine the autonomic contributions to heart rate regulation and also other physiological and environmental conditions where the input to the autonomic nervous system changes significantly.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123768075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of contrast agents in ultrasound","authors":"K. Shahnazi, M. Fox","doi":"10.1109/NEBC.1994.305167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBC.1994.305167","url":null,"abstract":"By using Albunex, a recently developed ultrasound contrast agent, a clear Doppler ultrasound signal, and a B-mode image of the flow stream has been obtained. For the Doppler signal, a Hokanson Doppler unit with 5 MHz transducer was used, and for the image of the flow stream, a GE imager with 7.5 Mhz transducer was used. In this experiment, a straight 1:1000 dilution for Albunex (Molecular Biosystems Inc., San Diego, CA) was prepared. For the flow stream, a 1 mm groove in a plexiglass phantom was prepared. The Doppler signal, and the image obtained show a clear distinction between contrast agents and water. Therefore, by using an ultrasound contrast agent, flow and flow direction can be visualized using a conventional B-mode imager.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":117140,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 20th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114266958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}