{"title":"Performance evaluation of DS-CDMA IVC scheme and CSMA/OFDM IVC scheme","authors":"Sho Sakakibara, K. Ohno, M. Itami","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685516","url":null,"abstract":"The inter-vehicle communication (IVC) systems based on CSMA/OFDM scheme such as IEEE802.11p or ARIB STD-T109 in Japan are widely developed because autonomous distributed networks are easily made by using the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) MAC protocol. However, the hidden terminals in CSMA networks cause the performance degradation. In our previous study, a new IVC scheme using Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) had been proposed to mitigate the impact of hidden terminals and evaluated the performance in the simple straight road model. However, performances of both IVC schemes are not evaluated in the urban area road model assuming multipath fading. In this paper, performances of the DS-CDMA IVC scheme and CSMA/OFDM IVC scheme are evaluated in urban area road model. As the results of simulations, it was confirmed that the PER (Packet Error Rate) performances of CSMA/OFDM IVC can be made better than the DS-CDMA. On the other hand, DS-CDMA shows the possibility that it is able to achieve a low delay communication as compared with CSMA/OFDM.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116129687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chung-Ming Huang, Shih-Yang Lin, Yi-Chun Lin, L. Tu
{"title":"Analysis of the Optimal Cooperation Scope of Bandwidth Sharing in vehicular networks","authors":"Chung-Ming Huang, Shih-Yang Lin, Yi-Chun Lin, L. Tu","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685522","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the Optimal Cooperation Scope (OCS) for Cooperative Bandwidth Sharing (CBS) in vehicular networks. Three relay schemes based on optimal single path relay and opportunistic relay for multihop CBS are proposed and studied. The OCS is solved as the maximum physical distance or hops between the bandwidth requester and bandwidth helper in the optimal solution to maximize the CBS benefit. OCSs for different environments and with different relay schemes are given in the paper. The results indicate that the OCS is sensitive to the cost weight and may also be larger when using a proper opportunistic relay based scheme than using the optimal single path based one.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130580936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Soderi, Harri Viittala, Jani Saloranta, Alessandro Mancini, M. Hämäläinen, J. Iinatti
{"title":"Emulation of secure Wi-Fi communication: A performance gap analysis against a virtual test-bed","authors":"S. Soderi, Harri Viittala, Jani Saloranta, Alessandro Mancini, M. Hämäläinen, J. Iinatti","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685550","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless local area networks (WLANs) gained evergrowing importance in public transportation systems where they are selected to reduce installation costs and introduce new services. However, the introduction of a wireless interface in safety critical applications implies different communication protocol analysis and the introduction of a security layer is indispensable to implement defenses from malicious attacks. Host Identity Protocol (HIP) based network with IPSec is the network architecture proposed to secure wireless communications in large public transportation system. This paper analyses a comparison between the proposed architecture tested in a real environment and in an emulated scenario. The measurement campaign was carried out in outdoor using commercial on the shelf (COTS) Wi-Fi devices. The Common Open Research Emulator (CORE) with the Extendable Mobile Ad-hoc Network Emulator (EMANE) framework were used to evaluate the same scenario in a virtual test-bed. Results indicate how the end-to-end secure wireless communication built in the emulator works similarly to an intra-vehicular on-board network.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127631544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient and reliable multi-hop geographical broadcast protocol in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks","authors":"Rajapandiyan Rajendran, J. D. Jongh","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685512","url":null,"abstract":"In Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), disseminating warning messages in a timely and efficient way through wireless short-range communications can save many lives and reduce traffic congestion. A geographical broadcast protocol provides data delivery to specified geographical areas, using multi-hop communications if needed. Among the main challenges for such protocols are forwarder selection and the reduction of the number of hops required to reach and cover the destination area. In this paper we propose an efficient geographical broadcast protocol called Preferred and Contention Based Forwarding (PCBF) and evaluate it through simulations. PCBF uses a combination of contention-based forwarding and selecting preferred forwarders also found in other protocols like Emergency Message Dissemination for Vehicular Environments (EMDV). Since the preferred forwarder is allowed to immediately forward the packet (evading contention among other potential forwarders), this approach reduces end-to-end delays. Notable extensions of PCBF compared to EMDV are the use of direct negative acknowledgements in case of unnecessary rebroadcasts and the use of forwarders outside the target region. Our simulation results show that the PCBF protocol outperforms selected other protocols in terms of end-to-end delay, re-broadcast overhead and reliability in both sparse and dense networks.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132348002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multihop data transfer service for Bluetooth Low Energy","authors":"Konstantin Mikhaylov, J. Tervonen","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685566","url":null,"abstract":"Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the recently developed protocols enabling energy-efficient short-range radio communication. One of limitations of BLE is the support for data transferring over only a single hop. In the paper, we suggest the mechanism enabling the multihop data transfers between the nodes in BLE networks. To ensure portability, the suggested mechanism is designed as BLE service, which uses only the integral components of BLE stack. We discuss in details the suggested multihop service, its implementation and present the results of evaluation, which confirm feasibility and reveal features of the suggested solution. To the best of our knowledge, this paper reports the first implementation of the multihop data transfer over the BLE networks.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129455064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-way TOA with limited dead reckoning for GPS-free vehicle localization using single RSU","authors":"A. A. Wahab, A. Khattab, Y. Fahmy","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685553","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety applications in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) necessitate highly accurate vehicle localization techniques. Unfortunately, Global Positioning System (GPS)-based localization techniques do not only suffer from the lack of ubiquitous GPS coverage but also are susceptible to high localization errors (10 m to 30 m). Consequently, such techniques are not suitable for road safety applications. Recently, GPS-free localization based on vehicle communication with installed roadside units (RSUs) has emerged as a more accurate alternative. However, existing GPS-free techniques require the vehicle to communicate with two RSUs in order to achieve high localization accuracy. Such techniques either increase the system cost due to the high number of needed RSUs or delay the localization decisions. In this paper, we propose a GPS-free localization framework that uses two-way time of arrival with partial use of dead reckoning to locate the vehicles based on communication with a single RSU. Our results show that the accuracy of the proposed framework is 13.1% to 20.1% better than the techniques that use 1 RSUs while completely depending on dead reckoning, and only 3% to 8.9% worse than those techniques that use 2 RSUs on both sides on the road.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116242312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transversal fading analysis in straight tunnels at 2.4 GHz","authors":"C. Rizzo, F. Lera, J. L. Villarroel","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685565","url":null,"abstract":"In tunnel-like environments the electromagnetic waves propagate differently in comparison to free space and urban scenarios. This is because, depending on the working frequency, tunnels can act as waveguides. As a consequence of this some specific phenomena occur, such as fast and slow fadings, caused by the constructive and destructive interference due to the multipath propagation. Fadings along the longitudinal dimension of tunnels have been widely studied under different geometric conditions, antenna polarization and working frequencies. Nevertheless, fadings also take place in the transversal dimension or cross-section. This issue has been poorly treated in the literature. In this context, our research group has been investigating navigation algorithms for multi-robot teams in tunnel-like environments under communication constraints. As fadings affect the communication among robots, a study about this phenomenon is necessary. In this work we present a complete study about transversal fadings in the Somport tunnel at 2.4 GHz. Results after carrying out a measuring campaign are presented and compared to modal theory based calculations, showing that fadings present a similar behavior in each transversal half of the tunnel (with the same period and phase, and with a phase delay between both halves) but different in the center, where although no deep fadings appear, the mean value of the signal power is lower compared to the fadings maximums. This led us to define a comfort-zone for communications for robot navigation in tunnels.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130356877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel traffic light management mechanism on intersection","authors":"T. Hsieh, Pei-Chuan Tsai","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685530","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, most traffic lights at street intersections operate according to a fixed setting. However in reality, vehicle flow rates of each direction are not always equivalent. As a result, the traffic light at the vertical roadway may turn red when no car is driving on the horizontal roadway, or remain in red when all cars on the horizontal roadway have passed the intersection. In this paper, we develop a novel traffic light management to relieve these situations. Besides, at cooperative vehicular safety environment of WAVE/DSRC, each vehicle installs an OBU that periodically broadcasts its current moving status. In addition, our proposed adaptive traffic light management mechanism will collect and analyze the information broadcasted by all OBUs. Hence, the traffic lights are able to dynamic adjust according the current vehicle flow rates of each direction and further reduce the red light waiting time and increase the traffic throughput at the street intersection.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"82 25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130382316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact analysis of traffic incident and prediction model on travel time under incident condition","authors":"Qi Wang, Haitao Yu, T. Zhu, Ge Li","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685517","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the impact of traffic incidents, not only can help decision-makers choose a better strategy, but also provide travel recommendations for travelers. This paper uses real GPS data collected from probe vehicle to analyze the impact of incident in urban traffic network. Queuing length and incident duration are used to evaluate impact level incident. Then, a traffic incident pattern classification method based on queuing length variation is proposed to more clearly understand the characteristics of traffic incident. At last, we propose a prediction model on the time that a vehicle takes to pass through the location where traffic incident happens by using the GPS position and velocity information.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129256766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimitrios Vlastaras, T. Abbas, D. Leston, F. Tufvesson
{"title":"Universal medium range radar and IEEE 802.11p modem solution for integrated traffic safety","authors":"Dimitrios Vlastaras, T. Abbas, D. Leston, F. Tufvesson","doi":"10.1109/ITST.2013.6685544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITST.2013.6685544","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicles in the future are anticipated to have the ability to communicate and exchange useful information in order to avoid collisions. However, for this cooperation to be possible all vehicles will have to be equipped with compatible wireless IEEE 802.11p modules that implement intelligent transport systems operating in the 5GHz frequency band standard (ITS-G5 or WAVE). During the implementation phase of the system there will be many older vehicles without such equipment that can cause hazard as information about them will not be available to vehicles equipped with IEEE 802.11p modules. In this paper we present a system, to be used as a road side unit (RSU), developed explicitly for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication that can solve the aforementioned traffic safety problems. The system consists of a universal medium range radar (UMRR) and an IEEE 802.11p modem integrated together to detect vehicles, with or without communication capabilities, and forward their position and speed vectors to vehicles, with IEEE 802.11p modules installed, for collision avoidance. Tests have been performed by using our system in parallel with vehicles in which IEEE 802.11p modules are installed and comparing the content in the Cooperative Awareness Messages obtained from both systems. Accuracy tests have also been performed in order to verify the accuracy of the system in the time and spatial domains.","PeriodicalId":117087,"journal":{"name":"2013 13th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129061058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}