IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.3390/e27040420

Natalya Almazova, Giorgos P Tsironis, Efthimios Kaxiras

{"title":"Statistical Properties of Correlated Semiclassical Bands in Tight-Binding Small-World Networks.","authors":"Natalya Almazova, Giorgos P Tsironis, Efthimios Kaxiras","doi":"10.3390/e27040420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040420","url":null,"abstract":"Linear tight-binding models with long-range interactions and small-world geometry have a broad energy spectrum in the nearest neighbor coupling limit, while the spectrum becomes narrow in the fully connected limit due to the emergence of flat bands. A transition to a Wigner-like density of states appears at a low fraction of long-range bonds. Adding nonlinearity to the model introduces correlations among the stationary states, while multiple new states are generated as a result of the nonlinearity. In this work, we study the effect of band correlations on the local density of states for small-world networks as a function of the number of long-range bonds. We find that close to the nearest neighbor limit, the onset of correlations shifts the nonlinear density of states towards the band edge of the spectrum. Close to the opposite limit of the fully connected model, the band collapses in the band center, accompanied by a large increase in the new states induced by the nonlinearity. While in both limits the effect of correlations is to flatten the band, close to the mean field fully connected limit, the states are correlated and generally have distinct localized features. These effects may have implications for the dynamics of electrons in two-dimensional moiré structures and the onset of superconductivity in these systems.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Optimal Convergence Design of Low Intercept Point-Like Beam for FDA-MIMO Radio Detector Based on Beam Entropy. 基于波束熵的FDA-MIMO无线电探测器低截距点状波束最优收敛设计研究。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.3390/e27040421

Jinwei Jia, Min Gao, Yuying Liang, Xinyu Dao, Yuanwei Yin, Zhuangzhi Han

{"title":"Research on Optimal Convergence Design of Low Intercept Point-Like Beam for FDA-MIMO Radio Detector Based on Beam Entropy.","authors":"Jinwei Jia, Min Gao, Yuying Liang, Xinyu Dao, Yuanwei Yin, Zhuangzhi Han","doi":"10.3390/e27040421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040421","url":null,"abstract":"The technology of anti-informational interference is a research hotspot in radio detectors. According to the workflow of first interception and then interference for the jammer, improving low interception can fundamentally improve the anti-jamming ability of the radio detector. Airspace low interception is one of the most promising research directions. FDA-MIMO technology holds significant potential for application in this field. Therefore, this paper investigates the design principle of an FDA-MIMO radio detector with low beam entropy. From the perspectives of information acquisition and countermeasure, the spatial low interception of a radio detector is defined by beam entropy. In this paper, the power peak point and drop point are set in a relatively close range (Δr), ensuring the rapid attenuation of beam amplitude over short distances. Consequently, the design principle of the FDA-MIMO low interception point beam based on the array frequency offset setting formula is obtained, and the optimal beam convergence is realized. Simulation results show that the half-power beam widths of FDA-MIMO point-like beams are 1 m in the distance dimension and 9 degrees in the beamwidth dimension, with a beam entropy of 11. Compared with other classical frequency offset setting methods, the proposed method demonstrates significantly superior beam performance, particularly in terms of low intercept characteristics. The design principle proposed in this paper provides theoretical support for the low intercept beam design of the FDA-MIMO radio detector, thereby reducing the probability of jammers acquiring signal parameters and enhancing both the low intercept performance and anti-jamming capabilities of the radio detector.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Event-Link Network Model Based on Representation in P-Space. 基于p空间表示的事件链接网络模型。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.3390/e27040419

Wenjun Zhang, Xiangna Chen, Weibing Deng

{"title":"An Event-Link Network Model Based on Representation in P-Space.","authors":"Wenjun Zhang, Xiangna Chen, Weibing Deng","doi":"10.3390/e27040419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040419","url":null,"abstract":"The L-space and P-space are two essential representations for studying complex networks that contain different clusters. Existing network models can successfully generate networks in L-space, but generating networks in P-space poses significant challenges. In this study, we present an empirical analysis of the distribution of the number of a line's nodes and the properties of the networks generated by these data in P-space. To gain insights into the operational mechanisms of the network of these data, we propose an event-link model that incorporates new nodes and links in P-space based on actual data characteristics using real data from marine and public transportation networks. The entire network consists of a series of events that consist of many nodes, and all nodes in an event are connected in the P-space. We conduct simulation experiments to explore the model's topological features under different parameter conditions, demonstrating that the simulation outcomes are consistent with the theoretical analysis of the model. This model exhibits small-world characteristics, scale-free behavior, and a high clustering coefficient. The event-link model, with its adjustable parameters, effectively generates networks with stable structures that closely resemble the statistical characteristics of real-world networks that share similar growth mechanisms. Moreover, the network's growth and evolution can be flexibly adjusted by modifying the model parameters.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12026218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Born Rule-100 Years Ago and Today. 100年前和今天的出生规则。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/e27040415

Arnold Neumaier

引用次数: 0

SP-IGAN: An Improved GAN Framework for Effective Utilization of Semantic Priors in Real-World Image Super-Resolution. SP-IGAN：在真实世界图像超分辨率中有效利用语义先验的改进GAN框架。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/e27040414

Meng Wang, Zhengnan Li, Haipeng Liu, Zhaoyu Chen, Kewei Cai

{"title":"SP-IGAN: An Improved GAN Framework for Effective Utilization of Semantic Priors in Real-World Image Super-Resolution.","authors":"Meng Wang, Zhengnan Li, Haipeng Liu, Zhaoyu Chen, Kewei Cai","doi":"10.3390/e27040414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040414","url":null,"abstract":"Single-image super-resolution (SISR) based on GANs has achieved significant progress. However, these methods still face challenges when reconstructing locally consistent textures due to a lack of semantic understanding of image categories. This highlights the necessity of focusing on contextual information comprehension and the acquisition of high-frequency details in model design. To address this issue, we propose the Semantic Prior-Improved GAN (SP-IGAN) framework, which incorporates additional contextual semantic information into the Real-ESRGAN model. The framework consists of two branches. The main branch introduces a Graph Convolutional Channel Attention (GCCA) module to transform channel dependencies into adjacency relationships between feature vertices, thereby enhancing pixel associations. The auxiliary branch strengthens the correlation between semantic category information and regional textures in the Residual-in-Residual Dense Block (RRDB) module. The auxiliary branch employs a pretrained segmentation model to accurately extract regional semantic information from the input low-resolution image. This information is injected into the RRDB module through Spatial Feature Transform (SFT) layers, generating more accurate and semantically consistent texture details. Additionally, a wavelet loss is incorporated into the loss function to capture high-frequency details that are often overlooked. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SP-IGAN outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) super-resolution models across multiple public datasets. For the X4 super-resolution task, SP-IGAN achieves a 0.55 dB improvement in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and a 0.0363 increase in Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) compared to the baseline model Real-ESRGAN.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finite-Size Corrections from the Subleading Magnetic Scaling Field for the Ising and Potts Models in Two Dimensions. 二维Ising和Potts模型的次导磁场有限尺寸修正。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/e27040418

Yihao Xu, Jesús Salas, Youjin Deng

{"title":"Finite-Size Corrections from the Subleading Magnetic Scaling Field for the Ising and Potts Models in Two Dimensions.","authors":"Yihao Xu, Jesús Salas, Youjin Deng","doi":"10.3390/e27040418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040418","url":null,"abstract":"In finite-size scaling analyses of critical phenomena, proper consideration of correction terms, which can come from different sources, plays an important role. For the Fortuin-Kasteleyn representation of the Q-state Potts model in two dimensions, although the subleading magnetic scaling field, with exactly known exponent, is theoretically expected to give rise to finite-size-scaling analyses, numerical observation remains elusive, probably due to the mixing of various corrections. We simulate the O(n) loop model on the hexagonal lattice, which is in the same universality class as the Q=n2 Potts model but has suppressed corrections from other sources and provides strong numerical evidence for the attribution of the subleading magnetic field in finite-size corrections. Interestingly, it is also observed that the corrections in small- and large-cluster-size regions have opposite magnitudes, and, for the special n=2 case, they compensate with each other in observables like the second moment of the cluster-size distribution. Our finding reveals that the effect of the subleading magnetic field should be taken into account in finite-size-scaling analyses, which was unfortunately ignored in many previous studies.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Birth of a Ghost Star. 《鬼星的诞生》

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/e27040412

Luis Herrera, Alicia Di Prisco, Justo Ospino

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the Relationship Between Enguri Large Dam Monitoring Entropic Features. 恩古里大坝监测熵特征关系分析。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/e27040413

Tamaz Chelidze, Teimuraz Matcharashvili, Aleksandre Sborshchikovi, Ekaterine Mepharidze, Dimitri Tepnadze, Levan Laliashvili

{"title":"Analysis of the Relationship Between Enguri Large Dam Monitoring Entropic Features.","authors":"Tamaz Chelidze, Teimuraz Matcharashvili, Aleksandre Sborshchikovi, Ekaterine Mepharidze, Dimitri Tepnadze, Levan Laliashvili","doi":"10.3390/e27040413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040413","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, the results of the analysis of Enguri Large Dam (West Georgia) monitoring features, such as foundation displacement data and water level (WL) variation in the reservoir, were investigated. A statistical approach based on calculating time series helps us determine the research area's dynamic picture. In this article, we have used various nonlinear analysis methods. Nonlinear dynamics of deformation and filling/reloading near grand dams reflect the complexity of the mentioned time series, connected with the natural agents (regional and local geodynamics), which were presented even before dam erection, and the effects of the water level variation in the reservoir. Both these effects are documented by observations from 1974 to 2024 at the Enguri Large Dam. Modern linear and nonlinear primarily data analysis techniques will be used for analysis of monitoring characteristics of the Enguri Large Dam: Kullback-Leibler divergence, mutual information, Shannon entropy, and Tsallis entropy. The obtained data on the dynamics of deformation and filling/reloading near a large dam can be used for the assessment of the possible risks connected with abrupt changes in the routine dynamics of construction.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Probability of Self-Location in the Framework of the Many-Worlds Interpretation. 多世界解释框架下的自我定位概率。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/e27040416

Lev Vaidman

引用次数: 0

DDML: Multi-Student Knowledge Distillation for Hate Speech. 仇恨言论的多学生知识蒸馏。

IF 2.1 3区物理与天体物理

Entropy Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.3390/e27040417

Ze Liu, Zerui Shao, Haizhou Wang, Beibei Li

{"title":"DDML: Multi-Student Knowledge Distillation for Hate Speech.","authors":"Ze Liu, Zerui Shao, Haizhou Wang, Beibei Li","doi":"10.3390/e27040417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040417","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that hate speech on social media negatively impacts users' mental health and is a contributing factor to suicide attempts. On a broader scale, online hate speech can undermine social stability. With the continuous growth of the internet, the prevalence of online hate speech is rising, making its detection an urgent issue. Recent advances in natural language processing, particularly with transformer-based models, have shown significant promise in hate speech detection. However, these models come with a large number of parameters, leading to high computational requirements and making them difficult to deploy on personal computers. To address these challenges, knowledge distillation offers a solution by training smaller student networks using larger teacher networks. Recognizing that learning also occurs through peer interactions, we propose a knowledge distillation method called Deep Distill-Mutual Learning (DDML). DDML employs one teacher network and two or more student networks. While the student networks benefit from the teacher's knowledge, they also engage in mutual learning with each other. We trained numerous deep neural networks for hate speech detection based on DDML and demonstrated that these networks perform well across various datasets. We tested our method across ten languages and nine datasets. The results demonstrate that DDML enhances the performance of deep neural networks, achieving an average F1 score increase of 4.87% over the baseline.","PeriodicalId":11694,"journal":{"name":"Entropy","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12025758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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