Endocrine Practice最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Immediately After Kidney Transplant in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Qurrat-ul-ain Aziz DO, MPH ,&nbsp;Kavita Batra PhD ,&nbsp;Sanna Fatima MD ,&nbsp;Jared Splinter PharmD ,&nbsp;Amber Laurel Champion MD ,&nbsp;Ajay M. Kumar MD ,&nbsp;Kenneth E. Izuora MD, MBA","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the accuracy of a blinded continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device compared with point-of-care testing (POCT) and serum glucose measurements in the immediate postoperative period among kidney transplant recipients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective study, we enrolled 22 participants aged ≥18 years, with type 2 DM, immediately after kidney transplant. We applied a blinded CGM device that sampled interstitial glucose every 15 minutes and collected POCT and serum glucose values. Using matched pairs of glucose readings between CGM and POCT and between CGM and serum glucose, we calculated bias and absolute relative difference and conducted a Clarke Error Grid Analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-two percent of the participants were male, with a mean age of 58 ± 9.69 years, mean body mass index of 30 ± 6.41 kg/m², and baseline mean A1C level of 6.7 ± 1.07%. The mean durations of type 2 DM and end-stage kidney disease were 19 ± 10.6 and 3 ± 2.27 years, respectively. There were 327 and 72 matched pairs of CGM/POCT and CGM/serum glucose data, respectively. Clarke Error Grid Analysis comparing CGM/POCT showed 83.79% of values in zone A and 15.29% in zone B (combined 99.08%), with a mean absolute relative difference of 13.24%. For CGM/serum glucose, values of 83.1% were in zone A, and values of 16.9% were in zone B (combined 100%), with a mean absolute relative difference of 13.10%.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CGM provided accurate blood glucose measurements compared with POCT and serum glucose values in patients with type 2 DM after kidney transplant. When used in this patient population, CGM devices have the potential to improve clinical outcomes through earlier detection and intervention for glycemic excursions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"31 7","pages":"Pages 858-866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Risk Factors of Oral Health and Preventive Dental Care in Adults With Diabetes and Prediabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 to 2017-2020","authors":"You Lu PhD,&nbsp;Yilin Yoshida PhD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the prevalence, trends, and risk factors of major oral health indicators across diabetes mellitus (DM) subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 22 082 adults of diagnosed DM, undiagnosed DM (UnDxDM), prediabetes mellitus (PreDM), and normal glucose groups were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 to March 2020). We examined age, sex, and race-adjusted prevalence of preventive dental service (preventive dental service and self-dental cleaning) and oral health outcomes (≥10 missing teeth, self-rated oral health, and periodontitis). We used logistic regression to identify risk factors associated with each outcome DM population.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of lacking preventive dental service (DM, 52%; UnDxDM, 48%; PreDM, 44%; and normal, 42%, respectively), self-dental cleaning (38%, 37%, 30%, and 25%, respectively), missing teeth (39%, 31%, 19%, and 10%, respectively), poorly self-rated oral health (38%, 26%, 31%, and 27%, respectively), and periodontitis (50%, 51%, 42%, and 29%, respectively) remained consistently higher in those with DM than in normal glucose group. We observed a decline in the prevalence of lacking self-dental cleaning in the PreDM population and a decline in poorly self-rated oral health in all except the UnDxDM group. In the DM population, education, income, smoking, insurance, and glycemic control are risk factors for all outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The trends of lacking preventive dental care and suboptimal oral health outcomes were consistently higher in people with DM or PreDM than in those people without diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"31 7","pages":"Pages 867-874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of an Electronic Nose to Aid Biochemical Assessment of Adrenal Lesions","authors":"Charlotte L. Viëtor MD ,&nbsp;Odin V. Sosef MD ,&nbsp;Sam P.J. van Dijk MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Isabelle Holscher MD ,&nbsp;Jeffrey W. Chen MD ,&nbsp;Zaid Al-Difaie MD ,&nbsp;Max H.M.C. Scheepers MD ,&nbsp;Richard A. Feelders MD ,&nbsp;Koen M.A. Dreijerink MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Anton F. Engelsman MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tessa M. van Ginhoven MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has emerged as a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool for various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of an electronic nose to differentiate between functional adrenal lesions - pheochromocytoma (PHEO), primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA), and hypercortisolism (CS) - and nonfunctional adrenal lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A pilot study was conducted at 2 tertiary hospitals within the Netherlands. Patients with PHEO, PHA, CS, and nonfunctional adrenal lesions underwent breath testing with an electronic nose between May 2021 and June 2024. Each center employed a distinct electronic nose (device A and B). Comparability of data between the devices was assessed in a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding plot, and an artificial neural network was trained to classify breath patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data obtained from the 2 electronic noses were too heterogeneous for pooling and device B had an insufficient sample size for further analysis. Therefore, VOC patterns of 76 functional lesions (27 PHEO, 33 PHA, 16 CS) and 29 nonfunctional adrenal lesions measured exclusively with device A were analyzed. Moderate discriminative performance was observed in the training data: pooled functional lesions (area under the curve [AUC] 0.76), PHEO [AUC 0.76], PHA [AUC 0.72] and CS [AUC 0.58] versus nonfunctional lesions. However, model performance declined significantly when applying the model developed with training data on test data, with wide confidence intervals across all comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While slight differences in VOC patterns were detected between functional and nonfunctional adrenal lesions, the electronic nose demonstrated limited discriminative value for clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"31 7","pages":"Pages 918-927"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor on the 2025 AACE Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacologic Management of Adults With Dyslipidemia","authors":"Vishnu Priya Pulipati MD, FACE,&nbsp;Mihail Zilbermint MD, MBA, FACE,&nbsp;Shailendra B. Patel BM, ChB, DPhil","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"31 7","pages":"Pages 979-980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Diabetes Care Through Pharmacist-Led Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial in a Low-Resource Setting.","authors":"Muhammad Daoud Butt, Siew Chin Ong, Tooba Malik, Azra Rafiq, Aniekan Joshua Ibanga, Muhammad Nasir Kalam","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a pharmacist-led diabetes self-management education (DSME) intervention on clinical outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and diabetes knowledge among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A parallel-group, randomized-controlled trial was conducted involving 400 patients with T2DM assigned to either an intervention group (IG) receiving structured DSME over 12 months or to a control group (CG) receiving standard care. Primary outcomes included changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and diabetes knowledge, assessed using the Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test. Secondary outcomes included lipid profiles, blood pressure, diabetes self-management behaviors, and HRQoL. Data analysis involved the analysis of covariance and the repeated measures analysis of variance, with subgroup stratified by baseline clinical risk profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants in the IG exhibited significant reductions in HbA1c levels (from 9.12% to 8.02%) compared with those in the CG (from 9.27% to 9.01%; P < .001, η² = 0.13) and increased diabetes knowledge scores (from 11.10 to 14.88; P < .001). Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for HbA1c and random blood glucose. Subgroup analysis revealed notable improvements in total cholesterol (P = .03), triglycerides (P = .04), low-density lipoprotein (P = .03), and systolic blood pressure (P = .05) among participants with elevated baseline levels. The IG also showed significant gains in self-management behaviors (P < .001) and HRQoL scores (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pharmacist-led DSME program was effective in enhancing glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, self-management behaviors, and HRQoL in patients with T2DM. Findings from subgroup analyses underscore the potential of tailored pharmacist-led interventions to optimize outcomes in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative considerations following pituitary surgery: A guide for clinicians.","authors":"Erica A Giraldi, Adriana G Ioachimescu","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transsphenoidal surgery represents primary treatment for pituitary adenomas (other than prolactin-secreting) and other sellar/suprasellar masses including craniopharyngiomas. Endocrine evaluation for anterior hypopituitarism and water metabolism disorders is indicated in all patients. Transient fluid restriction postoperatively in patients without vasopressin deficiency reduces the risk of hyponatremia and hospital readmission. In Cushing disease, postoperative serum cortisol levels in the first postoperative days guide further management. In acromegaly, remission is established primarily by IGF-1 measurement three months postoperatively. Patients with functioning adenomas require proactive management of comorbidities related to hormone excess and lifelong monitoring for recurrence. Surgical outcomes are superior at high-volume institutions with neurosurgical and endocrinological expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Plasma Aldosterone and Renin Concentrations With Blood Pressure Variation and Hypertension Risk in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Hakka Biobank Study.","authors":"Fuxiang Fang, Jingwei Lin, Mingli Li, Zheng Wen, Diman Mai, Jingwen Liu, Lingyu Ye, Yezhou Wu, Xuefang Liang, Fuhua Hu, Yibi Lan, Junwu Ran, Renzhi Tan, Yongchen Li, Libing Lai, Jinlian Li, Yongxian Wu, Zheng Lu, Shengzhu Huang, Chao Wang, Zengnan Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System has been implicated in regulating blood pressure (BP), yet its effects on BP-related phenotypes are not well characterized in the Chinese population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on 8914 participants from the Hakka Biobank cohort of China, regression models, restricted cubic spline, and subgroup analyses were used to analyze associations of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), plasma renin concentration (PRC), and the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) with multiple BP-related phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable regression models indicated that higher log-PAC and log-ARR, and lower log-PRC, were associated with higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure (all P < .001). A 1-unit higher log-PAC or lower log-PRC was linked to higher risks of systolic, diastolic, clinic, and systolic-diastolic hypertension, with the odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-1.85) to 6.29 (95% CI, 4.48-8.83); and the OR of a higher log-ARR ranged from 1.66 (95% CI, 1.47-1.86) for systolic-diastolic hypertension to 2.42 (95% CI, 2.14-2.73) for clinic hypertension. Consistent associations were observed in subgroup and sensitivity analyses, as well as the participants with renin-independent aldosteronism compared to those with normal aldosterone concentration or renin-dependent aldosteronism (all P < .05). Moreover, restricted cubic spline model revealed significant nonlinear associations between log-PAC, log-PRC, and log-ARR with hypertension (all P nonlinearity < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher PAC and ARR, lower PRC were associated with adverse BP variation and elevated risk of hypertension, especially among participants in the context of renin suppression or autonomous aldosterone secretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Serum Thyroglobulin Reference Values and Predictors of Its Variability in an Iodine-Sufficient Population.","authors":"Irene Mamali, Georgios K Markantes, Dionysios V Chartoumpekis, Kostas B Markou, Ioannis Kioutsioukis, Marina A Michalaki","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a key biomarker for various thyroid conditions. However, population-specific reference values (RVs) are missing, and clinical practice relies on manufacturer-provided RVs. This study aimed to establish Tg RVs in an iodine-sufficient population using the strict National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria and to identify determinants of serum Tg levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened 420 volunteers through history, physical examination, thyroid function tests, urine iodine excretion, and thyroid ultrasonography. Thyroid volume (TTV) was estimated in a subset of the study population. We selected 140 subjects for NACB criteria-based Tg RVs determination (Cohort 1) and 154 for Tg determinant analysis (Cohort 2). Redundancy Analysis and Variation Partition were performed to quantify the explained variance of Tg from 5 variables -smoking, age, gender, thyrotropin, and TTV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RVs for Tg, calculated as mean ± 2 standard deviations on log-transformed data (as per the NACB criteria), were 2.95-56.23 ng/mL, whereas those suggested by our Tg assay manufacturer are 3.5-77 ng/mL. A model including all 5 predictors explained only 7.5% of Tg variability, with smoking (4.8%) and TTV (2.7%) as the only significant contributors. Subgroup analysis showed that thyrotropin had a minor impact only in men, while age and gender were not significant contributors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Population-specific RVs for Tg are essential in clinical decision-making. Known clinical/biochemical variables explained only a small proportion of Tg variability. Our findings underscore the need to identify additional determinants of Tg levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Adrenal Nodules Presenting With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion","authors":"Rashi Sandooja MD ,&nbsp;Oksana Hamidi DO ,&nbsp;Catherine D. Zhang MD ,&nbsp;Prerna Dogra MD ,&nbsp;Shobana Athimulam MD ,&nbsp;Leili Rahimi MD ,&nbsp;Camila Villavicencio Torres MD ,&nbsp;Shireen R. Chacko MD ,&nbsp;William Young MD ,&nbsp;Irina Bancos MD, MSc","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Benign adrenocortical adenomas are frequently diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging performed for unrelated reasons. Up to 15% to 20% of adrenal nodules are bilateral, representing bilateral adenomas or primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), diagnosed based on an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test, is seen in 19% to 44% of patients with adrenal adenomas. Distinguishing unilateral from bilateral MACS in patients with bilateral nodules is important to guide appropriate therapy and relies on imaging phenotype, and, in some cases, on adrenal vein sampling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MACS is associated with cardiovascular morbidity, poor quality of life, frailty, and increased mortality. Reversal of MACS improves these outcomes; however, management of patients with bilateral MACS is challenging. Unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with bilateral nodules and MACS may lead to permanent remission (if MACS is unilateral), temporary remission, or improvement of the degree of MACS (if MACS is bilateral). No medical therapy is currently approved for MACS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Here, we review the presentation, diagnosis, and management of patients with bilateral adrenal nodules and MACS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"31 8","pages":"Pages 1071-1083"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Stratification and Long-Term Outcome of Benign Thyroid Nodules - An 11-Year Cohort Study.","authors":"Sapir Pinhas, Jonathan Cohen, Raviv Allon, Nadav Ben-David, Noam Koch, David Kiderman, Elchanan Zloczower, Taiba Zornitzki, Moshe Yehuda, Yonatan Lahav, Oded Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2025.06.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The recommended follow-up interval and length, as well as the indication for repeat fine needle aspiration in benign nodules remains unclear up to date. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the long-term follow-up and management outcomes of benign thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study included 1224 nodules from 1071 patients with initial benign thyroid nodules, between 2010 and 2014. Phone calls were made to obtain updated information from patients when information was missing. The main outcome of the study was a change in the nodule's risk of malignancy (ROM) - defined either as a malignant pathology (when obtained) or by cytology (repeated Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology III, IV, V, or VI). Secondary outcomes included the yield of repeated fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Data included demographics, sonographic data, follow-up adherence, repeat FNA results, surgery types, and pathologic results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average follow-up period was 9.48 ± 1.72 years. 0.65% (7/1071) of patients remained without follow-up. The ROM was 3.43% (42/1224). Benign nodules >2 cm had a higher ROM compared to smaller nodules (5.3% vs 1.3% respectively, P-value<.001). Repeat FNA and a change in nodule size did not significantly change ROM. Among the 41 malignant nodules with documented size, 33 (80.49%) were nodules larger than 2 cm. A total of 35 cases (85.37%) were diagnosed within the first 3 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ROM for benign nodules remains considerably low, especially for nodule smaller than 2 cm. Long-term follow-up and repeated FNA and follow-up for BTSC II thyroid nodules without suspicious features should be reconsidered.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}