Endocrine Practice最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the clinical profile of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes and the association with other tumors.","authors":"Clarissa C Pedreira, Karen Olivar-Carreño, Shubhangi Tuli, Erica Blouch, Miriam Udler, Vibha Singhal, Madhusmita Misra","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.08.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2026.08.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the clinical profile of patients with MEN syndromes and possible associations with tumors less commonly identified in these conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present data from a chart review of 182 patients from our MEN registry. We identified 106 patients with MEN1 and 76 with MEN2 defined by clinical criteria. 45 patients with MEN1 and 69 with MEN2 were genetically confirmed cases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all patients with clinical MEN1, commonly associated tumors included parathyroid (89.6%), pituitary (61.3%), and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (65.1%). Other tumors included papillary thyroid cancer (5.7%), renal cell carcinoma (4.7%), breast cancer, melanoma, lymphoma (1.9% each), lung cancer, bladder cancer, multiple myeloma and liposarcoma (0.9% each). Among patients with clinical MEN2, commonly associated tumors included medullary thyroid cancer (60.5%), pheochromocytoma (31.6%), and hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia (14.5%). Other tumors included breast cancer (6.6%), lymphoma (2.6%), papillary thyroid cancer (5.3%), non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, multiple myeloma and glioblastoma multiforme (1.3% each).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found many tumors not commonly associated with MEN1 and MEN2 syndromes in patients with these conditions. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of MEN1 and RET mutations in tumorigenesis to aid in early diagnosis, management, and better outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibrating ACTH–DHEA-S and Late-Night Cortisol for MACS: Avoiding a “Good Score” Used Badly","authors":"Jie Pang MD","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"32 10","pages":"Page 1598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Genetics on Endocrine Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis","authors":"Malinda Wu MD, MSCR,&nbsp;Monica E. Bianco MD,&nbsp;Scott M. Blackman MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic multisystem disorder. Endocrine complications of CF are common and include diabetes, growth disorders, and bone disease among others. CF endocrinopathies may be influenced by 2 classes of genetic factors: (1) disease-causing cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (<em>CFTR</em>) variants that determine the level of CFTR dysfunction, and (2) variants in other genes throughout the genome known as genetic modifiers. This review highlights the impact of these genetic factors on selected endocrine manifestations of CF. CF-related diabetes (CFRD): CFRD is dependent on both variation at <em>CFTR</em> and genetic modifiers. Some genetic modifiers identified for CFRD influence non-CF forms of diabetes, eg, type 2 diabetes, highlighting overlapping pathophysiology, while others appear to be unique to CFRD. Other CFRD modifiers influence multiple CF manifestations, suggesting influence of the CF disease process itself. Growth disorders: Genetic investigations of growth and nutritional status have likewise identified both <em>CFTR</em> and non-<em>CFTR</em> genetic influences, with the latter revealing overlapping as well as distinct pathophysiological mechanisms involved in weight regulation in the general population. CF-related bone disease: Fewer CF-related bone disease studies have been conducted, but osteoporosis in the general population is a highly heritable trait with more than 1000 genetic modifiers already identified. Like studies of diabetes and growth, identifying genetic modifiers of osteoporosis-related traits in CF will likely reveal how pathophysiology of CF and non-CF bone disease is overlapping or distinct. Consideration of genetic influences on CF endocrinopathy can lead to better understanding for these endocrine manifestations in and outside of CF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1567-1574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Survival: Advancing Endocrine and Reproductive Health in Cystic Fibrosis","authors":"Katherine Kutney MD,&nbsp;Andrea H. Roe MD,&nbsp;Sheila Mody MD, MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.04.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.04.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1590-1591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent Risks of Endocrine and Nonendocrine Malignancies in GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Users: A Propensity-Matched Real-World Analysis of Over 140 000 Patients","authors":"Cheng-Hsien Hung BSc,&nbsp;Fu-Shun Yen MD,&nbsp;Jing-Yang Huang PhD,&nbsp;James Cheng-Chung Wei MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The long-term impact on cancer risk remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between GLP-1 RA and the risk of cancer, including site-specific malignancies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX database. Adults with T2DM between 2015 and 2023 were identified. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 144 410 GLP-1 RA users were compared with nonusers. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and incident malignant neoplasms. Secondary outcomes included site-specific cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GLP-1 RA use was associated with lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.693) and a reduced overall incidence of cancer (HR 0.905). Regarding nonendocrine malignancies, significant risk reductions were observed for digestive cancers (HR 0.710) and respiratory cancers (HR 0.691), as well as for other sites including oral, female genital, and central nervous system cancers. In contrast, GLP-1 RA was linked to an increased risk of thyroid gland cancer (HR 1.411). Active-comparator analyses against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor yielded broadly consistent findings. Landmark analyses at 3 years showed attenuation of the thyroid cancer signal to nonsignificance, suggesting surveillance bias rather than a true carcinogenic effect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This real-world analysis demonstrates divergent oncologic risks associated with GLP-1 RA use, while the therapy offers potential protective effects against nonendocrine malignancies (particularly digestive and respiratory). The initially elevated thyroid cancer risk was no longer significant at 3 years, suggesting surveillance bias. These findings support the overall oncologic safety of GLP-1 RA in T2DM management, while warranting further long-term studies to confirm these associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1488-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147959907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrate Counting in the Real World: Mealtime Insulin Dosing Behaviors and Smartphone App Use in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.","authors":"Estelle M Everett, Erin Shaw, Bryan Escobar, Deborah Cheng, Ryan Tiu, Rebecca Lopez, Jessica Menjivar Cruz, Alejandra Rivas Deras, Danielle Polan, Lauren E Wisk, Tannaz Moin","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2026.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Strategies for prandial insulin dosing are not well characterized but have important implications for diabetes care in real-world practice. Our objective for this study was to characterize mealtime insulin dosing strategies, evaluate discrepancies between patient-reported and provider-documented dosing approaches, and assess smartphone app use for carbohydrate counting among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with an ICD diagnosis code for T1D and an active patient portal account within an academic health system were invited to complete a survey assessing mealtime insulin dosing behaviors and smartphone application (app) use for carbohydrate counting. Responses were linked to electronic health record data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 903 participants, mean age was 45 years and mean diabetes duration was 23 years; 53% were women, 67% were White non-Hispanic, 95% used CGM, and 58% used automated insulin delivery. Overall, 54% reported carbohydrate counting, 39% used experience-based estimation, and 2% used fixed dosing; A1c did not differ by dosing strategy. Among participants with provider-documented carb counting, 36% reported experience-based estimation. App use was infrequent, with 51% reporting never using apps; common barriers were memorization of commonly eaten foods and perceived time burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many adults with T1D rely on heuristic insulin dosing approaches that prioritize practicality over maximal precision and were not associated with worse glycemic outcomes, underscoring the need for practical, sustainable self-management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Post-Dexamethasone Cortisol With Cardiovascular and Metabolic Comorbidities in Patients With Nonfunctioning Adrenal Adenomas.","authors":"Murat Bugra Gorgulu, Murat Calapkulu, Enes Ucgul, Burak Menekse, Revah Cankaya, Erman Cakal","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2026.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether post-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol within the conventionally suppressed range is associated with documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and cardiometabolic comorbidities in nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas (NFAAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 444 adults with homogeneous adrenal lesions smaller than 4 cm, unenhanced computed tomography attenuation of 10 Hounsfield units or less, no adrenal hormone excess, and post-1 mg DST cortisol of 1.8 μg/dL or less. Documented ASCVD was the primary outcome; metabolic syndrome and other cardiometabolic conditions were secondary outcomes. ROC analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed, with cortisol modeled per 0.1 μg/dL increase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women comprised 69.6% of the cohort; median age was 57 years and median post-DST cortisol was 0.96 μg/dL. Each 0.1 μg/dL increase was independently associated with 21% higher odds of documented ASCVD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.34; P<.001). The ROC area under the curve was 0.820 (95% CI, 0.781-0.860). The exploratory Youden-optimal value was 0.985 μg/dL, with 87% sensitivity, 71% specificity, 59% positive predictive value, and 92% negative predictive value. Post-DST cortisol was also independently associated with metabolic syndrome (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13-1.35; P<.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher post-DST cortisol within the suppressed range was independently associated with documented ASCVD and showed substantial discrimination. These findings support a cardiometabolic gradient below the mild autonomous cortisol secretion threshold but do not establish a diagnostic cutoff.</p>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149106076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age as a Risk Stratification Factor in Surgically Treated Low-Risk Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Insight From the TIRETA Study","authors":"Elisa Gatta MD,&nbsp;Ilenia Pirola MD,&nbsp;Anna Maria Bozzola MD,&nbsp;Davide Lombardi MD,&nbsp;Riccardo Morandi MD,&nbsp;Elena Gandossi MD,&nbsp;Loubna Enezari MD,&nbsp;Sara Manelli MD,&nbsp;Caterina Zoccoletto MD,&nbsp;Claudio Casella MD,&nbsp;Carlo Cappelli MD","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate whether age acts as a clinically meaningful risk stratification factor in surgically treated TIR3A/Bethesda III nodules.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively reviewed consecutive adult patients with TIR3A cytology who underwent thyroid surgery between 2015 and 2025 at a single tertiary center. Only cases with definitive histology were included. The primary outcome was malignancy at final histology. Age was analyzed as both a continuous and categorical variable using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Nonlinear associations were explored with restricted cubic splines. Discriminative performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and decision curve analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 435 surgically treated patients (mean age 54 ± 14 years; 23.7% male), 76 (17.5%) had differentiated thyroid cancer. Increasing age was independently associated with a lower risk of malignancy (adjusted OR per year 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-0.99; <em>P</em> = .015). Age demonstrated modest discriminative performance (AUC 0.608; 95% CI 0.536-0.681). Model-based estimates indicated that age alone was associated with an absolute shift in malignancy probability of approximately 8-10 percentage points between 40 and 60 years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In TIR3a/Bethesda III nodules, age functions as a clinically meaningful risk modifier rather than a stand-alone diagnostic tool. Although insufficient to guide surgery independently, age may help contextualize malignancy probability and support shared decision-making, particularly when molecular testing is unavailable or inconclusive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1505-1511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148028364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Preparation With Selective versus Nonselective Alpha-Adrenoceptor Blockade for Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zhixiang Pan BS,&nbsp;Chao Wang MM,&nbsp;Quanheng Liu MD,&nbsp;Xiaowen Xu MD,&nbsp;Yizhou Wang MD,&nbsp;Kai Cheng MM,&nbsp;Zhi Li MM,&nbsp;Junjie Chen MS,&nbsp;Minghao Li PhD,&nbsp;Qiao Xiao PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Preoperative preparation with nonselective alpha-blockers (NABs) or selective alpha-blockers (SABs) is crucial for the maintenance of intraoperative hemodynamic stability during surgical resection of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of NAB versus SAB for preoperative preparation in patients with PPGL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases (up to August 2, 2025) for randomized and observational studies directly comparing NAB with SAB. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty studies were included, involving 2293 patients. Not all studies reported every outcome and no single study contributed data to all endpoints. Compared with SAB, NAB significantly reduced the risk of intraoperative hypertensive crisis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17 to 0.61, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), the maximum intraoperative systolic blood pressure (mean difference [MD]: −12.85 mmHg, 95% CI: −18.11 to −7.60, <em>P</em> &lt; .001), and the hemodynamic instability score (MD: −6.75, 95% CI: −13.59 to 0.08, <em>P</em> = .05), while maintaining a higher minimum systolic blood pressure (MD: 2.02 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.53 to 3.51, <em>P</em> = .008). Additionally, the intraoperative vasopressors (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.92, <em>P</em> = .02) and vasodilators (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33 to 0.75, <em>P</em> &lt; .001) were required less frequently in the NAB than SAB group. No significant differences were observed in other secondary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Preoperative preparation of NAB was superior to SAB in controlling peak intraoperative hypertension and maintaining hemodynamic stability for patients with PPGL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1539-1547"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147927764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latest Advances in Therapeutic Recommendations for Managing Type 2 Diabetes in People Who Fast During Ramadan","authors":"Raed Ibrahim Algozi PharmD, MSc, PGCAP, FHEA, PhD (Candidate),&nbsp;Parvez Iqbal Haris PhD,&nbsp;Abu-Bakr Abu-Median PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eprac.2026.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Fasting during Ramadan is mandatory for all adult Muslims. However, those who are travelling or have an illness are exempted by religious guidelines from fasting, but have to give food or money to the poor and needy for each missed day of fasting. Despite this, many individuals with illness continue to fast, placing own lives at risk and creating a burden on their families and the healthcare system. Ramadan fasting introduces challenges for individuals with illness, such as diabetes, due to changes in nutritional habits, lifestyle patterns, and medication administration. This narrative review provides an overview of type 2 diabetes (T2D) management during Ramadan fasting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase for studies published between July 1979 and February 2026. Papers addressing T2D management during Ramadan were included based on clinical relevance, and studies not related to Ramadan fasting were excluded. Studies were selected through title, abstract, and full-text review.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Approximately 60 studies were identified. Current evidence indicates that some individuals with T2D continue to experience increased hospitalization rates during Ramadan, as reported in observational studies. Emerging evidence, based on observational studies and expert consensus with limited randomized controlled trial data, supports the potential benefit of a personalized pre-Ramadan 3-month low-calorie dietary program for those who still insist on fasting. This approach may improve glycemic control and reduce complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Integrating personalized pre-Ramadan dietary interventions into diabetes management guidelines may improve safety and reduce hospitalization rates among individuals with T2D who fast during Ramadan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11682,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Practice","volume":"32 10","pages":"Pages 1548-1554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147927624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}