Electronics最新文献_第3页

Adaptive Multi-Feature Attention Network for Image Dehazing 用于图像去重的自适应多特征注意网络

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183706

Hongyuan Jing, Jiaxing Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Shuang Wei, Aidong Chen, Mengmeng Zhang

{"title":"Adaptive Multi-Feature Attention Network for Image Dehazing","authors":"Hongyuan Jing, Jiaxing Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Shuang Wei, Aidong Chen, Mengmeng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183706","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, deep-learning-based image dehazing methods occupy a dominant position in image dehazing applications. Although many complicated dehazing models have achieved competitive dehazing performance, effective methods for extracting useful features are still under-researched. Thus, an adaptive multi-feature attention network (AMFAN) consisting of the point-weighted attention (PWA) mechanism and the multi-layer feature fusion (AMLFF) is presented in this paper. We start by enhancing pixel-level attention for each feature map. Specifically, we design a PWA block, which aggregates global and local information of the feature map. We also employ PWA to make the model adaptively focus on significant channels/regions. Then, we design a feature fusion block (FFB), which can accomplish feature-level fusion by exploiting a PWA block. The FFB and PWA constitute our AMLFF. We design an AMLFF, which can integrate three different levels of feature maps to effectively balance the weights of the inputs to the encoder and decoder. We also utilize the contrastive loss function to train the dehazing network so that the recovered image is far from the negative sample and close to the positive sample. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world images demonstrate that this dehazing approach surpasses numerous other advanced techniques, both visually and quantitatively, showcasing its superiority in image dehazing.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fault Prediction in Resistance Spot Welding: A Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches 电阻点焊中的故障预测：机器学习方法比较

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183693

Gabriele Ciravegna, Franco Galante, Danilo Giordano, Tania Cerquitelli, Marco Mellia

{"title":"Fault Prediction in Resistance Spot Welding: A Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches","authors":"Gabriele Ciravegna, Franco Galante, Danilo Giordano, Tania Cerquitelli, Marco Mellia","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183693","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance spot welding is widely adopted in manufacturing and is characterized by high reliability and simple automation in the production line. The detection of defective welds is a difficult task that requires either destructive or expensive and slow non-destructive testing (e.g., ultrasound). The robots performing the welding automatically collect contextual and process-specific data. In this paper, we test whether these data can be used to predict defective welds. To do so, we use a dataset collected in a real industrial plant that describes welding-related data labeled with ultrasonic quality checks. We use these data to develop several pipelines based on shallow and deep learning machine learning algorithms and test the performance of these pipelines in predicting defective welds. Our results show that, despite the development of different pipelines and complex models, the machine-learning-based defect detection algorithms achieve limited performance. Using a qualitative analysis of model predictions, we show that correct predictions are often a consequence of inherent biases and intrinsic limitations in the data. We therefore conclude that the automatically collected data have limitations that hamper fault detection in a running production plant.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Algorithm for Street Scenes Based on Attention Mechanism and Feature Fusion 基于注意机制和特征融合的街景实时语义分割算法

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183699

Bao Wu, Xingzhong Xiong, Yong Wang

{"title":"Real-Time Semantic Segmentation Algorithm for Street Scenes Based on Attention Mechanism and Feature Fusion","authors":"Bao Wu, Xingzhong Xiong, Yong Wang","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183699","url":null,"abstract":"In computer vision, the task of semantic segmentation is crucial for applications such as autonomous driving and intelligent surveillance. However, achieving a balance between real-time performance and segmentation accuracy remains a significant challenge. Although Fast-SCNN is favored for its efficiency and low computational complexity, it still faces difficulties when handling complex street scene images. To address this issue, this paper presents an improved Fast-SCNN, aiming to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of semantic segmentation by incorporating a novel attention mechanism and an enhanced feature extraction module. Firstly, the integrated SimAM (Simple, Parameter-Free Attention Module) increases the network’s sensitivity to critical regions of the image and effectively adjusts the feature space weights across channels. Additionally, the refined pyramid pooling module in the global feature extraction module captures a broader range of contextual information through refined pooling levels. During the feature fusion stage, the introduction of an enhanced DAB (Depthwise Asymmetric Bottleneck) block and SE (Squeeze-and-Excitation) attention optimizes the network’s ability to process multi-scale information. Furthermore, the classifier module is extended by incorporating deeper convolutions and more complex convolutional structures, leading to a further improvement in model performance. These enhancements significantly improve the model’s ability to capture details and overall segmentation performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method excels in processing complex street scene images, achieving a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 71.7% and 69.4% on the Cityscapes and CamVid datasets, respectively, while maintaining inference speeds of 81.4 fps and 113.6 fps. These results indicate that the proposed model effectively improves segmentation quality in complex street scenes while ensuring real-time processing capabilities.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Backscatter Communication for Data transmission 用于数据传输的可重构智能表面反向散射通信技术

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183702

Xingquan Li, Hongxia Zheng, Chunlong He, Yong Wang, Guoqing Wang

引用次数: 0

Denoising Diffusion Implicit Model for Camouflaged Object Detection 用于伪装物体检测的去噪扩散隐含模型

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183690

Wei Cai, Weijie Gao, Xinhao Jiang, Xin Wang, Xingyu Di

{"title":"Denoising Diffusion Implicit Model for Camouflaged Object Detection","authors":"Wei Cai, Weijie Gao, Xinhao Jiang, Xin Wang, Xingyu Di","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183690","url":null,"abstract":"Camouflaged object detection (COD) is a challenging task that involves identifying objects that closely resemble their background. In order to detect camouflaged objects more accurately, we propose a diffusion model for the COD network called DMNet. DMNet formulates COD as a denoising diffusion process from noisy boxes to prediction boxes. During the training stage, random boxes diffuse from ground-truth boxes, and DMNet learns to reverse this process. In the sampling stage, DMNet progressively refines random boxes to prediction boxes. In addition, due to the camouflaged object’s blurred appearance and the low contrast between it and the background, the feature extraction stage of the network is challenging. Firstly, we proposed a parallel fusion module (PFM) to enhance the information extracted from the backbone. Then, we designed a progressive feature pyramid network (PFPN) for feature fusion, in which the upsample adaptive spatial fusion module (UAF) balances the different feature information by assigning weights to different layers. Finally, a location refinement module (LRM) is constructed to make DMNet pay attention to the boundary details. We compared DMNet with other classical object-detection models on the COD10K dataset. Experimental results indicated that DMNet outperformed others, achieving optimal effects across six evaluation metrics and significantly enhancing detection accuracy.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Bottom-Up Towards a Completely Decentralized Autonomous Electric Grid Based on the Concept of a Decentralized Autonomous Substation 基于分散式自主变电站概念，自下而上实现完全分散的自主电网

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183683

Alain Aoun, Nadine Kashmar, Mehdi Adda, Hussein Ibrahim

{"title":"From Bottom-Up Towards a Completely Decentralized Autonomous Electric Grid Based on the Concept of a Decentralized Autonomous Substation","authors":"Alain Aoun, Nadine Kashmar, Mehdi Adda, Hussein Ibrahim","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183683","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of a decentralized electric grid has shifted from being a concept to a reality. The growing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) has transformed the traditional centralized electric grid into a decentralized one. However, while most efforts to manage and optimize this decentralization focus on the electrical infrastructure layer, the operational and control layer, as well as the data management layer, have received less attention. Current electric grids rely on centralized control centers (CCCs) that serve as the electric grid’s brain, where operators monitor, control, and manage the entire grid infrastructure. Hence, any disruption caused by a cyberattack or a natural event, disconnecting the CCC, could have numerous negative effects on grid operations, including socioeconomic impacts, equipment damage, market repercussions, and blackouts. This article introduces the idea of a fully decentralized electric grid that leverages autonomous smart substations and blockchain integration for decentralized data management and control. The aim is to propose a blockchain-enabled decentralized electric grid model and its potential impact on energy markets, sustainability, and resilience. The model presented underlines the transformative potential of decentralized autonomous grids in revolutionizing energy systems for better operability, management, and flexibility.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensor-Based Real-Time Monitoring Approach for Multi-Participant Workout Intensity Management 基于传感器的多人锻炼强度管理实时监测方法

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183687

José Saias, Jorge Bravo

{"title":"Sensor-Based Real-Time Monitoring Approach for Multi-Participant Workout Intensity Management","authors":"José Saias, Jorge Bravo","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183687","url":null,"abstract":"One of the significant advantages of technological evolution is the greater ease of collecting and analyzing data. Miniaturization, wireless communication protocols and IoT allow the use of sensors to collect data, with all the potential to support decision making in real time. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a digital solution to guide the intensity of training or physical activity, based on heart rate wearable sensors applied to participants in group sessions. Our system, featuring a unified engine that simplifies sensor management and minimizes user disruption, has been proven effective for real-time monitoring. It includes custom alerts during variable-intensity workouts, and ensures data preservation for subsequent analysis by physiologists or clinicians. This solution has been used in sessions of up to six participants and sensors up to 12 m away from the gateway device. We describe some challenges and constraints we face in collecting data from multiple and possibly different sensors simultaneously via Bluetooth Low Energy, and the approaches we follow to overcome them. We conduct an in-depth questionnaire to identify potential obstacles and drivers for system acceptance. We also discuss some possibilities for extension and improvement of our system.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control Method for Ultra-Low Frequency Oscillation and Frequency Control Performance in Hydro–Wind Power Sending System 水力风力发电送出系统中的超低频振荡控制方法和频率控制性能

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183691

Renjie Wu, Qin Jiang, Baohong Li, Tianqi Liu, Xueyang Zeng

{"title":"Control Method for Ultra-Low Frequency Oscillation and Frequency Control Performance in Hydro–Wind Power Sending System","authors":"Renjie Wu, Qin Jiang, Baohong Li, Tianqi Liu, Xueyang Zeng","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183691","url":null,"abstract":"In a hydropower-dominated power grid, the primary frequency regulation (PFR) capability of hydropower units is typically compromised to suppress ultra-low frequency oscillations (ULFOs). However, as renewable wind power is further integrated, a practicable solution to damp ULFOs has emerged, which is to adjust the frequency control parameters of wind turbine (WT) units. Driven by the goals of overall damping enhancement and ULFO suppression, this paper first establishes an extended unified frequency model (EUFM) of a hydro–wind power sending system. Based on EUFM, the damping torque of the hydro–wind power sending system is derived, and the specific impact of WT control parameters on ULFOs and PFR characteristics is investigated. Then, a novel optimization objective function considering damping in the ultra-low frequency band and PFR is formulated and solved using an intelligence algorithm. By optimizing the parameters of the WT to suppress ULFOs, the PFR capability of hydropower units can be released. Finally, simulation results verify that the optimized WT parameters can simultaneously address the ULFO problem and guarantee PFR performance, thereby enhancing the frequency dynamic stability of the sending system.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-Stage Distributed Robust Optimization Scheduling Considering Demand Response and Direct Purchase of Electricity by Large Consumers 考虑需求响应和大用户直接购电的两阶段分布式稳健优化调度

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183685

Zhaorui Yang, Yu He, Jing Zhang, Zijian Zhang, Jie Luo, Guomin Gan, Jie Xiang, Yang Zou

{"title":"Two-Stage Distributed Robust Optimization Scheduling Considering Demand Response and Direct Purchase of Electricity by Large Consumers","authors":"Zhaorui Yang, Yu He, Jing Zhang, Zijian Zhang, Jie Luo, Guomin Gan, Jie Xiang, Yang Zou","doi":"10.3390/electronics13183685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183685","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of large-scale wind power into power systems has exacerbated the challenges associated with peak load regulation. Concurrently, the ongoing advancement of electricity marketization reforms highlights the need to assess the impact of direct electricity procurement by large consumers on enhancing the flexibility of power systems. In this context, this paper introduces a Distributed Robust Optimal Scheduling (DROS) model, which addresses the uncertainties of wind power generation and direct electricity purchases by large consumers. Firstly, to mitigate the effects of wind power uncertainty on the power system, a first-order Markov chain model with interval characteristics is introduced. This approach effectively captures the temporal and variability aspects of wind power prediction errors. Secondly, building upon the day-ahead scenarios generated by the Markov chain, the model then formulates a data-driven optimization framework that spans from day-ahead to intra-day scheduling. In the day-ahead phase, the model leverages the price elasticity of the demand matrix to guide consumer behavior, with the primary objective of maximizing the total revenue of the wind farm. A robust scheduling strategy is developed, yielding an hourly scheduling plan for the day-ahead phase. This plan dynamically adjusts tariffs in the intra-day phase based on deviations in wind power output, thereby encouraging flexible user responses to the inherent uncertainty in wind power generation. Ultimately, the efficacy of the proposed DROS method is validated through extensive numerical simulations, demonstrating its potential to enhance the robustness and flexibility of power systems in the presence of significant wind power integration and market-driven direct electricity purchases.","PeriodicalId":11646,"journal":{"name":"Electronics","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clop Ransomware in Action: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Multi-Stage Tactics Clop 勒索软件实战：全面分析勒索软件的多阶段策略

IF 2.9 3区工程技术

Electronics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.3390/electronics13183689

Yongjoon Lee, Jaeil Lee, Dojin Ryu, Hansol Park, Dongkyoo Shin

引用次数: 0