Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5030017

Md Shafiul Islam, Alan J. Branigan, Dexian Ye, M. Collinson

{"title":"Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated Titanium Nitride Nanorod Array Electrodes for Electrochemical Applications","authors":"Md Shafiul Islam, Alan J. Branigan, Dexian Ye, M. Collinson","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5030017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5030017","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes the fabrication and characterization of a new high surface area nanocomposite electrode containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and titanium nitride (TiN) for electrochemical applications. This approach involves electrochemically depositing rGO on a high surface area TiN nanorod array electrode to form a new nanocomposite electrode. The TiN nanorod array was first formed by the glancing angle deposition technique in a DC (Direct Current) sputtering system. GO flakes of ~1.5 μm in diameter, as confirmed by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), were electrodeposited on the nanostructured TiN electrode via the application of a fixed potential for one hour. The surface morphology of the as-prepared rGO/TiN electrode was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the presence of rGO on TiN was confirmed by Raman Microscopy. The CV shows an increase in the capacitive current at rGO/TiN as compared to TiN. The rGO decorated TiN electrode was then used for analyzing the electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid and dopamine, and the reduction of nitrate by CV and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), respectively. CV or LSV show that the electrochemical kinetics of these three analytes are significantly faster on rGO/TiN than TiN itself. Overall, the rGO/TiN electrode showed better electrochemical behavior for biomolecules like ascorbic acid and dopamine as well as another target analyte, nitrate ions, compared to TiN by itself.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High C-Rate Performant Electrospun LiFePO4/Carbon Nanofiber Self-Standing Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries 用于锂离子电池的高 C 率高性能电纺 LiFePO4/碳纳米纤维自立式阴极

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5020014

D. Conti, Claudia Urru, Giovanna Bruni, Pietro Galinetto, B. Albini, V. Berbenni, D. Capsoni

{"title":"High C-Rate Performant Electrospun LiFePO4/Carbon Nanofiber Self-Standing Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"D. Conti, Claudia Urru, Giovanna Bruni, Pietro Galinetto, B. Albini, V. Berbenni, D. Capsoni","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5020014","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, LiFePO4/CNF self-standing cathodes for LIBs are synthesized by electrospinning. A lower active material amount (12.3 and 34.5 wt%) is used, compared to the conventional tape-casted cathodes (70–85 wt%). The characterization techniques (XRPD, SEM, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry) confirm that the olivine-type structure of LiFePO4 is maintained in the binder-free electrodes, and the active material is homogeneously dispersed into and within the carbon nanofibers. The electrochemical investigation demonstrates that higher Li+ diffusion coefficients (1.36 × 10−11 cm2/s) and improved reversibility are reached for free-standing electrodes, compared to the LiFePO4 tape-casted cathode (80 wt% of active material) appositely prepared for comparison. The 34.5 wt% LiFePO4 self-standing cathode displays a lower capacity fading, good reversibility and stability, enhanced capacity values at C-rates higher than 5C, and a good lifespan when cycled 1000 cycles at 1C and further cycled up to 20C, compared to the tape-casted counterpart. Notably, the improved electrochemical performances are obtained by only the 34.5 wt% of active material. The results evidence the relevant role of the CNF matrix suitable to host LiFePO4, to promote electrolyte permeation and contact with the active material, and to increase the electronic conductivity.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supercritical CO2-Assisted Electroless Plating of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Filaments for Weavable Device Application 超临界二氧化碳辅助化学电镀超高分子量聚乙烯丝，用于可织造设备应用

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5020013

Hikaru Kondo, Tomoyuki Kurioka, Wan-Ting Chiu, Chun-Yi Chen, Jhen-Yang Wu, Tso-Fu Mark Chang, Machiko Yamaguchi, Hiromichi Kurosu, Masato Sone

引用次数: 0

Ion-Selective Electrodes in the Food Industry: Development Trends in the Potentiometric Determination of Ionic Pollutants 食品工业中的离子选择电极：离子污染物电位测定的发展趋势

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5020012

Antonio Ruiz-Gonzalez

{"title":"Ion-Selective Electrodes in the Food Industry: Development Trends in the Potentiometric Determination of Ionic Pollutants","authors":"Antonio Ruiz-Gonzalez","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5020012","url":null,"abstract":"Food quality assessment is becoming a global priority due to population growth and the rise of ionic pollutants derived from anthropogenic sources. However, the current methods used to quantify toxic ions are expensive and their operation is complex. Consequently, there is a need for affordable and accessible methods for the accurate determination of ion concentrations in food. Electrochemical sensors based on potentiometry represent a promising approach in this field, with the potential to overcome limitations of the currently available systems. This review summarizes the current advances in the electrochemical quantification of heavy metals and toxic anions in the food industry using potentiometric sensors. The healthcare impact of common heavy metal contaminants (Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, As3+) and anions (ClO4−, F−, HPO4−, SO42−, NO3−, NO2−) is discussed, alongside current regulations, and gold standard methods for analysis. Sensor performances are compared to current benchmarks in terms of selectivity and the limit of detection. Given the complexity of food samples, the percentage recovery values (%) and the methodologies employed for ion extraction are also described. Finally, a summary of the challenges and future directions of the field is provided. An overview of technologies that can overcome the limitations of current electrochemical sensors is shown, including new extraction methods for ions in food.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determining the Oxidation Stability of Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Dynamics 利用量子化学和分子动力学确定锂离子电池电解质的氧化稳定性

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5010007

E. Evshchik, S. Borisevich, M. G. Ilyina, E. Khamitov, Alexander V. Chernyak, T. A. Pugacheva, Valery G. Kolmakov, O. V. Bushkova, Yuri A. Dobrovolsky

{"title":"Determining the Oxidation Stability of Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Dynamics","authors":"E. Evshchik, S. Borisevich, M. G. Ilyina, E. Khamitov, Alexander V. Chernyak, T. A. Pugacheva, Valery G. Kolmakov, O. V. Bushkova, Yuri A. Dobrovolsky","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5010007","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the oxidation potential (OP) of lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolytes using theoretical methods will significantly speed up and simplify the process of creating a new generation high-voltage battery. The algorithm for calculating OP should be not only accurate but also fast. Our work proposes theoretical principles for evaluating the OP of LIB electrolytes by considering LiDFOB solutions with different salt concentrations in EC/DMC solvent mixtures. The advantage of the new algorithm compared to previous versions of the theoretical determination of the oxidation potential of electrolyte solutions used in lithium-ion batteries for calculations of statistically significant complexes, the structure of which was determined by the molecular dynamics method. This approach significantly reduces the number of atomic–molecular systems whose geometric parameters need to be optimized using quantum chemical methods. Due to this, it is possible to increase the speed of calculations and reduce the power requirements of the computer performing the calculations. The theoretical calculations included a set of approaches based on the methods of classical molecular mechanics and quantum chemistry. To select statistically significant complexes that can make a significant contribution to the stability of the electrochemical system, a thorough analysis of molecular dynamics simulation trajectories was performed. Their geometric parameters (including oxidized forms) were optimized by QM methods. As a result, oxidation potentials were assessed, and their dependence on salt concentration was described. Here, we once again emphasize that it is difficult to obtain, by calculation methods, the absolute OP values that would be equal (or close) to the OP values estimated by experimental methods. Nevertheless, a trend can be identified. The results of theoretical calculations are in full agreement with the experimental ones.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Bulk Modification of the MF-4SK Membrane with Phosphorylated Hyper-Branched Dendrimer Bolthorn H20 on the Mechanisms of Electroconvection/Dissociation of Water and Specific Selectivity to Divalent Ions 用磷酸化超支化树枝状聚合物 Bolthorn H20 对 MF-4SK 膜进行批量改性对水的电吸附/解离机制以及对二价离子的特异选择性的影响

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5010006

A. Achoh, Denis Bondarev, E. Nosova, S. Melnikov

{"title":"The Effect of Bulk Modification of the MF-4SK Membrane with Phosphorylated Hyper-Branched Dendrimer Bolthorn H20 on the Mechanisms of Electroconvection/Dissociation of Water and Specific Selectivity to Divalent Ions","authors":"A. Achoh, Denis Bondarev, E. Nosova, S. Melnikov","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5010006","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the modification of ion-exchange membranes by incorporating a phosphorylated dendrimer into sulfonated polytetrafluoroethylene membranes to enhance the specific selectivity between mono-/divalent ions, using the Ca2+/Na+ pair as an example. This research employs mechanical, physicochemical, and electrochemical analyses to explore the effects of P-H20 incorporation on membrane properties. Bulk modification significantly increases membrane selectivity towards calcium ions (the specific permselectivity coefficient rises from 1.5 to 7.2), while maintaining the same level of the limiting current density. Other findings indicate that bulk modification significantly changes the transport-channel structure of the membrane and alters the mechanism of over-limiting mass transfer. The over-limiting current for the pristine membrane is mainly due to non-equilibrium electroconvection, while modified membranes actively participate in the water-splitting reaction, leading to the suppression of the electroconvection. Despite this drawback, the decrease of the over-limiting potential drop results in a decrease in specific energy consumption from 0.11 to 0.07 kWh/mol. In the underlimiting current mode, the specific energy consumption for all studied membranes remains within the same limits of 0.02–0.03 kWh/mol.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Different Electrochemical Methodologies for Electrode Reactions: A Case Study of Paracetamol 比较不同的电极反应电化学方法：扑热息痛案例研究

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5010004

Zaheer Masood, Haji Muhammad, Iftikhar Ahmed Tahiri

{"title":"Comparison of Different Electrochemical Methodologies for Electrode Reactions: A Case Study of Paracetamol","authors":"Zaheer Masood, Haji Muhammad, Iftikhar Ahmed Tahiri","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5010004","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding electrochemical reactions at the surface of electrodes requires the accurate calculation of key parameters—the transfer coefficient (α), diffusion coefficient (D0), and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k0). The choice of method to calculate these parameters requires careful consideration based on the nature of the electrochemical reaction. In this study, we conducted the cyclic voltammetry of paracetamol to calculate the values of these parameters using different methods and present a comparative analysis. Our results demonstrate that the Ep − Ep/2 equation for α and the modified Randles–Ševčík equation for D0 is particularly effective for the calculations of these two parameters. The Kochi and Gileadi methods are reliable alternatives for the calculation of k0. Nicholson and Shain’s method using the equation k0 = Ψ(πnD0Fν/RT)1/2 gives the overestimated values of k0. However, the value of k0 calculated using the plot of ν−1/2 versus Ψ (from the Nicholson and Shain equation, where ν is scan rate) agrees well with the values calculated from the Kochi and Gilaedi methods. This study not only identifies optimal methodologies for quasi-reversible reactions but also contributes to a deeper understanding of electrochemical reactions involving complex electron transfer and coupled chemical reactions, which can be broadly applicable in various electrochemical studies.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Micromolar Levofloxacin Sensor by Incorporating Highly Crystalline Co3O4 into a Carbon Paste Electrode Structure 将高结晶 Co3O4 加入碳浆电极结构的微摩尔左氧氟沙星传感器

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5010003

Tijana Mutić, D. Stanković, D. Manojlović, Djordje Petrić, Ferenc Pastor, V. Avdin, M. Ognjanović, V. Stanković

{"title":"Micromolar Levofloxacin Sensor by Incorporating Highly Crystalline Co3O4 into a Carbon Paste Electrode Structure","authors":"Tijana Mutić, D. Stanković, D. Manojlović, Djordje Petrić, Ferenc Pastor, V. Avdin, M. Ognjanović, V. Stanković","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5010003","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we successfully prepared a modified cobalt oxide (Co3O4) carbon paste electrode to detect Levofloxacin (LEV). By synthesizing Co3O4 nanoparticles through the chemical coprecipitation method, the electrochemical properties of the electrode and LEV were thoroughly investigated using CV, SWV, and EIS, while material properties were scrutinized using ICP-OES, TEM, SEM, and XRD. The results showed that the prepared electrode displayed a better electrocatalytic response than the bare carbon paste electrode. After optimizing SWV, the electrode exhibited a wide linear working range from 1 to 85 μM at pH 5 of BRBS as the supporting electrolyte. The selectivity of the proposed method was satisfactory, with good repeatability and reproducibility, strongly suggesting a potential application for determining LEV in real samples, particularly in pharmaceutical formulations. The practicality of the approach was demonstrated through good recoveries, and the morphology of the materials was found to be closely related to other parameters, indicating that the developed method can provide a cost-effective, rapid, selective, and sensitive means for LEV monitoring. Overall, this project has made significant progress towards developing a reliable method for detecting LEV and has opened up new opportunities for future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139603746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence for Electrochemical Prediction and Optimization of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells Fueled with Biochar 用人工智能预测和优化以生物炭为燃料的直接碳燃料电池的电化学过程

Electrochem Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5010002

Adam Cherni, K. Halouani

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence for Electrochemical Prediction and Optimization of Direct Carbon Fuel Cells Fueled with Biochar","authors":"Adam Cherni, K. Halouani","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5010002","url":null,"abstract":"At present, direct carbon fuel cells constitute an emerging energy technology that electrochemically converts solid carbon to electricity with high efficiency. The recent trend of DCFCs fueled with biochar from biomass carbonization as green fuel has reinforced the environmental benefits of DCFCs as a clean and sustainable technology. However, there remain new challenges related to some complex unknown kinetic parameters, X=(αa,αc,σg,i0,a,i0,c,ilO2,ilCO2,c,ilCO2,a,ilCO), of the electrochemical conversion of biochar in DCFCs and there is a need for intelligent techniques for prediction and optimization, refering to the available experimental data. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm, which ranked as one of the top performers in optimization competitions with competitive accuracy and convergence speed, was used here for providing the optimized values of these parameters by minimizing the root mean squared errors (RMSE). The proposed technique was then applied to DCFCs fueled by activated pure carbon (APC) using CO2 and CO/CO2 electrochemical models with RMSE around 10−2 and 10−3, respectively. Then, the CO/CO2 model was applied to a DCFC fueled with almond shell biochar (ASB), which displayed a slight increase in RMSE (of the order of 10−2) due to the complex porous structure of ASB and the content of additional chemical elements that affect the electrochemistry of the DCFC and are not considered in the model.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of the Safe Variation Limits for the Optimization of the Measurements in Low-Cost Electrochemical Air Quality Sensors 为优化低成本电化学空气质量传感器的测量而确定安全变化限值

Electrochem Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.3390/electrochem5010001

I. Christakis, Elena Sarri, O. Tsakiridis, Ilias Stavrakas

{"title":"Identification of the Safe Variation Limits for the Optimization of the Measurements in Low-Cost Electrochemical Air Quality Sensors","authors":"I. Christakis, Elena Sarri, O. Tsakiridis, Ilias Stavrakas","doi":"10.3390/electrochem5010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electrochem5010001","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the study of air quality has become an increasingly prominent field of research, particularly in large urban centers, given its significant impact on human health. In many countries, government departments and research centers use official high-cost scientific instruments to monitor air quality in their regions. Meanwhile, concerned citizens interested in studying the air quality of their local areas often employ low-cost air quality sensors for monitoring purposes. The optimization and evaluation of low-cost sensors have been a field of research by many research groups. This paper presents an extensive study to identify the safe percentage change limits that low-cost electrochemical air quality sensors can have, in order to optimize their measurements. For this work, three low-cost air quality monitoring stations were used, which include an electrochemical sensor for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (Alphasense NO2-B43F) and an electrochemical sensor for ozone (O3) (Alphasense OX-B431). The aim of this work is to explore the variance of the aforementioned sensors and how this variability can be used to optimize the measurements of low-cost electrochemical sensors, closer to real ones. The analysis is conducted by employing diagrams, boxplot and violin curves of the groups of sensors used, with satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":11612,"journal":{"name":"Electrochem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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