Brian R. Amman, Amy J. Schuh, Tara K. Sealy, Immah Conteh, Gloria G. Akurut, Alusine H. Koroma, Kilama Kamugisha, James C. Graziano, Emmanuel Saidu, Doris F. Bangura, Emmanuel S. Kamanda, Ibrahim A. Bakarr, Jonathan Johnny, Eric M. Enyel, Jonathan A. Musa, Augustus Osborne, Ibrahim K. Foday, Camilla Bangura, Christian Sumaila, Samuel M.T. Williams, George M. Fefegula, Patrick Atimnedi, Aiah Lebbie, Jonathan S. Towner
{"title":"Co-Infections with Orthomarburgviruses, Paramyxoviruses, and Orthonairoviruses in Egyptian Rousette Bats, Uganda and Sierra Leone","authors":"Brian R. Amman, Amy J. Schuh, Tara K. Sealy, Immah Conteh, Gloria G. Akurut, Alusine H. Koroma, Kilama Kamugisha, James C. Graziano, Emmanuel Saidu, Doris F. Bangura, Emmanuel S. Kamanda, Ibrahim A. Bakarr, Jonathan Johnny, Eric M. Enyel, Jonathan A. Musa, Augustus Osborne, Ibrahim K. Foday, Camilla Bangura, Christian Sumaila, Samuel M.T. Williams, George M. Fefegula, Patrick Atimnedi, Aiah Lebbie, Jonathan S. Towner","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241669","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report 1.3% (19/1,511) of Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs) in Uganda and Sierra Leone were co-infected with different combinations of Marburg, Sosuga, Kasokero, or Yogue viruses. To prevent infection by those viruses, we recommend avoiding ERB-populated areas, avoiding ERBs and ERB-contaminated objects, and thoroughly washing harvested fruits before consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joaquina María García-Martín, Julio David Soto López, Diego Lizana-Ciudad, Pedro Fernández-Soto, Antonio Muro
{"title":"Molecular Detection of Histoplasma in Bat-Inhabited Tunnels of Camino de Hierro Tourist Route, Spain","authors":"Joaquina María García-Martín, Julio David Soto López, Diego Lizana-Ciudad, Pedro Fernández-Soto, Antonio Muro","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We detected <em>Histoplasma capsulatum</em> in 2 bat-inhabited tunnels of a tourist route in northern Spain. This finding confirms that the geographic distribution of this fungal pathogen is wider than previously thought. Our results highlights the need for surveillance and assessment of the potential infection risk for workers and visitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Outbreak in Endangered Cranes, Izumi Plain, Japan, 2022–23","authors":"Mana Esaki, Kosuke Okuya, Kaori Tokorozaki, Yuko Haraguchi, Taichi Hasegawa, Makoto Ozawa","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241410","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the 2022–23 winter season, >1,500 endangered cranes, including hooded crane (<em>Grus monacha</em>) and white-naped crane (<em>Grus vipio</em>), were found debilitated or dead in the Izumi Plain, Japan. Most of the cranes, particularly those collected in November, were infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses; virus shedding was higher from the trachea than from the cloaca. The isolation rate from the cranes’ roost water was not markedly higher than that of previous seasons, suggesting that the viruses might be more effectively transmitted among cranes via the respiratory route than through feces. Most wild bird–derived H5N1 isolates were phylogenetically distinct from viruses isolated on nearby chicken farms, indicating limited relationship between the wild bird and chicken isolates. Serologic analyses suggested that herd immunity had little effect on outbreak subsidence. This study deepens our understanding of the circumstances surrounding the unexpected HPAI outbreaks among these endangered cranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simone Villa, Manuel Maffeo, Mauro Maistrello, Giorgio Bagarella, Vincenzo Navobi Porrello, Federica Morani, Francesco Scovenna, Fausto Baldanti, Paolo Bonfanti, Elena Pariani, Andrea Gori, Luigi Vezzosi, Gabriele Del Castillo, Sabrina Buoro, Danilo Cereda
{"title":"Increased Pneumonia-Related Emergency Department Visits, Northern Italy","authors":"Simone Villa, Manuel Maffeo, Mauro Maistrello, Giorgio Bagarella, Vincenzo Navobi Porrello, Federica Morani, Francesco Scovenna, Fausto Baldanti, Paolo Bonfanti, Elena Pariani, Andrea Gori, Luigi Vezzosi, Gabriele Del Castillo, Sabrina Buoro, Danilo Cereda","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An increase in pneumonia-related emergency department visits was observed in Lombardy, northern Italy, during June–October 2024. Viral causes appear insufficient to explain the increase, suggesting a bacterial cause. <em>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</em> and <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> emerged as possible causes when other surveillance systems were consulted, but the reasons behind this trend remain unknown. </p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie Ngai, Egmond Samir Evers, Angela Katherine Lao Seoane, George Ameh, Julienne N. Anoko, Céline Barnadas, Mary J. Choi, Janet Diaz, Luca Fontana, Pierre Formenty, Ingrid Hammermeister Nezu, Frédérique Jacquerioz, John Klena, Henry Laurenson-Schafer, Olivier le Polain de Waroux, Anaïs Legand, Raquel Medialdea Carrera, Tatiana Metcalf, Joel Montgomery, Silvia Morreale, María E. Negrón, Justino Obama Nvé, Mitoha Ondo’o Ayekaba, Boris I. Pavlin, Trevor Shoemaker, Yaimara Torres Hernandez, Mabel Varona Venta, Emily Z. Gutierrez, Florentino Abaga Ondo Ndoho
{"title":"Outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease, Equatorial Guinea, 2023","authors":"Stephanie Ngai, Egmond Samir Evers, Angela Katherine Lao Seoane, George Ameh, Julienne N. Anoko, Céline Barnadas, Mary J. Choi, Janet Diaz, Luca Fontana, Pierre Formenty, Ingrid Hammermeister Nezu, Frédérique Jacquerioz, John Klena, Henry Laurenson-Schafer, Olivier le Polain de Waroux, Anaïs Legand, Raquel Medialdea Carrera, Tatiana Metcalf, Joel Montgomery, Silvia Morreale, María E. Negrón, Justino Obama Nvé, Mitoha Ondo’o Ayekaba, Boris I. Pavlin, Trevor Shoemaker, Yaimara Torres Hernandez, Mabel Varona Venta, Emily Z. Gutierrez, Florentino Abaga Ondo Ndoho","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241749","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In February 2023, the government of Equatorial Guinea declared an outbreak of Marburg virus disease. We describe the response structure and epidemiologic characteristics, including case-patient demographics, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and the serial interval and timing of symptom onset, treatment seeking, and recovery or death. We identified 16 laboratory-confirmed and 23 probable cases of Marburg virus disease in 5 districts and noted several unlinked chains of transmission and a case-fatality ratio of 90% (35/39 cases). Transmission was concentrated in family clusters and healthcare settings. The median serial interval was 18.5 days; most transmission occurred during late-stage disease. Rapid isolation of symptomatic case-patients is critical in preventing transmission and improving patient outcomes; community engagement and surveillance strengthening should be prioritized in emerging outbreaks. Further analysis of this outbreak and a One Health surveillance approach can help prevent and prepare for future potential spillover events.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus with Reduced Susceptibility to Baloxavir, Japan, 2024","authors":"Emi Takashita, Hiroko Morita, Shiho Nagata, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Hideka Miura, Tatsuya Ikeda, Kenichi Komabayashi, Mika Sasaki, Yohei Matoba, Tomoko Takahashi, Naomi Ogawa, Katsumi Mizuta, Sueshi Ito, Noriko Kishida, Kazuya Nakamura, Masayuki Shirakura, Shinji Watanabe, Hideki Hasegawa","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus carrying an I38N substitution was detected in an untreated teenager in Japan. The I38N mutant virus exhibited reduced susceptibility to baloxavir but remained susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and showed reduced growth capability. Monitoring antiviral drug susceptibility of influenza viruses is necessary to aid public health planning and clinical recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles Y. Chiu, Venice Servellita, Mikael de Lorenzi-Tognon, Patrick Benoit, Nanami Sumimoto, Abiodun Foresythe, Filipe M. Cerqueira, Natalie Williams-Bouyer, Ping Ren, Lauren Nicholas S. Herrera, David C. Gaston, Leanna Sayyad, Shannon L. Whitmer, John Klena, Holenarasipur R. Vikram, Jeremy A.W. Gold, Lalitha Gade, Lindsay Parnell, Elizabeth Misas, Tom M. Chiller, Isabel S. Griffin, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Dallas J. Smith, Anastasia P. Litvintseva, Nancy A. Chow
{"title":"Metagenomic Identification of Fusarium solani Strain as Cause of US Fungal Meningitis Outbreak Associated with Surgical Procedures in Mexico, 2023","authors":"Charles Y. Chiu, Venice Servellita, Mikael de Lorenzi-Tognon, Patrick Benoit, Nanami Sumimoto, Abiodun Foresythe, Filipe M. Cerqueira, Natalie Williams-Bouyer, Ping Ren, Lauren Nicholas S. Herrera, David C. Gaston, Leanna Sayyad, Shannon L. Whitmer, John Klena, Holenarasipur R. Vikram, Jeremy A.W. Gold, Lalitha Gade, Lindsay Parnell, Elizabeth Misas, Tom M. Chiller, Isabel S. Griffin, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Dallas J. Smith, Anastasia P. Litvintseva, Nancy A. Chow","doi":"10.3201/eid3105.241657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3105.241657","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to investigate an outbreak of <em>Fusarium solani</em> meningitis in US patients who had surgical procedures under spinal anesthesia in Matamoros, Mexico, during 2023. Using a novel method called metaMELT (metagenomic multiple extended locus typing), we performed phylogenetic analysis of concatenated mNGS reads from 4 patients (P1–P4) in parallel with reads from 28 fungal reference genomes. Fungal strains from the 4 patients were most closely related to each other and to 2 cultured isolates from P1 and an additional case (P5), suggesting that all cases arose from a point source exposure. Our findings support epidemiologic data implicating a contaminated drug or device used for epidural anesthesia as the likely cause of the outbreak. In addition, our findings show that the benefits of mNGS extend beyond diagnosis of infections to public health outbreak investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathryn M. Lau, Michaela Banks, Kaila Bryant, Joanie D. Lambert, Laura Marcela Torres, Stephanie M. Lunn, Cory Yun, Pavitra Roychoudhury, B. Ethan Nunley, Jaydee Sereewit, Alexander L. Greninger, Allison Black, Vance Kawakami, Sargis Pogosjans, Elysia Gonzales, Eric J. Chow
{"title":"Real-Time Use of Mpox Genomic Surveillance, King County, Washington, USA, 2022–2024","authors":"Kathryn M. Lau, Michaela Banks, Kaila Bryant, Joanie D. Lambert, Laura Marcela Torres, Stephanie M. Lunn, Cory Yun, Pavitra Roychoudhury, B. Ethan Nunley, Jaydee Sereewit, Alexander L. Greninger, Allison Black, Vance Kawakami, Sargis Pogosjans, Elysia Gonzales, Eric J. Chow","doi":"10.3201/eid3113.241242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3113.241242","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A piloted approach to mpox genomic surveillance began in King County, Washington, USA, during the 2022 outbreak. Genomic surveillance proved critical in determining likely international exposure of a case where no known exposures could be identified by interview, illustrating the value of genomics in case investigation and public health practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philippe Noriel Q Pascua, Anton Chesnokov, Ha T Nguyen, Han Di, Juan De La Cruz, Yunho Jang, Andrei A Ivashchenko, Alexandre V Ivachtchenko, Erik A Karlsson, Borann Sar, Chin Savuth, Timothy M Uyeki, Charles Todd Davis, Larisa V Gubareva
{"title":"Antiviral Susceptibility of Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b Viruses from Humans, 2023-2024.","authors":"Philippe Noriel Q Pascua, Anton Chesnokov, Ha T Nguyen, Han Di, Juan De La Cruz, Yunho Jang, Andrei A Ivashchenko, Alexandre V Ivachtchenko, Erik A Karlsson, Borann Sar, Chin Savuth, Timothy M Uyeki, Charles Todd Davis, Larisa V Gubareva","doi":"10.3201/eid3104.241820","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3104.241820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During 2023-2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from clade 2.3.2.1c caused human infections in Cambodia and from clade 2.3.4.4b caused human infections in the Americas. We assessed the susceptibility of those viruses to approved and investigational antiviral drugs. Except for 2 viruses isolated from Cambodia, all viruses were susceptible to M2 ion channel-blockers in cell culture-based assays. In the neuraminidase inhibition assay, all viruses displayed susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral drugs oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir, and AV5080. Oseltamivir was ≈4-fold less potent at inhibiting the neuraminidase activity of clade 2.3.4.4b than clade 2.3.2.1c viruses. All viruses were susceptible to polymerase inhibitors baloxavir and tivoxavir and to polymerase basic 2 inhibitor pimodivir with 50% effective concentrations in low nanomolar ranges. Because drug-resistant viruses can emerge spontaneously or by reassortment, close monitoring of antiviral susceptibility of H5N1 viruses collected from animals and humans by using sequence-based analysis supplemented with phenotypic testing is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 4","pages":"751-760"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Z Levine, Feng Liu, Natasha Bagdasarian, Crystal Holiday, Stacie Jefferson, Zhu-Nan Li, Claudia Pappas, Terrence Tumpey, Timothy M Uyeki, Alexandra M Mellis, Krista Kniss, Joseph Coyle, Seth Eckel, Jeremy Kuo, Meghan Weinberg, Sarah Lyon-Callo, Lisa Mikesell, Becky Stoddard, Jennifer Morse
{"title":"Neutralizing Antibody Response to Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Dairy Farm Workers, Michigan, USA.","authors":"Min Z Levine, Feng Liu, Natasha Bagdasarian, Crystal Holiday, Stacie Jefferson, Zhu-Nan Li, Claudia Pappas, Terrence Tumpey, Timothy M Uyeki, Alexandra M Mellis, Krista Kniss, Joseph Coyle, Seth Eckel, Jeremy Kuo, Meghan Weinberg, Sarah Lyon-Callo, Lisa Mikesell, Becky Stoddard, Jennifer Morse","doi":"10.3201/eid3104.250007","DOIUrl":"10.3201/eid3104.250007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused outbreaks in dairy cattle and poultry in the United States, and they continue to spill over into humans. However, data on human immune response to those viruses is limited. We report neutralizing antibody responses in 2 dairy farm worker H5N1 cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11595,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases","volume":"31 4","pages":"876-878"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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