Engineering Fracture Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"Numerical simulation of proppant transport in dynamic fracture networks using Eulerian-Eulerian method","authors":"Changxin Yang ,&nbsp;Cheng Ma ,&nbsp;Zhaozhong Yang ,&nbsp;Hehua Wang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Qu ,&nbsp;Liangping Yi ,&nbsp;Duo Yi ,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing is largely determined by the fracture propagation and proppant transport, while the numerical simulation of proppant transport in dynamic hydraulic fracture (HF) is a critical yet challenging computational problem. Based on the displacement discontinuity method (DDM) and finite volume method (FVM), an integrated hydraulic fracturing simulator is established by coupling a non-planer three-dimensional fracture propagation model with a Eulerian-Eulerian proppant transport model. The embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) is adopted to describe the fluid flow between fracture and matrix. The fluid–solid coupling equations for fracture deformation and fluid flow are derived, and the one-way coupling strategy is employed to model the proppant transport in dynamic fracture networks. To avoid the problem of numerical oscillations, the high-order spatial and temporal discretization schemes are introduced. The fracture propagation and proppant transport models are validated by analytical solutions and published numerical results. Compared with the low-order discretization strategy, a more precise prediction of proppant distribution in dynamic HF can be obtained with high-order discretization schemes. Based on the established model, the parametric sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the intricate interaction between proppant transport and complex fracture propagation. The results show that the accumulation and bridging of proppant can promote the full opening of natural fracture (NF) during hydraulic fracturing. Increasing the proppant particle size and decreasing the injection rate, despite being detrimental to proppant transport efficiency, are instrumental in the formation of a stable temporary plugging zone. Moreover, the characteristics of fluid pressure reflect the formation process of temporary plugging zones and the propagation patterns of HF. A higher fracture propagation pressure signifies the successful establishment of the temporary plugging zone, which facilitates the creation of complex fracture networks during hydraulic fracturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced toughening in biocomposites by pinning and bridging effects","authors":"Ji-Tong Wu,&nbsp;Gan-Yun Huang,&nbsp;Liao-Liang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excellent mechanical properties of ‘brick-and-mortar’ structure biological materials such as shells, bones, horns have attracted a plenty of theoretical and numerical works to reveal the toughening mechanisms involved. In this work, a mechanical model has been established by taking into account the effects of both bridging and pinning under plane strain deformation. The toughening ratio has been calculated and compared with that with mere bridging effect, which demonstrates that pinning effect makes an enhanced contribution to the toughness of biocomposites. The effect of interfacial shear strength on pinning effect has also been discussed. The obtained results are expected to provide more insights into the toughening mechanisms and the bionic toughening designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111274"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the mixed mode I-II fracture characteristics of dynamic ice","authors":"Fengfei He ,&nbsp;Xian Yi ,&nbsp;Xingshi Gu ,&nbsp;Binrui Wu ,&nbsp;Mao Zhou ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Yongjie Huang ,&nbsp;Shiming Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fracture and shedding of dynamic ice during flight is the main factor threatening flight safety. Clarifying the fracture mechanism of dynamic ice is of great significance for guiding the practice of aircraft icing protection engineering. Based on the linear elastic fracture theory, this paper combined icing wind tunnel tests with central cracked Brazilian disc (CCBD) tests to carry out the pure mode I, pure mode II and mixed mode I-II fracture tests of dynamic ice at different icing ambient temperatures <em>T</em>. The displacement and strain field evolution on the specimen surface during loading was monitored by digital image correlation (DIC) method, and the test results were more deeply understood from a theoretical perspective. Finally, combining the micro-characteristics of dynamic ice such as its pore structure and crystal structure, the connection between the macroscopic fracture mechanical properties and the microscopic scale was discussed, revealing the fracture mechanism of dynamic ice. The research results show that within the temperature range of −5 ℃ to −15 ℃, the pure mode I fracture toughness of the dynamic ice is in the range of 81.181–129.675 KPa·m^0.5, while the pure mode II fracture toughness is in the range of 110.802–189.565 KPa·m^0.5. Under various loading modes, as the <em>T</em> decreases from −5 °C to −15 °C, both the failure load and fracture toughness of dynamic ice exhibit a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with the maximum values observed at −10 °C. It can be concluded that the decrease in failure load and fracture toughness of dynamic ice at −12.5 ℃ and −15 ℃ is mainly affected by internal pore defects, while the weakening of failure load and fracture toughness at −5 ℃ and −7.5 ℃ may be due to the combined action of the grain boundary weakening effect and the micro-interfaces formed during the freezing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111272"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-high cycle fatigue life prediction of titanium alloy with small sample size based on the PSO-BP model","authors":"Lijia Li ,&nbsp;Rensong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiucheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Farouk Mohammad Omar","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of the ultra-high cycle fatigue (UHCF) life of titanium alloys is essential for the design of safe and reliable aero-engine critical components. Few machine learning models have been utilized in ultra-high cycle fatigue prediction because the methods have limitations in dealing with data sparsity and overfitting issues. The current work aims to overcome the sparsity of the UHCF experimental data and to propose a simple and non-redundant ML prediction model. The size of the dataset is extended by the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), and an improved ML method is presented to analyze the synergistic effects of elastic modulus, tensile strength, yield strength, specimen size, and stress amplitude on titanium alloy. Compared with traditional machine learning methods, the model predicts fatigue life with significantly improved accuracy and stability. With sufficiently large amounts of data, the model achieves higher accuracy (<em>R</em>² = 89.9 %) and smaller prediction fluctuations (<em>S</em>_<em>e</em> = 0.0494), which is 4.93 % higher and 4.63 % lower, respectively, compared with the BP neural network that is much better in prediction. This study has important application value for the prediction of ultra-high cycle fatigue life of titanium alloy materials in aeronautical engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111271"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on low-velocity impact resistance of double-layer M-shaped GFRP foldcore sandwich structure","authors":"Yunfei Deng,&nbsp;Xiangjie Li,&nbsp;Jing Hu,&nbsp;Yimei Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the double-layer M-shaped GFRP foldcore sandwich structure was prepared by the hot pressing method. Subsequently, low-velocity impact experiments were carried out on the node and base positions of the structure using two different shapes of impactors. The experimental results show a difference in the dynamic response of the two positions after impact. At the node position, the upper foldcore has a higher capacity to resist the impact load. While at the base position, the impact load is mainly carried by the lower foldcore. The difference in energy absorption between the two impact positions is small when the sandwich structure is penetrated. The research results of this paper provide a reference for reducing the difference in impact resistance between the node position and the base position.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical and experimental study on the fracture and detachment of ice under electro-impulse load","authors":"Xianlei Guan ,&nbsp;Xian Yi ,&nbsp;Qinglin Liu ,&nbsp;Ningli Chen ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyzing the fracture and detachment of ice under electro-impulse loads is of great significance for optimizing the load in electro-impulse de-icing (EIDI) systems. A bond-based peridynamics (BB PD) model of ice-aluminum plate is established to investigate the fracture behaviors of ice under different loads. Both ice and aluminum plate were discretized into uniformly distributed particles, and short-range repulsive forces were introduced to prevent particle penetration. A critical relationship between the interface bond stretch and the ice bond stretch are established through an interface adhesive strength constant. Experiments based on an in-house EIDI system were performed to observe de-icing process. A high-speed camera (50000fps) is used to capture the generation and propagation of ice cracks. Additionally, the ratio of ice detachment area is obtained by observing the brightness variation through the color of the ice bottom surface. Experimental results serve as the basis for selecting appropriate values for interface adhesive strength constants and critical bond stretch of ice bonds, which are then applied to numerical simulations. Mechanisms of generation and propagation of initial crack, radial crack and circumferential crack are discussed. Through both simulation and experiments, it is discovered that radial cracks followed by circumferential cracks appears centered at the location of impulse load. Ice detachment occurred along the radial cracks and extended toward the center of the ice fragment. When the load is sufficiently small, detachment still emerges even without crack generation. The results demonstrate that similar ice fracture and detachment process with respect to experiments can be predicted by the peridynamic model, which could serve as a new efficient method for the design and analysis of EIDI systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase field modelling of interlaminar failure in composites using Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory","authors":"Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Hu ,&nbsp;Qilin Jin ,&nbsp;Weian Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Delamination in fiber-reinforced composites has been a subject of extensive research since many years ago, and the interlaminar failure analysis of composite laminates employing the phase field method often encounters challenges in the flexibility to handle complex multilayer structures. This leads to exceptionally high computational costs, particularly in large-scale problems. To address this, a new phase field method is proposed in this paper that, through the introduction of Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation theory into the phase field model, facilitates efficient fracture analysis by reducing three-dimensional problems into two dimensions. This innovation considerably enhances computational efficiency while retaining an engineering-acceptable level of accuracy, as illustrated by three examples. The proposed phase field method promises to be of tremendous generic use and provides a scalable and efficient alternative to the analysis of inter-laminar failure of composite laminates based on the phase field method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creep deformation and continuous damage mechanics parameters prediction based on a meta-learning framework","authors":"Song Wu ,&nbsp;Yawei Ding ,&nbsp;Dongxu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing operational temperatures in aerospace applications present significant challenges in predicting the long-term creep behavior of high-temperature alloys. Accurate prediction of creep deformation is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of engine components. This study proposes a novel continuous damage mechanics (CDM) parameter prediction framework for accurately predicting the long-term creep deformation of superalloys. The framework combines a fully connected neural network (FCNN) and a long short-term memory network (LSTM) to predict long-term creep performance by learning from short-term creep data. The key innovations of this research include the development of a <em>meta</em>-learning framework based on FCNN weight parameter evolution, the proposal of a hybrid loss function that combines mean square error (MSE) and total variation (TV) regularization, and the verification of the method’s effectiveness through multiple case studies. The experimental results show that the framework can accurately predict the creep deformation of various high-temperature alloys at different temperatures and stresses based on short-term creep data. The method can extrapolate the creep deformation to 2–5 times the short-term creep data, and compared with the traditional Larson-Miller method, it can control the life prediction error within ± 10 %, which shows excellent prediction performance. At the same time, it can be fitted to obtain the creep curve under the corresponding conditions, and the fitting accuracy is within 10 % of the time error.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D multifractal analysis of explosion-induced fractures in bedding shale using μ-CT imaging","authors":"Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhai ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Yong Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Tang ,&nbsp;Jiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Hexiang Xu ,&nbsp;Ting Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111268","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To systematically evaluate the spatial anisotropy of fracture propagation in bedding shales under different explosive loads, this study conducted 6 groups of explosion experiments on bedding shales with central drilling. CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mixed gas with varying initial pressure (P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, 0.3–2.1 MPa) was used to generate explosive loads at different energy levels. The explosive loads of the combustible gases were quantitatively assessed using the TNT equivalence method. μ-CT images of explosion-induced fractures were acquired to reconstruct the 3D fracture morphology. A multifractal calculation algorithm for fractures was developed to perform spatial heterogeneity evaluation of both binary fracture images and 3D fracture data. To thoroughly investigate the influence of spatial location on 3D fracture propagation, 32 representative elementary volumes (REVs) were extracted under different explosive loads and positions. 3D multifractal analysis was used to quantify the complexity of fractures across various heterogeneities. In addition, the fracture characteristics and absolute permeability of the REVs were subjected to statistical analysis. The results show that varying &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; of the CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mixed gas generate explosive loads with TNT equivalence factors ranging from 1.352 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; to 8.072 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. As the explosive load increases, the fracture morphology transitions from a bi-wing fracture to multi-radial fractures. The multifractal analysis of the 3D fractures reveals that the generalized dimension spectrum (&lt;em&gt;D&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;q&lt;/em&gt;)-&lt;em&gt;q&lt;/em&gt; spectrum) displays an inverse S-shaped monotonic decrease, while the multifractal singularity spectrum (&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;) spectrum) exhibits a left-hook shape. These features suggest that explosion-generated fractures in dense areas have smaller heterogeneity and dominate over sparser fracture regions. The fractal dimension of the binary fracture images first increases and then decreases with the slice number. The multifractal results also show that the complexity of fractures in different fracture density increases first and then decreases with the slice number. The statistical results of the fracture characteristic parameters for the 32 REVs indicate that the 3D volume and surface area increase with the explosive load. Under the same explosive load, fracture complexity is highest at the bottom of the wellbore. The multifractal analysis reveals that the more complex the 3D fracture morphology, the more the &lt;em&gt;D&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;q&lt;/em&gt;)-&lt;em&gt;q&lt;/em&gt; spectrums shift upwards, and the &lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;-&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;α&lt;/em&gt;) spectrum shift upwards and to the right. Permeability first increases and then decreases with explosive load, with the highest permeability observed at the center and bottom of the wellbore. Correlation analysis reveals relationships between fracture characteristic parameters and the &lt;em&gt;D&lt;/em&gt;(&lt;em&gt;q&lt;/em&gt;)-&lt;em&gt;q","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristic width assignment method for anisotropy-interface phase field model: Proposed and validation","authors":"Chengbei He ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Xu ,&nbsp;Jianxin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.engfracmech.2025.111265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the complex mechanical behavior of interface debonding in anisotropic materials by proposing a novel phase field model that integrates cohesive zone model with anisotropy theory. The core innovation lies in developing a characteristic width allocation strategy based on interface softening laws. By establishing a functional relationship between characteristic width and interfacial mechanical strength, this model overcomes the limitations of characteristic width selection in conventional phase field methods, enabling precise characterization of interfacial mechanical properties. Experimental validation demonstrates that the phase field simulation results using the proposed characteristic width optimization criteria exhibit excellent agreement with bimaterial plate tensile experiments. In single circular reinforced concrete tensile simulations, the model achieves results consistent with theoretical solutions (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>α</mi><mrow><mi>kink</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>68.8829</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>) and exceeds the accuracy of the extended finite element method by approximately <span><math><mrow><mn>4.3</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span>. The numerical predictions of mechanical behavior in anisotropic multiphase materials align with physical expectations. This approach elucidates interface damage evolution mechanisms under varying softening laws and matrix anisotropy characteristics, providing a high-precision computational framework for interfacial failure analysis in anisotropic multiphase materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11576,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Fracture Mechanics","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 111265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}