Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotics, pesticides, and heavy metals contaminants of honey as affected by antibiotics usage and agricultural practices in different Egyptian environments","authors":"Shereen Saad, Mohamed Fatthalla, Hend Abd-Ellah, El sayed Hagag, Sherif M. Taha, Ali Mahrous, Mohamed A. Shahba","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_5_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_5_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Environmental pollutants and global climate changes have a negative health effect on honeybees, and increase honey contamination.The aim of this study was to test the effect of antibiotic usage and agricultural practices on the presence of a total of 461 pesticides, 30 antibiotics, and five elements traces in honey samples collected from Egyptian apiaries of different environmental conditions representing intensive, and limited agriculture production regions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pesticides and antibiotic residues in honey were detected at trace levels using tandem mass spectrometry techniques Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS).\u0000 Antibiotics were detected using only Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry LC-MS/MS. The quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (QICP-MS) was applied for the trace element analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Amitraz and acetamiprid were more frequent. The highest concentration of amitraz (0.022 mg/kg) was found in samples obtained from apiaries in the north delta. Iron and zinc were the highest frequently detected elements in all the collected honey samples. Also, Cu was less frequently detected elements in honey samples with percent values of 7%. Cd and Pb were found in honey samples from apiaries in the south delta of Egypt at 20%, and 27%, respectively. Most of the collected samples were contaminated with antibiotics. A direct relation between agriculture production and uncontrolled antibiotics applications on a beehive was concluded due to the increased diseases of bees in the regions of intensive agriculture production. Only two pesticides were detected along with low concentrations of toxic elements in too low levels to exceed their ‘European Union Maximum Residue Limit’ EU MRL.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different oil extraction techniques for Moringa Peregrina seed on its meal content of glucosinolates","authors":"Hisham A. Abd El-lateaf, Henriette Uthe","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_332_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_332_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Moringa peregrina (M.P) is a multipurpose promising tree that grows widely in Asia and Africa’s tropical and subtropical regions. It is generally rich in nutrients especially oil which can be used for edible or nonedible purposes and also rich in protein. However, some anti-nutritional substances, namely glucosinolates (GSLs), remain in M.P meal preventing its utilization in animal or human feeding. These substances though good for the plant to defend against herbivores, cause deleterious effects or are even toxic to animals and humans. GSLs are the most important anti-nutritional substances in M.P seed and meal.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Accordingly, this investigation aims to use different techniques for oil extraction from M.P seed and their effect on the GSLs content of the meal remaining after oil extraction, then the meal is detoxified to be suitable for using in animal or human feeding.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, M.P meal was obtained as a by-product left over after oil extraction from moringa seed by different extraction procedures including (hydraulic press, screw pressing, extraction by solvent via Soxhlet, and prepress − solvent extraction at room temperature).The sinalbin, moringin, and total GSLs were determined and identified by HPLC. Detoxification of GSLs was then applied for M.P meal remaining after oil extraction by hexane, using soaking in water followed by a water-washing treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results indicated that sinalbin and moringin are the major dominant GSLs in M.P seed and meal. Moreover, the total GSLs content in the meal that remained after all different oil extraction techniques was significantly higher when compared with their content in the seed. Also, the results showed that there was a significant decrease in the level of total GSLs in M.P meal as a result of the water treatment. It decreased from 941.8±34.14 nmol/mg in defatted meal before water treatment to 23.97±18.31 nmol/mg in residues left after treatment with water for 15 min. Therefore, soaking in water followed by a water-washing treatment is the simplest and most efficient process to remove the GSLs from M.P meal to be suitable for animal feeding.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141701594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic and antioxidant effects of lactoperoxidase on aflatoxin B1-induced nephrotoxicity in adult male rats","authors":"Abou Elkasem M. Ismail, Salah M. E. Soliman, M. Ashry","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_207_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_207_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a type of mycotoxin, is present in food and feed and is toxic to both people and animals. Histological effects of AFB1 on the rat kidney have not been well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of lactoperoxidase (LPO) against aflatoxin B1-induced nephrotoxicity in a trial to improve its clinical use.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Adult male Wistar rats (150–200 g b.w) were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats each): (1) healthy control group, (2) healthy rats treated IP with LPO (50mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks, (3) rats intoxicated orally with AFB1 (80 µg/ kg/day) for 6 weeks, and (4) Animals treated with LPO for 6 weeks after intoxication with AFB1.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that LPO was successful in reducing aflatoxin B1-induced nephrotoxicity after 6 weeks of treatment. This was demonstrated by the significant decrease in blood urea, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, TNF-α, IL-1β, as well as kidney NO, MDA, and DNA damages matched with a significant increase in CD4 and albumin levels as well as kidney GSH and SOD. Furthermore, the LPO was successful in aflatoxin B1-induced tissue degenerations, reflecting its therapeutic potential. In conclusion, due to their antioxidant and radical scavenging properties, LPO may be as effective in improving nephrons from aflatoxin B1-induced nephrotoxicity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in ameliorating diabetes-induced ovarian damage in albino rats: Histological, biochemical and immunohistochemical studies","authors":"A. Y. Sedeak, M. Abdel-Tawab, Naglaa Adly Abd Elazeem, H. Reyad, Sherif F. Abdel-Fatah, Yasser Khamis, Ahmed Abd-Eltawab Tammam, A. M. El-Ebiary, N. T. Sabra","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_376_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_376_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease causing a variety of complications that can damage most organs, including the gonads. Diabetes was reported to be effectively treated using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The objective of the work was to demonstrate the therapeutic role of stem cells in cases of ovarian damage due to diabetes.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Eighteen adult female albino rats were divided evenly into three groups. The control group received an injection of 1 ml of saline intraperitoneally (i.p.). The streptozotocin (STZ)-treated group: that was given 60 mg/kg per body weight (i.p.) of STZ to induce DM, which was slaughtered after 4 weeks. The STZ+stem cell-treated group that got STZ then was allowed to recover for 4 weeks and then underwent an intravenous injection of one million MSC before being sacrificed. Measurements of blood glucose, serum estradiol (E2), follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were performed. Histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson stain, and immunohistochemical investigation for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were performed on the ovarian sections.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The STZ-induced DM group showed high glucose, FSH, and LH levels and decreased the E2 levels. Also, the inflammation, degeneration, and decreased PCNA immune expression of the ovary development in the STZ-induced DM group were observed. The treatment with the MScs reversed the effect of DM on glucose, FSH, LH, and E2. Additionally, the MScs improved the pathological alterations by increasing PCNA immune expression in the ovary. It was concluded that MSCs can effectively treat diabetes-induced ovarian damage.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black cumin seed oil and its nano-form ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced brain inflammatory injury in mice","authors":"Hager K. Rashwan, Shahenda Mahgoub, Nermeen Z Abuelezz, Ahmed M A Akabawy, Ali M. Nasr, R. Kassab, Hatem K. Amin","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_415_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_415_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Microglia play a regulatory role in central nervous system inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis. Natural remedies like black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa) are rich in bioactive compounds that potentially can modulate inflammatory processes in the brain. In the current work, we studied the protective and anti-inflammatory properties of black cumin seed oil (BCSO) and its nano-form on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity in mice.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Forty-eight mice were divided randomly into eight groups (n=6), three control groups (negative control, BCSO control, nano-BCSO control), LPS group, and four treatment groups [BCSO+LPS, nano-BCSO+LPS, indomethacin (5 mg/kg)+LPS, BCSO+indomethacin(2.5 mg/kg)+LPS]. At the end of the experiment, the brain tissues were removed for histopathological and biochemical assessments. Malondialdehyde and interleukin (IL)-10 were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while the gene expression of IL-6, toll-like receptor-4, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, and B-cell lymphoma-2 were assessed by real-time PCR. IL-1β was quantified immunohistochemically along with the histopathological studies of the cerebral cortex of mice brains.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In our study, BCSO and its nano-form demonstrated a reduction in LPS-induced neurotoxicity, exhibiting comparable or better anti-inflammatory effects to indomethacin. These treatments significantly elevated the gene expression levels of neuroprotective factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in LPS-treated mice. Pretreatment with BCSO and its nano-form reduced the malondialdehyde levels, in addition to gene expressions of cyclooxygenase-2, toll-like receptor-4, IL-6, and B-cell lymphoma-2. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated a decrease in IL-1β with BCSO and the lowering effect of the nano-form was superior. The histopathological studies corroborated with biochemical and molecular findings, suggesting that BCSO and its nano-form attenuated the inflammation and enhanced the microglial antioxidative and anti-inflammatory status. BCSO could enhance the anti-inflammatory activity of indomethacin, so lower doses of indomethacin with BCSO may be suggested for protecting against the adverse effects of high doses of NSAIDs as gastritis. Consequently, BCSO can serve a potential stimulatory supplement of the immunity for neurodegenerative conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141702688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relation between CircRNA0056618 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance through miRNA-206/PTPn-1 pathway","authors":"Marwa Abdelgwad, Maysa H. Rashed, Mona Y. Helmy, Ahmed B. Eldemery, Dina S.A. Fattah","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_296_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_296_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia produced by a defect in insulin synthesis, insulin action, or a combination of the two.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this work was to find out how circular RNA 0056618 (circRNA 0056618) interacts with miRNA-206 to control blood sugar levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as to test the role of PTPN-1 gene expression and protein phosphatase-2 (PP2A), insulin receptor substrate (IRS) protein level in diabetes. Also, whether circRNA 0056618, miRNA-206, PTPN-1, IRS, and PP2A protein could be used as biomarkers for T2DM diagnosis and prognosis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional analytic study was carried out on 110 patients. Participants were divided into two equal groups: patients’ group (T2DM) and control group (normal participants). All participants were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR for assessed RNAs (circRNA 0056618, miRNA-206, and PTPn-1 gene expression), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for IRS, and PP2A protein levels.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 28 was used to code and enter the data. All data will be presented as means and SDs. Correlations between quantitative variables will be done using Pearson correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed with area under the curve (AUC) analysis performed to detect the best cutoff value of significant parameters for detection of cases. P value will be considered significant less than 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant increase in circRNA 0056618 (P<0.001), PTPN-1 gene expression (P=0.002), and PP2A protein levels (P<0.001) and a significant decrease in miRNA-206 gene expression and IRS protein levels in diabetic cases (P<0.001) when compared with normal controls. There was a negative correlation between circRNA 0056618 and miRNA-206 and a positive correlation between circRNA 0056618 and PTPN-1. IRS at 0.840 showed 94.5% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity and AUC 0.905. PP2A at 0.868, sensitivity 96.4% and specificity 81.8%, and AUC 0.919. ROC curve for circRNA 0056618, at 0.882, sensitivity 89.1% and specificity 87.3%, and AUC 0.932, miRNA-206 at 0.785, sensitivity 85.5% and specificity 85.5%, and AUC 0.869. ROC curve for PTPN-1 at 0.556, sensitivity 67.3% and specificity 67.3%, and AUC 0.669.\u0000 We concluded that circRNA 0056618, PTPN-1, PP2A, miRNA-206 and IRS are considered diagnostic, predictive biomarkers in T2DM. Future RNA-based therapy approaches may benefit from an understanding of such new pathways.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141339367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and isolation of anti-cancer compounds from the endophytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum isolated from Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. Ex Willd.) seeds growing in Egypt","authors":"Asmaa A. Amer, Mostafa M. Hegazy, Monira Zhran, Asmaa Elhosainy, N. Safwat, A. El-Hela","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_309_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_309_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The endophytic fungus Penicillium is an important source of natural bioactive products. Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex Willd) (family Polygonaceae) is a widely distributed plant on the Nile River and was reported to have several biological activities, such as antioxidative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to explore the potential activities (cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial) of the endophytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum isolated from Persicaria salicifolia seeds growing in Egypt.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The endophytic fungus Penicillium funiculosum was isolated from the seeds of the Persicaria salicifolia plant. The fungi were grown on Basmati rice as a solid media for the enhancement of pure fungi production. The collected fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate and fractionated using n-hexane and methanol. All fractions were examined for their cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The secondary metabolites were isolated from the active fractions through column chromatography, and the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic technique. Molecular docking analysis was applied to the isolated compounds.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ethyl acetate extract (Pf-2) of P. funiculosum was proved to have a highly potent antioxidant (IC50 37.5±0.70 μg/ml) and cytotoxic effects. It was affected on hepatic cancer (HepG-2), human colon carcinoma (HCT-116), lung carcinoma (A-549), and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells with IC50 values (μg/ml) 4.26±0.2, 6.66±0.9, 9.36±0.3, and 9.41±0.7, respectively. Pf 2 was subjected to fractionation, resulting in four fractions (Pf 2–1 to Pf 2–4). The most potent cytotoxic fraction, Pf 2–2, was further fractionated into six sub-fractions: Pf 2–2 A to Pf 2–2 F. Pf 2–2 A possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity. The ethyl acetate extract (Pf 2) also had antimicrobial activity against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). Four compounds were isolated from Pf 2–2 A and identified by spectroscopic methods: NMR (1H and 13C) and Mass as (1) (9E, 11E, 13Z, 15Z)-tetracosa-9, 11, 13, 15-tetraenoic acid, (2) 3-(1Z, 3E-hexa-1, 3-dienyl)-4b-methyl-tetradecahydrophenanthrene, (3) mannitol, (4) d-Cerebroside A-glucose. It is the first time to report the isolation of compound (2) from the genus Penicillium and compounds (1, 3, and 4) from the species P. funiculosum. Compound 2 was the most potent cytotoxic one. Molecular docking was studied for polar compounds 1, 3, and 4 using the COX-2 enzyme, which indicated that compound 4 was the most potent anti-inflammatory one.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141126770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMP-7, RANKL mRNA expression in the gingival tissue correlates with periodontitis: An in vivo study","authors":"Fazle Khuda, B. Baharin, Nur N. M. Anuar, Putri A. Jayusman, Shaqinah N. Nasruddin","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_147_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_147_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 MMP-7 supports the immune response and can have both beneficial and destructive effects. As part of the innate host defense, MMP-7 is connected to the mucosal antimicrobial defense. Even though research on other Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) is well-established, understanding MMP-7 expression is required to establish an improved diagnostic strategy. This research investigates the mRNA expression of MMP-7 and RANKL by RT-qPCR assay.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated into three groups, no treatment, experimental (7 and 14 days). Periodontitis is induced by sterile wire insertion (0.2 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis inoculation within the gingival sulcus situated between the maxillary right 1st and 2nd molar tooth regions. Following euthanasia, tissue samples from the maxillary gingiva and maxillary jaw were extracted for quantitative real-time PCR assay and histopathological assessment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Results showed that at 7 days, there was significant upregulation of MMP-7, which was downregulated in 14 days, as well as migration of the junctional epithelium, attachment loss, inflammatory cells, and fibroblasts, as observed by histological analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Thus, the study suggests that MMP-7 is associated with the progression of periodontitis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140755574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of metformin on different adipocytokines in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"Naglaa Hamdy, Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar, H. I. Sakr, Mohamed A. Abdelaziz, M. Kandeil, Ayman M. Abdel Aziz, Osama M. Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_150_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_150_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major medical condition that constitutes a significant financial burden on most healthcare systems.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current research aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic effects of 500 mg metformin twice daily for 6 months on various adipocytokines in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The participants in this study were divided into three groups: the control, the untreated diabetic, and the metformin-treated diabetic groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Metformin treatment significantly improved the poor oral glucose tolerance and the lowered serum levels of insulin and C-peptide with subsequent better homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and sensitivity and β-cell function results. Moreover, metformin treatment significantly decreased the elevated serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, high, low, and very low-density lipoproteins, adipokines (visfatin and resistin), and retinol-binding protein-4 expression, with a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides. Metformin also reduced the proinflammatory cytokine expressions (interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and tumor-necrosis factor-α). In conclusion, metformin can alleviate adipocytokines through anti-inflammatory effects, synergizing with its antidiabetic actions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silica nanoparticles improve growth, chemical bioactive, and antioxidant enzyme activity of Dianthus caryophyllus L., plant","authors":"I. El-Sayed, Dina M. Soliman","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_224_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_224_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Nanotechnology has provided innovative use of various materials with unique properties. These substances may react positively in plants, and the induction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity is particularly remarkable. Ornamental plant production is a positive economic activity of great interest, especially Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). This plant is more attractive for its various colors, but the flower quality and its longevity can diminish very fast. Thus, examining methods capable of improving flower quality and vase life is crucial. Additionally, carnation can be used to treat coronary and nervous disorders. Carnation contains compounds that calm the nervous system and minimize swelling and inflammation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This research aimed to evaluate the effect of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) on the growth, bioactive chemical analysis, enzyme activity, and antioxidant accumulation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The different rates of SiO2 NPs (0, 150, and 300 ppm) were used in two ways: foliar spray and soil drench; it was applied 3 times. The first application was after 3 weeks of transplanting and repeated with 21-day intervals.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that foliar application of SiO2 NPs increased all morphological and flowering traits compared with drench and the control, higher levels of photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanin, greater total phenols, total sugars, and total free amino acids were obtained from plants treated with foliar spray 300 ppm followed than 150 ppm. In addition, the greatest levels of enzyme activity were recorded with plants treated with foliar spray of SiO2 NPs at a rate of 300 ppm, as well as improved anatomical structure of the stem and stomata properties compared with the drench method and control. Similarly, SiO2 NPs application method is more critical than their concentration. Therefore, it is recommended that foliar spraying of SiO2 NPs at 300 ppm can enhance plant growth, flowering, bioactive compounds, enzyme activity, and anatomical structure of the stem of carnation plants while adding SiO2 NPs drench at a rate of 150 ppm had rather acceptable findings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}