Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive investigation on female Wistar rats examining the therapeutic potential of Pueraria tuberosa on letrozole-induced Polycystic ovarian syndrome","authors":"Ujjval P. Vaghela, Devang Sheth, Bhavik Jani, Ravi Ajudia, Anjana Bera, Pratik Vediya, Sejal Pandya, Vishvesh B. Kanabar, Ghanshyam Parmar","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_90_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_90_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) stands out as the most prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age with 5–10% of women experiencing its effects. Historically known as Stein-Leventhal syndrome, its pathology involves various irregularities including heightened androgen levels, insulin resistance, diminished estrogen and progesterone levels, and irregular gonadotropin levels. However, the drugs commonly used to treat PCOS come with multiple side effects and limited efficacy in targeting the disorder’s underlying pathology. Indian kudzu tubers, specifically Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. tubers are a valuable source of phytoestrogens such as puerarin, daidzein, biochanin-A, and formononetin. Phytoestrogens are natural compounds derived from plants that stimulate estrogenic activity through estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), thereby increasing estrogen levels. Hence, the objective of this research was to assess the impact of the ethanolic extract obtained from Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. on the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway in a rat model with induced PCOS using letrozole.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To determine the hormonal parameters i.e. estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone level, as well as to evaluate body weight, ovarian weight, and histopathology of the ovary in female rats, we investigated a comprehensive investigation on female Wistar rats examining the therapeutic potential of Pueraria tuberosa on letrozole-induced PCOS.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 For this aim, animals were divided into six groups (n=6). Control group, untreated letrozole-induced PCOS group (1 mg/kg bwt) for 21 days, PCOS group treated with tuber extract of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC (100 200 and 400 mg/kg bwt) for 14 days, and PCOS group treated with clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg bwt) for 14 days. Finally, body and ovarian weight, and hormonal assays (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels) were conducted. Histomorphometric ovarian evaluation of cystic follicles was determined.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ethanolic extract of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. tuber exhibited a significant enhancement in both body weight and ovarian weight when compared with the PCOS-induced group. It positively influenced hormonal levels by increasing estrogen and progesterone while decreasing testosterone levels. In addition, the extract normalized the ratio of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels and assessed histomorphometric changes, leading to a reduction in cystic follicles. In summary, the ethanolic extract derived from the tuber of Pueraria tuberosa (Willd.) DC. demonstrates the potential to alleviate certain symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. This positive impact is attributed to its components, including puerarin, daidzein, biochanin-A, and formononetin, which exhibit estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects. Notably, in this study, doses of 200–400 mg/kg of","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic role of Arabic gum against nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetes and nephropathy in Wistar rats","authors":"Osama M. Ahmed, Nermeen M. Mosa, H. A. Abou- Seif","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_54_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_54_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Chronic kidney disease is mainly caused by diabetic nephropathy and also causes a lot of suffering and death for people with diabetes, as one of the worst long-term complications. Arabic gum (AG) has been reported to have antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The goal of this study was to scrutinize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of AG against nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The experiment involved three groups of 18 adult male Wistar rats (six each). The normal control group received 0.9% NaCl orally for 8 weeks. The diabetic group received NA intraperitoneal injection (120 mg/kg b.w.) followed by 60 mg/kg body weight (bw) STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) after 15 min. After confirming the induction of diabetes, animals received 0.9% NaCl orally for 8 weeks. The AG-treated diabetic group received 20 mg AG/kg bw/day orally for 8 weeks after diabetes induction.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia which was confirmed by increased levels of serum fasting glucose and fructosamine. Elevated serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin c, and sodium levels were noticed in the serum of diabetic rats while potassium levels were markedly reduced reflecting nephropathy. Oxidative stress was evident in the diabetic kidney, as indicated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). AG administration ameliorated elevated fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine levels as well as the kidney function parameters in serum. AG also attenuated oxidative stress and increased antioxidant capacity in the diabetic kidney. Immune-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor suppressor protein (p53) expression were significantly upregulated in diabetic rats, but AG produced a downregulation of them.\u0000 Thus, AG possesses an antidiabetic effect and has a nephropreventive effect that was manifested by a decrease of urea, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin c and sodium. AG also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and minimizes histopathological alterations in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Despite these ameliorative effects, the efficacy and safety of AG as an adjunct drug for diabetic kidney disease needs to be validated by more scientific research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pink1 gene: a key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Khuzin Dinislam, Pozdnyakov Egor, Hezheva Arina, Kirill Sergienko, Sharonova Anastasia, Melissa Rumyantseva, Margarita Smurygina, Surkova Svetlana, Abid Ali, M. A. Khoso","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_51_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_51_24","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated metabolic condition with insulin resistance and poor glucose metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates the significance of (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) in the progression of diseases. Pink1 encodes a protein kinase, which regulates and maintains mitochondrial activity, this mostly affects mitophagy and energy generation. Mutations in the Pink1 gene have been associated to oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction, and impaired cellular energy output. The presence of insulin resistance and T2DM may be caused by each of these characteristics. To understand Pink1 potential function in the development of diabetes, this review paper investigates the molecular mechanisms through which it influences glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. Based on preclinical investigations, there is potential for developing innovative therapeutic strategies that specifically target Pink1. These strategies could aim to regulate insulin resistance, improve glucose metabolism, and preserve beta-cell function among individuals diagnosed with diabetes. The following areas of research include figuring out how precisely Pink1 functions in diabetes, translating preclinical findings into clinical settings, exploring precision medicine approaches that specifically target Pink1, and identifying possible therapeutic targets within the Pink1 pathway. This review aims to enhance our understanding of Pink1 impact on T2DM and develop personalized treatments for metabolic disorders. Furthermore, it underscores the significance of persisting with this type of investigation to enhance diabetes treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141836355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of antioxidant enzymes in hemodialysis patients","authors":"Safaa A. Majeed, AbdulkareemM Jewad, Mohammed Younus Naji Al Atbee","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_308_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_308_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Oxidative stress in hemodialysis (HD) is a critical concern in the management of patients. HD, a life-sustaining renal replacement therapy, exposes individuals to various factors that promote the production of harmful reactive oxygen species within the body. These reactive oxygen species, including free radicals, can overwhelm the body’s antioxidant defenses, leading to oxidative stress.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to evaluate the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxides (GPx) and catalase (CAT), and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with dyslipidemia in HD patients and compare them with control groups.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The case–control study was conducted on 75 patients undergoing HD and 75 age-matched healthy controls. Oxidative stress markers include CAT, SOD, GPx, and MDA. Serum electrolytes including potassium ion (K+), phosphate (PO4), calcium (Ca+), urea, and creatinine (Cr) were measured for each group.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our results show a significant difference between patients and the control group in each of the oxidative stress markers, which are CAT, GPx, and SOD, showing a decrease that is statistically significant in patients in comparison to the controls. The level of MDA shows an increase that is statistically significant in patients in comparison to the controls. Serum electrolyte levels, which are K+, PO4, urea, and Cr, show a statistically significant increase in patients in comparison to the controls. Ca+ shows a decrease that is statistically significant in patients in comparison to the controls.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 From the results, we could conclude that oxidative stress plays a role in HD patients and can affect the management of end-stage renal failure patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of spirulina against 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary cancer","authors":"S. Hamdy, Asmaa A. Mostafa, Doaa G El-Sahra, Marwa H. El-Azma, Khaled G. Abdel-Wahhab","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_352_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_352_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Breast cancer is the most abundant malignancies worldwide; however, its current therapies encounter drug resistance or exhibit numerous side effects. Marine and freshwater algal biomasses, such as spirulina, are rich with many biological active components.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The main objective of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic, antioxidant, and immune-modulating efficiency of spirulina on breast tumor modelled female rats, especially through the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer rats were ingested with spirulina (500 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks, then blood and tissue samples of normal and spirulina-treated cancer rats were obtained and tested for biochemical, immunological, and histopathological assessments.\u0000 Cancer model is used in this experiment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that spirulina is rich in phenolic compounds that have high scavenger activity and reducing power reflecting the antioxidant potential of spirulina. Treatment of DMBA-induced mammary cancer rats with spirulina resulted in improvement in mammary oxidative stress status that was distorted due to DMBA administration; meanwhile, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione values were elevated significantly coupled with a marked drop in nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels. In addition, spirulina boosts the immune-modulating response against tumor as the serum proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interlukin-1 beta, and interlukin-6) were markedly downregulated, and associated with inhibition of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin pathway; this in turn suppress the tumor proliferation and progression. Furthermore, the prognosis of the treatment was indicated by the clear reduction of serum cancer antigen 15.3 level accompanied by elevation in serum level of the apoptotic biomarkers (caspase-3 and CD4) inferring the upregulation of tumor suppressor genes. Similarly, spirulina ameliorated lipid profile and the biochemical markers of hepatorenal functions (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine) that were disturbed by DMBA; therefore, it has a positive impact on the body health. These biochemical improvements were associated with a notable improvement in the histological architecture of the mammary tissue.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In conclusion, spirulina has proved considerable antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities against DMBA-induced mammary cancer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan and riboflavin treatments affect marjoram growth, yield, and chemical composition","authors":"Hala S. Abd-Rabbu, H. Wahba, A. El-Gohary, Khalid A. Khalid","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_401_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_401_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Marjoram is primarily cultivated to produce dried leaves and essential oil. Its active components have a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities in modern medicine. There is an interest in increasing marjoram production for local production and export. Chitosan (CH) and riboflavin (R) are required to promote plant growth and active ingredients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The purpose of this study was to investigate how marjoram performance was affected by foliar spraying of CH and R at different concentrations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This investigation was performed over two successive seasons at two cuts. The used concentrations of CH were 100, 150, and 200 ppm, while R concentrations were 50 and 100 ppm. They were applied four times as a foliar spray to the vegetative growth during the growth season. At each harvest, the following parameters were recorded: fresh and dry weight, oil yield, total carbohydrates %, protein %, macronutrient content, total phenolics content, flavonoids content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil constituents to study their response to different treatments.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All the treatments of CH and R enhanced the vegetative growth, essential oil percentage, yield, active constituents, and oil components compared with untreated plants. Foliar application of CH at 200 ppm and R at 100 ppm increased plant growth, yield of volatile oil as well as chemical constituents compared with other treatments; however, CH was more effective than R. The combined application between CH and R resulted in the greatest values especially when both were applied at high doses.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative–antioxidant endogenous role on hepatic problems in textile-dyeing workers","authors":"Amal Saad-Hussien, Eman M. Shahy, H. Mahdy-Abdallah, K. Ibrahim, S. Beshir, Mohamed S. Elhamshary","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_17_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_17_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Workers in the textile-dyeing industry are exposed to many environmental pollutants in the working area for long periods, such as organic solvents, heavy metals, and dyes. These various exposures could be associated with an increased risk of liver dysfunctions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study aimed to estimate the effects of endogenous antioxidants on oxidative stress due to occupational exposures in the textile-dyeing industry and its role on the liver of the exposed workers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One hundred forty-seven male workers from the textile-dyeing industry were included in this study. Serum alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), malondialdehyde, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed by autoanalyzer using a diagnostic reagent kit.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in GGT and TAC between workers in the printing and dyeing sections. There was a significant correlation between the duration of exposure and the age of the workers in the printing and dyeing sections. Malondialdehyde showed a significant correlation with age, duration of exposure, and GGT and was a significant inverse correlation with TAC in dyeing workers. In printing workers, GGT was significantly correlated with the duration of exposure, and with TAC, it was inversely correlated in dyeing workers. Moreover, TAC was significantly positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase in printing workers.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Occupational exposure to chemicals in dyeing processes could affect the liver of the exposed workers through an oxidative stress mechanism, and the total antioxidants could play an important role in reducing this significant effect. However, by increasing the duration of exposure, the role of total antioxidants could be declined. Therefore, it is essential to increase awareness about the importance of personal protective equipment and controlling the exposure rate, in addition to early diagnosis of liver dysfunction through routine clinical follow-up for the exposed workers, improving the clinical outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of semi-wild Sumatran mango (Mangifera spp.) leaves as a phytotherapy agent for breast cancer","authors":"Fitmawati, Nur Anisa, R. Roza, E. Juliantari","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_250_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_250_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Breast cancer ranks first in the world, standing at a mortality rate of 24.5% per year and is the leading cause of cancer death in Indonesia. The current management of breast cancer therapy is considered less effective because of its careful use due to side effects that are detrimental to the patient. The semi-wild species from Sumatra are neglected and underutilized species but have the potential as a therapeutic agent. Previous research has revealed that this species of mango is high in antioxidant compounds.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was carried out to discover the anticancer activities of the semi-wild mango species via inhibitory activities and morphological changes in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The IC50 value of Mangifera\u0000 sumatrana, Mangifera\u0000 foetida, and Mangifera\u0000 laurina leaves in n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and methanol extracts was determined using the reagent 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 M. laurina n-hexane extracts exhibited anticancer activity (IC50 13.25 ppm). Nonpolar solutions were chosen as the most effective extraction solvent in anticancer tests because lipids in nonpolar solvents can hit the lipid bilayer. A hexane fraction was created by separating the majority of nonpolar fatty acid esters, and this fraction had a considerable impact on cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on MCF-7 cells. Therefore, all treatments can transform MCF-7 cells’ morphology into blackened dead cells that are degraded into small parts, such as apoptotic bodies in cells undergoing apoptotic processes. MTT assays against MCF-7 on three species of semi-wild Sumatran mango in different extraction solvents showed that n-hexane extracts of M. laurina had stronger anticancer activity than other samples. This study provides new information to support the development of standardized herbal medicines and phytopharmaca in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological profile, rumen fermentation, antioxidant state, and immune response of Egyptian Nubian goats fed on Astragalus membranaceus root extract supplemented ration","authors":"Mohamed I. Oraby, F. Youssef, Mohamed A El-sherif, Mohamed E. Ali, A. Jaheen","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_410_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_410_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In recent years, Astragalus membranaceus extract has been widely used in animals due to their antimicrobial activities, ability to enhance immunity, and antioxidant functions.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We aimed to determine the antioxidant and inhibitory activities of A. membranaceus root powder (AMP) and its cytotoxicity and effects on hematological profile, rumen fermentation, antioxidant status, and immune response in Egyptian Nubian goats.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Twenty-five goats are used in this study were received 20 g/animal/day of AMP mixed with their basic diet for 28 days. The study involved measuring the antioxidant activity of AMP using the 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and determining the viability and cytotoxicity percentage using the methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium protocol.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 After 14 and 28 days of the daily feeding with 20 g of AMP, there was a significant increase in hematological profile, leukocyte count, total volatile fatty acid, and rumen ammonium concentrations with an enhancement in protozoal activity. Also, there was an increase in catalase and total antioxidant capacities along with promoting immunoglobulin (A, M, and G) contents with no significant effect on the insulin level compared with 0 days. Malondialdehyde contents decreased significantly. For all examined concentrations, A. membranaceus showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It also showed a high cytotoxicity percentage in cancer cells.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A. membranaceus root extract supplementation significantly increases hematology parameters and rumen fermentation, and improves immune status and antioxidant activity both in-vitro and in live animals. It also exhibits potent cytotoxicity on cancer cells.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from dogs and cats in Great Cairo regarding status of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern","authors":"A. Hakim, Sohad M. Dorgham, Hussein A. Abuelhag, E. G. Sadek, A. Dapgh, N. H. Youssif, E. Fouad","doi":"10.4103/epj.epj_340_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/epj.epj_340_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Companion animals; dog and cat are closely associated with the daily life of humans and may be implemented in the transmission of many microorganisms to their adopters. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a suited opportunistic and harsh to treat pathogen due to its rife environmental distribution, unique intrinsic and acquired resistance to numerous antimicrobials’ categories.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The current study targeted to survey the existence of P. aeruginosa in laboratory samples obtained from diseased dogs and cats. The study also investigated the susceptibility and resistance of recovered isolates against antimicrobials.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 315 samples gathered from veterinary laboratories in Great Cairo governorates; fecal, ear, eye, respiratory, wounds and urine samples were previously collected from diseased dogs and cats. The samples were examined bacteriologically and biochemically to isolate P. aeruginosa. The isolates were assayed for their sensitivity and resistance versus 25 antimicrobials belonging to various categories.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Fifty- eight P. aeruginosa isolates (18.41%) were obtained from 315 dogs (44/233, 18.88%) and cats’ (14/82, 17.07%) clinical swabs. The isolates were confirmed biochemically and via VITEK 2 compact system. All isolates showed alpha-type of hemolysis and pigment production. The obtained P. aeruginosa isolates revealed a multidrug resistance pattern by 70.45% in dog isolates while cat isolates demonstrated a higher ratio 78.57%. P. aeruginosa isolates were highly resistant to cephalosporins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and intermediate resistant to erythromycin fosfomycin. On the other hand imipenem, amikacin, azithromycin then gentamycin and ciprofloxacin were the most efficient on P. aeruginosa isolates. The study included that P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from canine and feline clinical samples collected from Great Cairo laboratories were characterized by high and intermediate levels of antimicrobial resistance. However, this pattern was directed to some classes of antibiotics, which are not authorized for veterinary use, which could expose an early warning mark and give the need for ongoing monitoring.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11568,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}