Energies最新文献_第6页

Wind Turbine Geometrical and Operation Variables Reconstruction from Blade Acceleration Measurements 根据叶片加速度测量结果重建风力涡轮机的几何和运行变量

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010229

Francisco Pimenta, C. Moutinho, Filipe Magalhães

{"title":"Wind Turbine Geometrical and Operation Variables Reconstruction from Blade Acceleration Measurements","authors":"Francisco Pimenta, C. Moutinho, Filipe Magalhães","doi":"10.3390/en17010229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010229","url":null,"abstract":"To develop reliable numerical models and better interpret monitoring campaigns experimental data of wind turbines, knowing the structure operation conditions, in particular the rotor angular velocity and blades’ pitch angle, is of paramount importance, but often not known due to confidentiality restrictions, or known with low time resolution (typically 10 min average values). In this work, it is shown analytically that blades accelerations measurements contain valuable information that allow for a better characterisation of the effective rotor shaft tilt and blades cone angle for different operating conditions. It is also shown that these measurements can be used to reconstruct the time history of the rotor angular velocity and blades’ pitch angle. After presented in an analytical framework, the methodology is validated with experimental data of two full scale wind turbines. The successful reconstruction of the rotor operating conditions shows that the method presented can be used to provide further insight into the dynamics of the structure that aids monitoring data analysis and provides an alternative method to monitor the SCADA systems themselves. The paper combines quite unique experimental data collected at two operating rotors with original data processing strategies that provide very valuable information to researchers and wind turbine operators.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"75 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reactive Power Compensation and Distortion Power Variation Identification in Extended Budeanu Power Theory for Single-Phase Systems 单相系统扩展 Budeanu 功率理论中的无功功率补偿和畸变功率变化识别

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010227

Z. Sołjan, Maciej Zajkowski, Andrzej Borusiewicz

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of Skylight Design in the Early Design Stage 设计初期天窗设计的敏感性分析和多目标优化

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010219

Yuan Fang, Soolyeon Cho, Yanyu Wang, Luya He

{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of Skylight Design in the Early Design Stage","authors":"Yuan Fang, Soolyeon Cho, Yanyu Wang, Luya He","doi":"10.3390/en17010219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010219","url":null,"abstract":"Building geometry design decisions are important for energy efficiency and daylight performance. Sensitivity analysis, coupled with optimization, is an important approach to investigate and optimize building geometry in the early design stage. Incorporating skylights is an important daylighting strategy in commercial buildings; however, skylight-to-floor ratio (SFR) is often the only design variable evaluated in precedent studies. More design variables related to skylight geometry, clerestory geometry, skylight material, and building geometry need to be evaluated. This study investigates the skylight design of a 2000-square-meter commercial building. Eighteen design variables are evaluated according to their influence on building energy and daylight performance. One-at-a-time (OAT), linear regression, and Morris sensitivity analysis approaches are utilized to identify the most influential variables. Seven of the twelve building geometry variables and two of the six building material variables are considered as important. Then, a multi-objective optimization with genetic algorithms is processed to find out the optimal design solution. The three objectives are energy use intensity (EUI), daylight autonomy (DA), and daylight uniformity (DU). After the optimization, five candidate design options are picked from the Pareto front. Discussions are made on the features of these designs, and one design is selected as the optimal solution.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"113 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Quality of Virginia Fanpetals Biomass as an Energy Source, Depending on the Type of Propagating Material and Plantation Age 弗吉尼亚扇贝生物质作为能源的质量取决于繁殖材料的类型和种植年限

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010218

Jacek Kwiatkowski, Ł. Graban, M. Stolarski

{"title":"The Quality of Virginia Fanpetals Biomass as an Energy Source, Depending on the Type of Propagating Material and Plantation Age","authors":"Jacek Kwiatkowski, Ł. Graban, M. Stolarski","doi":"10.3390/en17010218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010218","url":null,"abstract":"Plant biomass is still the main raw material in the production of energy from renewable sources. Virginia fanpetals may be an alternative and complementary source of solid biomass to that obtained from forests and the wood industry. In this respect, it is important to assess the variability of the qualitative characteristics of Sida biomass as a solid biofuel over a long period of use of a plantation of this species. Three types of propagating material were used to establish the plantation: seeds, root cuttings (rhizomes), and seedlings, at two sowing/planting densities. The quality of the biomass, obtained during 14 consecutive years of harvest, was tested, including the moisture content, ash content, higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV), and the carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrogen content. It was found that both thermophysical properties and elemental composition were mostly determined by the years of vegetation. An important role in this respect was played by the juvenile period of the plants’ development. The biomass obtained after 1 year of vegetation contained a larger concentration of ash, nitrogen, and sulfur and less carbon and hydrogen, which reduced its energy value. The results confirm the possibility of obtaining biomass with low moisture, which favorably places it from an energy point of view.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on Non-Isolated Multiport Converters for Residential DC Microgrids 住宅直流微电网非隔离多端口转换器综述

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010222

Georgios Salagiannis, Emmanuel C. Tatakis

{"title":"Review on Non-Isolated Multiport Converters for Residential DC Microgrids","authors":"Georgios Salagiannis, Emmanuel C. Tatakis","doi":"10.3390/en17010222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010222","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, energy sustainability needs drive the development of novel power system architectures that efficiently harvest and deliver green energy. Specifically, DC Microgrids (DC-MG) have emerged as promising bases for distributed power generation, especially in residential applications. The pivotal role of power conversion and the need for more affordable and compact converters has led to an increasing research interest. MultiPort Converters (MPCs) exhibit beneficial operational characteristics for these applications and, therefore, a plethora of different topologies is suggested in the literature. Even though there have been some attempts to organize and review the field status, the categorization is based on the existence or not of isolation between the converter’s ports, without providing insight on the topology conception. In this article, a literature review is conducted to specify the most suitable non-isolated MPC topologies for residential DC-MGs. Converters with a power rating ranging from 0.1 to 1 kW are compared based on technical features and categorized according to their topology derivation process. This procedure is performed separately for MPCs suitable for unipolar and bipolar DC Buses. The selected approach highlights the design basis for each MPC in a structured manner, facilitating further development of original converters by both new and experienced researchers.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"4 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Colourimetric Method for Mixing Time Measurement in Single-Use and Multi-Use Bioreactors—Methodology Overview and Practical Recommendations 单次使用和多次使用生物反应器中混合时间的比色法--方法概述和实用建议

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010221

M. Bartczak, Maciej Pilarek

{"title":"The Colourimetric Method for Mixing Time Measurement in Single-Use and Multi-Use Bioreactors—Methodology Overview and Practical Recommendations","authors":"M. Bartczak, Maciej Pilarek","doi":"10.3390/en17010221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010221","url":null,"abstract":"Mixing time is an important parameter for quantifying the mixing efficiency of a bioreactor system, essential for successful bioprocess development in various branches of the bioengineering sector (e.g., biopharma, biorefineries, food industry and bioreactor design). The colourimetric method is one of the ways of obtaining valuable quantitative data about the mixing process and the liquid flow inside a vessel. This review consists of a catalogue and a discussion of previously published data in which the colourimetric method has been utilised; a critical comparison between the colourimetric and other mixing time measurement methods; an explanation of practical considerations regarding the bioreactor setup and the choice of reagents; a practical guide for requirements for the acquisition of high-quality images of the mixing process; a thorough discussion of aspects connected to the computer image processing of the video material. This review is intended to thoroughly present the versatility of the colourimetric method for mixing time measurement in miscellaneous bioreactor systems, i.e., in classical tanks and modern single-use (disposable) plastic film-based bag-like containers, and to facilitate the implementation of the colourimetric method in new research setups by providing complete and valuable recommendations about each step of the methodology.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Application of Fuzzy Neural Networks in Combustion Process Diagnostics 模糊神经网络在燃烧过程诊断中的应用

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.3390/en17010212

Żaklin Grądz, Waldemar Wójcik, K. Gromaszek, A. Kotyra, S. Smailova, A. Iskakova, B. Yeraliyeva, Saule Kumargazhanova, B. Imanbek

{"title":"Application of Fuzzy Neural Networks in Combustion Process Diagnostics","authors":"Żaklin Grądz, Waldemar Wójcik, K. Gromaszek, A. Kotyra, S. Smailova, A. Iskakova, B. Yeraliyeva, Saule Kumargazhanova, B. Imanbek","doi":"10.3390/en17010212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010212","url":null,"abstract":"Coal remains one of the key raw materials used in the energy industry to generate electricity and heat. As a result, diagnostics of the combustion process is still an important topic of scientific research. Correct implementation of the process allows the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere to be kept at a compliant level. Therefore, it is important to conduct the process in a manner that will not exceed these standards. A preliminary analysis of the measurement signals was carried out, and signal predictions of flame intensity changes were determined using the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. Different fuzzy neural network architectures have been investigated. Binary and multi-class classifications of flame states were conducted. The best results were obtained from the ANFIS_grid partition model, producing an accuracy of 95.46% for binary classification and 79.08% for multi-class classification. The accuracy of the recognition of flame states and the high convergence of the determined predictions with measurement signals validate the application of the proposed approach in diagnosing or controlling the combustion process of pulverized coal and its mixtures with biomass. Expert decisions determine the range of acceptable states.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":" August","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Agricultural Research and Development Center Design with Building Integrated Photovoltaics in Fiji 斐济采用光伏建筑一体化技术的农业研发中心设计

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.3390/en17010207

Sojung Kim, Sumin Kim

引用次数: 0

Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles—From Statistics to Emission Regulations and Vehicle Testing in the European Union 欧盟轻型车辆的排放--从统计数据到排放法规和车辆测试

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.3390/en17010209

W. Pacura, Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala, Janusz Gołaś

{"title":"Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles—From Statistics to Emission Regulations and Vehicle Testing in the European Union","authors":"W. Pacura, Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala, Janusz Gołaś","doi":"10.3390/en17010209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010209","url":null,"abstract":"The article offers a comprehensive examination of vehicle emissions, with a specific focus on the European Union’s automotive industry. Its main goal is to provide an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing the emission of microcontaminants from light-duty vehicles and the challenges associated with their removal via exhaust aftertreatment systems. It presents statistical insights into the automotive sector and explores the relationships between vehicle categories, fuel types, and the emission of regulated and nonregulated pollutants, as well as relevant legal regulations such as the European Emission Standard. The article delves into the characteristics of vehicle exhaust, compares exhaust-gas aftertreatment systems, and introduces factors affecting emissions from gasoline engines, including downsizing, fuel composition, and engine operating parameters. It also considers the impact of driving style, start–stop systems, and related factors. Concluding, the article offers an overview of vehicle-testing procedures, including emission tests on dynamometer chassis and real driving emissions. With the growing global vehicle population and international environmental regulations, a focus on solid particles containing microcontaminants is paramount, as they pose significant risks to health and the environment. In summary, this article provides valuable insights into vehicle emissions, significantly contributing to our understanding of this crucial environmental issue.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State of Health Estimation Procedure for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Partial Discharge Data and Support Vector Regression 利用部分放电数据和支持向量回归估算锂离子电池健康状况的程序

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.3390/en17010206

E. Petkovski, Iacopo Marri, L. Cristaldi, M. Faifer

{"title":"State of Health Estimation Procedure for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Partial Discharge Data and Support Vector Regression","authors":"E. Petkovski, Iacopo Marri, L. Cristaldi, M. Faifer","doi":"10.3390/en17010206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010206","url":null,"abstract":"Battery aging is a complex phenomenon, and precise state of health (SoH) monitoring is essential for effective battery management. This paper presents a data-driven method for SoH estimation based on support vector regression (SVR), utilizing features built from both full and partial discharge capacity curves, as well as battery temperature data. It provides an in-depth discussion of the novel features constructed from different voltage intervals. Moreover, three combinations of features were analyzed, demonstrating how their efficacy changes across different voltage ranges. Successful results were obtained using the full discharge capacity curves, built from the full interval of 2 to 3.4 V and achieving a mean R2 value of 0.962 for the test set, thus showcasing the adequacy of the selected SVR strategy. Finally, the features constructed from the full voltage range were compared with ones built from 10 small voltage ranges. Similar success was observed, evidenced by a mean R2 value ranging between 0.939 and 0.973 across different voltage ranges. This indicates the practical applicability of the developed models in real-world scenarios. The tuning and evaluation of the proposed models were carried out using a substantial dataset created by Toyota, consisting of 124 lithium iron phosphate batteries.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0