Energies最新文献

{"title":"Benefits and Challenges of California Offshore Wind Electricity: An Updated Assessment.","authors":"Adam Rose, Nathaniel Gundersen, Yamini Kumar, Joshua Jacobs, Isabel Reynoso, Najmedin Meshkati","doi":"10.3390/en18010118","DOIUrl":"10.3390/en18010118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Offshore wind (OSW) technology has recently been included in California's plans to achieve 100% carbon-free electricity by 2045. As an emerging technology, many features of OSW are changing more rapidly than established renewable options and are shaped by local circumstances in unique ways that limit transferrable experiences globally. This paper fills a gap in the literature by providing an updated technological assessment of OSW in California to determine its viability and competitiveness in the state's electricity generation mix to achieve its near-term energy and environmental goals. Through a critical synthesis and extrapolation of technical, social, and economic analyses, we identify several major improvements in its potential. First, we note that while estimates of OSW's costs per MWh of installed capacity have generally documented and projected a long-term decline, recent technical, microeconomic, and macroeconomic factors have caused significant backsliding of this momentum. Second, we project that the potential dollar value benefits of OSW's greenhouse gas reduction capabilities have increased by one to two orders of magnitude, primarily due to major upward revisions of the social cost of carbon. Several co-benefits, including enhanced reliability, economic growth, and environmental justice, look to be increasingly promising due to a combination of technological advances and policy initiatives. Despite these advancements, OSW continues to face several engineering and broader challenges. We assess the current status of these challenges, as well as current and future strategies to address them. We conclude that OSW is now overall an even more attractive electricity-generating option than at the beginning of this decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12046635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Application Potential of New Nano-Oil Displacement Agents to Improve Shale Oil Recovery Rates","authors":"Haibo He, Jixiang Guo, Bo Wang, Yu Zhang, Lei Fan, Tao Wang, Tiantian Zhang, Jing Wang","doi":"10.3390/en18010061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010061","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the demand for enhanced oil recovery in shale reservoirs and to improve the fluidity of shale oil while strengthening its imbibition effect, a multifunctional, thermally stable nanofluid agent, SDP-3, was synthesized using acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonicacid (AMPS) as the primary raw materials. A series of characterizations and tests were conducted to evaluate its interfacial properties, stability, viscosity reduction performance, wettability, and imbibition-driven oil recovery capabilities. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which SDP-3 enhances the recovery of shale oil were analyzed. The results demonstrated that a mass concentration of 2% SDP-3 could reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to 0.071 mN/m. When the concentration increased to 2.0%, the interfacial tension further decreased to 0.071 mN/m, at which point the viscosity reduction rate for shale oil reached 92.02%, and the imbibition recovery rate was 36.57%. Microscopic observations revealed that SDP-3 could disperse shale oil into fibrous and spherical forms, effectively detaching the adhering shale oil from minute pores. This nanofluid agent not only exhibits excellent compatibility and stability but also achieves an ideal oil recovery effect while significantly improving recovery rates, showcasing its immense application potential in oilfield development.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 1","pages":"61-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/61/pdf?version=1735297528","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147890178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries Using 3D MoS2/Conductive Polymer Composite","authors":"T. J. Jiang, Sijie Li, Zexiang Luo, Xue Li, Xue Li, Lifeng Zhang, Haisheng San, Xin Li, Xin Li, Yifei Ma","doi":"10.3390/en18010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010034","url":null,"abstract":"MoS2, a typical transition metal dichalcogenide, features a layered structure, multi-phase transition, and tunable band gap, which is a promising candidate for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). Recent studies have focused on the metastable 1T-MoS2 phase, which exhibits superior electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity compared to the more stable 2H phase. Herein, a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was used to synthesize three-dimensional MoS2/polymer composites (H-MoS2-PEDOT). Under acidic conditions, the polymerization and intercalation of EDOT molecules in the MoS2 layers promote the phase transition from 2H to 1T, thereby enhancing its conductivity and electrochemical performance. Additionally, it was found that the intercalated PEDOT and small amounts of water molecules have contributed to enhancing Zn2+ ion diffusion and cycle stability. As a result, AZIBs based on the H-MoS2-PEDOT composite deliver a high specific capacity of 173.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, maintaining a specific capacity of 116 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 82.8% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 1","pages":"34-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/1/34/pdf?version=1735143007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study and Optimization Analysis of Operating Conditions on Photo-Thermochemical Cycle of Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production Based on CeO2 Catalyst","authors":"Zhiyong Zhang, Huimin Hu, Jie Yang, Zhengguang He, Kai Yan, Tianyu Liu, Chang Wen","doi":"10.3390/en17246314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246314","url":null,"abstract":"The photo-thermochemical cycle (PTC) for water splitting offers a sustainable method for hydrogen production by efficiently utilizing solar energy. This study explored the use of CeO2 as a catalyst in the PTC system to enhance hydrogen yield. A nanostructured CeO2 catalyst was synthesized via the sol-gel method, achieving an H2 yield of 8.35 μmol g−1 h−1. Stability tests over five cycles showed consistent yields between 7.22 and 8.35 μmol g−1 h−1. Analysis revealed that oxygen vacancies (VOs) increased after the photoreaction and depleted during the thermal reaction, which aligns with the expected PTC mechanism for hydrogen production. Single-factor experiments highlighted that photoreaction duration mainly influenced VOs generation, while thermal duration and temperature impacted VOs consumption and intermediate reaction rates. A response surface methodology (RSM) model predicted optimal conditions for maximum H2 yield (8.85 μmol g−1 h−1) with a photoreaction duration of 46.6 min, thermal duration of 45.4 min, and thermal temperature of 547.2 °C.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"17 24","pages":"6314-6314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/24/6314/pdf?version=1734171027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147909936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Alternate Oil Displacement Mechanism of CO2 and Modified Water in Low-Permeability Oil Layers","authors":"Shupei Zhao, Meilong Fu, Jun Chen, Zhaoxing Li, Jiayi Lin, Shuo Zhang, Pengju Wang","doi":"10.3390/en17236092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17236092","url":null,"abstract":"Alternating carbon dioxide and water flooding can not only seal greenhouse gases, but also combine the advantages of water flooding and carbon dioxide flooding, and can well control mobility and stabilize the displacement front, thereby greatly improving the macro-replacing efficiency. In order to further improve the development effect of water–carbon dioxide alternating flooding, this paper, based on sufficient collection of the literature, research, and analysis, pre-uses modified water instead of water, and deeply explores and studies the impact of modified water–carbon dioxide alternating flooding on the improvement of development effect and the mechanism of enhancing oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs. The main work completed is as follows: (1) A comparative experiment of multiple groups of sand-filled tubes with different displacement media, modified water concentrations, and injection plug sizes was conducted under the conditions of simulating reservoir formation temperature of 70 °C and formation pressure of 18 MPa, and the optimal scheme and injection parameters of alternating modified water and carbon dioxide flooding were rationally selected. The results show that the alternating flooding of modified water and carbon dioxide in low-permeability reservoirs can significantly improve the development effect. The optimal injection parameters are a formulation concentration of 0.3% and an injection method of alternating a 0.1 PV slug injection of carbon dioxide and modified water. (2) Using Berea cores instead of sand-fill tubes, a comparative experiment of alternating oil displacement using carbon dioxide and modified water was carried out under the same experimental conditions. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were performed on five of the cores to analyze the microscopic oil displacement mechanisms of different displacement media. The results show the following: nuclear magnetic resonance testing shows that carbon dioxide displacement can greatly improve the oil recovery efficiency in tiny pores (about 47.43%); alternating injection can further improve the oil recovery efficiency in tiny pores (about 70.6%); and modified water can improve the oil recovery efficiency in larger pores (about 56.47%).","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"17 23","pages":"6092-6092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/6092/pdf?version=1733239831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Prevention of Shipping-Related Air Pollution","authors":"Y. Garbatov, Petar Georgiev","doi":"10.3390/en17235991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235991","url":null,"abstract":"This review looks at the advancements in shipping-related air pollution prevention in the context of ship life cycle assessment and energy efficiency. It discusses which design option is best for implementing various strategies to lower greenhouse gas emissions. It covers logistics, digitization, environmental requirements, and the greenhouse gases produced. Among the issues for enhancing the propulsion system’s performance are air lubrication, ship hull optimization, and hull and propeller maintenance and cleaning. Alternative fuels, wind-assisted propulsion, and nuclear energy are given special attention. Energy-efficient design solutions, risk-based environmental ship design, and retrofitting older ships to improve energy efficiency are also covered. Several trends and recommendations for lowering shipping-related air pollution have been found in the review.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"17 23","pages":"5991-5991"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5991/pdf?version=1732787401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Conductivity of the Binary Mixtures of N-Heptane and Fatty Acid Esters: Measurement and Correlation","authors":"Qing Zou, Zhenhui Chen, Siwen Ding, Jimin Xu, Maogang He, Xiangyang Liu","doi":"10.3390/en17235811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235811","url":null,"abstract":"As a renewable energy source and potential substitute for fossil fuels, biodiesel plays an increasingly important role in both energy security and environmental protection. Accurate thermal conductivity data of biodiesels and their mixture with diesel are critical to engine design to achieve high combustion efficiency. This study measured the thermal conductivity of binary mixtures of heptane and biodiesel components, specifically methyl myristate, methyl laurate, and methyl caprate, over a temperature range of 298.15–328.15 K, using the two-wire 3ω method. Based on the experimental data, the effect of mass fraction, temperature, and carbon chain length of the fatty acid ester on the thermal conductivity was analyzed. The second-order Scheffé polynomial model, Flippov equation, Jamieson equation, and Chen equation were used to correlate the experimental data and compare to find a better one. The Flippov equation shows the lowest absolute average relative deviation of 0.80% for the binary mixtures of heptane with methyl myristate, methyl laurate, and methyl caprate.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"17 23","pages":"5811-5811"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5811/pdf?version=1732166285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Evaluation of Choline Bromide-Based Electrolyte for Hybrid Supercapacitors","authors":"Zhanibek Ayaganov, Fyodor Malchik, Zhumabay Bakenov, З. А. Мансуров, Kaiyrgali Maldybayev, Andrey Kurbatov, Annie Ng, Vladimir Pavlenko","doi":"10.3390/en17225580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225580","url":null,"abstract":"Choline bromide (ChBr) has been less explored as an electrolyte material. This work demonstrates the promising potential of ChBr as a novel aqueous electrolyte for hybrid supercapacitors. At its optimized concentration of 3.5 M, ChBr solution exhibits a maximum conductivity of 79.56 mS cm−1 at room temperature, along with a viscosity of 3.15 mPas and a density of 1.14 g cm−3. A reduction in water activity of the optimized ChBr electrolyte concentration extends the electrochemical stability window (ESW), enabling operation up to 1.9 V for two-electrode cells. When the current densities increase from 0.5 to 5 A g−1, the hybrid supercapacitor based on ChBr electrolyte with the optimized mass ratio of electrodes composed of commercial microporous carbon (Maxsorb) demonstrates impressive specific energy and capacitance retention from 41 to 36 Wh kg−1 and from 330 to 300 F g−1 (per mass of one electrode), respectively. The experimental results obtained from this work demonstrate possibilities for further development and applications of ChBr-based hybrid systems in energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"17 22","pages":"5580-5580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5580/pdf?version=1731059813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147884304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory–Attention Solar Photovoltaic Power Prediction–Correction Model Based on the Division of Twenty-Four Solar Terms","authors":"Guodong Wu, Diangang Hu, Yongrui Zhang, Guangqing Bao, Ting He","doi":"10.3390/en17225549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225549","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of extreme weather events gives rise to a significant degree of prediction bias in the forecasting of photovoltaic (PV) power. In order to enhance the precision of forecasting outcomes, this study examines the interrelationships between China’s 24 conventional solar terms and extreme meteorological events. Additionally, it proposes a methodology for estimating the short-term generation of PV power based on the division of solar term time series. Firstly, given that the meteorological data from the same festival is more representative of the climate state at the current prediction moment, the sample data are grouped according to the 24 festival time nodes. Secondly, a convolutional neural network–long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) PV power prediction model based on an Attention mechanism is proposed. This model extracts temporal change information from nonlinear sample data through LSTM, and a CNN link is added at the front end of LSTM to address the issue of LSTM being unable to obtain the spatial linkage of multiple features. Additionally, an Attention mechanism is incorporated at the back end of the CNN to obtain the feature information of crucial time steps, further reducing the multi-step prediction error. Concurrently, a PV power error prediction model is constructed to rectify the outcomes of the aforementioned prediction model. The examination of the measured data from PV power stations and the comparison and analysis with other prediction models demonstrate that the model presented in this paper can effectively enhance the accuracy of PV power predictions.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"17 22","pages":"5549-5549"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/22/5549/pdf?version=1730906728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Performance Study of CaCl2 Composite Adsorbent Based on Rock Wool Board Suitable for Continuous Heat Storage/Release of Trombe Wall","authors":"Yutong Xiao, Siyu Wei, Yuanyi Yang, Chunhao Wang, Shanbi Peng","doi":"10.3390/en17205033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205033","url":null,"abstract":"As a passive solar design technology, the Trombe wall can improve buildings’ energy efficiency and thermal comfort. However, the traditional Trombe wall heating efficiency is low and cannot meet the needs of continuous night heating of the building. To solve these problems, a new type of sheet-like composite adsorbent is proposed in this study, prepared from calcium chloride supported by a rock wool board, a high-porosity building material. The high adaptability of rock wool board to the building wall makes it possible for the composite adsorbent to be directly applied to the Trombe wall. The results show that the macroporous structure of the rock wool board provides a wealth of space for loading hydrated salts. The smaller the density and thickness, the more calcium chloride the rock wool board can carry, speeding up the absorption/deportation process. The rock wool slab-based calcium chloride composite adsorbent has a maximum adsorption capacity of 51% and a heat storage density of about 838 J/g. Achieving the desorbed balance within 8 h and applying it to the Trombe wall is expected to attain continuous heating of buildings and has significant potential in building energy conservation.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"17 20","pages":"5033-5033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147884718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}