Energies最新文献_第5页

Proposed Extension of the U.S.–Caribbean Super Grid to South America for Resilience during Hurricanes 拟议将美国-加勒比超级电网延伸至南美洲，以增强飓风期间的抗灾能力

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3390/en17010233

Rodney Itiki, M. Manjrekar, S. G. Di Santo

{"title":"Proposed Extension of the U.S.–Caribbean Super Grid to South America for Resilience during Hurricanes","authors":"Rodney Itiki, M. Manjrekar, S. G. Di Santo","doi":"10.3390/en17010233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010233","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change mitigation, adaptation to intensifying hurricanes, and decarbonization challenges in developing countries emphasize the urgent need for resilient high-voltage grids to facilitate the expansion of renewables. This research explores the technical feasibility of extending the U.S.–Caribbean Super Grid to include the Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana, and the northeastern part of Brazil in South America. This proposed extension aims to capitalize on the recent introduction of a new generation of wind turbines certified for operation under strong hurricane forces. The research utilizes modeling and simulation techniques to evaluate the performance of the proposed extension. A method for modeling and estimating spatiotemporal wind power profiles is applied, and the results demonstrate a reduction in maximum wind power variability within the U.S.–Caribbean Super Grid. Depending on the hurricane trajectory, the variability is reduced from 56.6% to less than 43.2%. This reduction takes effect by distributing peak surplus wind power alongside the proposed U.S.–Caribbean–South America Super Grid (UCASG). The research concludes by acknowledging the merits and limitations of the study and discussing potential directions for future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"32 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal Control of Brushless Doubly Fed Wind Power Generator under Zero-Voltage Ride-Through 零电压穿越条件下无刷双馈风力发电机的优化控制

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3390/en17010235

Junyang Xu, Pengcheng Nie

{"title":"Optimal Control of Brushless Doubly Fed Wind Power Generator under Zero-Voltage Ride-Through","authors":"Junyang Xu, Pengcheng Nie","doi":"10.3390/en17010235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010235","url":null,"abstract":"In the grid-connected operation dynamics of brushless doubly fed generators (BDFGs), a dip in the grid voltage is equivalent to suddenly adding a reverse voltage source at the parallel node. By deriving the expressions of the transient current of power winding (PW), control winding (CW), and rotor winding (RW) of a BDFG in the complex frequency domain under a natural state, it was concluded that the overshoot and oscillation time are affected by the CW voltage, the drop degree and phase of the grid voltage, and the rotor speed. Therefore, an optimal control strategy is proposed. A state model with the CW current as the state variable was constructed using the Pontryagin minimum principle. The finite-time integral value of the square of the electromagnetic torque was set as the objective function to achieve the minimum value that could suppress the overshoot and oscillation of the electromagnetic torque, and the optimal CW voltage command value was directly solved to accelerate the convergence of the BDFG’s physical quantities, thereby reducing the amplitude. Finally, the feasibility of the optimal control algorithm was verified using tests on an experimental platform.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"34 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochromic Polymers: From Electrodeposition to Hybrid Solid Devices 电致变色聚合物：从电沉积到混合固体器件

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3390/en17010232

Hadarou Sare, D. Dong

{"title":"Electrochromic Polymers: From Electrodeposition to Hybrid Solid Devices","authors":"Hadarou Sare, D. Dong","doi":"10.3390/en17010232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010232","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the linear colorimetric and electrochromic (EC) characteristics of electrodeposited polyaniline (PANI) films. This paper also investigates the infrared EC properties of acid-doped PANI films. The electrochemical polymerization method was employed to create a porous and thin PANI film layer onto PET-ITO substrates. This layer was capped with WO3 film to create a gel electrolyte sandwich structure that demonstrates the compatibility of PANI films with cathodic WO3 films in full devices. The electrodeposition of the film was fabricated by applying different voltages and time, with the optimal film quality achieved with the 1.7 V voltage and a 20 min deposition period. The surface morphology, optical performance, electrochemical behavior, and molecular structure evolution are comprehensively studied in this work. The linear colorimetric behaviors and the corresponding significant changes in the structure in Raman spectra build direct strong quantitative relations in EC polymers. The well-defined oxidation and reduction peaks observed in the cyclic voltammetry indicate the ion-diffusion dominant process in the electrochromism of PANI. Significant transitions between the benzene and quinone phases in the Raman spectra are found in the bleached and colored states of polymers. This study enhances the understanding of PANI film structure and electrochemical and associated optical properties, providing more insights into the dual-function EC charge storage polymers and other energy-related functional materials.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"33 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Critical Review of the Environmental Performance of Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels 双面光伏电池板环境性能的严格审查

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010226

M. Maniscalco, S. Longo, Gabriele Miccichè, M. Cellura, Marco Ferraro

{"title":"A Critical Review of the Environmental Performance of Bifacial Photovoltaic Panels","authors":"M. Maniscalco, S. Longo, Gabriele Miccichè, M. Cellura, Marco Ferraro","doi":"10.3390/en17010226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010226","url":null,"abstract":"Bifacial photovoltaic (BPV) panels represent one of the main solar technologies that will be used in the near future for renewable energy production, with a foreseen market share in 2030 of 70% among all the photovoltaic (PV) technologies. Compared to monofacial panels, bifaciality can ensure a gain in energy production per unit panel area together with a competitive cost. However, it is of paramount importance to identify whether there is also an environmental benefit when adopting bifacial technologies as opposed to traditional monofacial ones. To obtain a proper insight into the environmental impact, this paper reviews the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of bifacial solar panels, identifying the most crucial processes and materials that raise environmental burdens. The analysis also contributes to determining whether the major aspects that influence energy production in real operation scenarios and, most of all, that can ensure the gain associated with bifaciality, are considered and how these can further affect the overall environmental impacts. In this sense, it was found that the installation parameters like the mounting structure, or the choice of ground material to raise the albedo as well as the diffuse irradiation that hits the rear surface of thepanel, are commonly not considered during LCA analysis. However, none of the analyzed studies address the issue in a comprehensive way, hampering an effective comparison between both the different works and traditional monofacial PV panels. Recommendations for future LCAs are finally proposed.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"122 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Market Dynamics of the International Liquefied Natural Gas Trade: A Multilevel Network Analysis 国际液化天然气贸易的时空演变和市场动态：多层次网络分析

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010228

Zeyu Hou, Xiaoyu Niu, Zhaoyuan Yu, Wei Chen

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Evolution and Market Dynamics of the International Liquefied Natural Gas Trade: A Multilevel Network Analysis","authors":"Zeyu Hou, Xiaoyu Niu, Zhaoyuan Yu, Wei Chen","doi":"10.3390/en17010228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010228","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas is considered a transitional energy source in the transition to clean energy owing to its clean, efficient, and ecologically beneficial properties. The trade of liquefied natural gas (LNG) serves as the backbone of the global natural gas trade and significantly influences the dynamics of the global energy trade system. This paper constructs long-term global LNG trade networks, and explores the spatiotemporal evolution and topological structures of the international LNG trade by utilizing multilevel network analysis methods, to provide insights for comprehensively understanding the market dynamics of the global LNG trade system. The findings indicate the following: (1) The global LNG trade volume shows an overall upward trend, and the global LNG trade network exhibits uneven spatial distribution, clear hierarchical differentiation, and an increasingly complicated structure. Global LNG trade is gradually changing from regionalization to globalization, and the international LNG market is undergoing structural reshaping. (2) The global LNG trade network continues to expand in size and density, and the rapidly growing LNG supply and trade relations are driving the formation of the global natural gas market. (3) Global LNG trade is still in a phase of rapid change, with the global efficiency of the network increasing and then decreasing. The trade network has traditionally been centered on ten countries, including Japan, South Korea, the United States, and Qatar. (4) The global LNG trade network exhibits clear core-periphery structures with considerable polarization effects, and the trade network structure is continuously evolving and is growing unbalanced. Finally, we put forward relevant policy suggestions to promote global LNG trade interconnectivity and enhance environmental protection and respond to global climate change.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":" 1263","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Collapse Phenomena Investigation in Automotive-Grade Power GaN Transistors 汽车级功率氮化镓晶体管中的电流崩溃现象研究

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010230

Alfio Basile, F. Scrimizzi, S. Rizzo

引用次数: 0

Using Carbon Sequestration as a Remote-Monitoring Approach for Reclamation’s Effectiveness in the Open Pit Coal Mine: A Case Study of Mae Moh, Thailand 将碳封存作为露天煤矿复垦效果的远程监测方法：泰国 Mae Moh 案例研究

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010231

K. Somprasong, Thitinan Hutayanon, Pirat Jaroonpattanapong

引用次数: 0

Integrating Statistical Simulation and Optimization for Redundancy Allocation in Smart Grid Infrastructure 智能电网基础设施冗余分配的统计模拟与优化相结合

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010225

B. Alidaee, Haibo Wang, Jun Huang, L. Sua

{"title":"Integrating Statistical Simulation and Optimization for Redundancy Allocation in Smart Grid Infrastructure","authors":"B. Alidaee, Haibo Wang, Jun Huang, L. Sua","doi":"10.3390/en17010225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010225","url":null,"abstract":"It is a critical issue to allocate redundancy to critical smart grid infrastructure for disaster recovery planning. In this study, a framework to combine statistical prediction methods and optimization models for the optimal redundancy allocation problem is presented. First, statistical simulation methods to identify critical nodes of very large-scale smart grid infrastructure based on the topological features of embedding networks are developed, and then a linear integer programming model based on generalized assignment problem (GAP) for the redundancy allocation of critical nodes in smart grid infrastructure is presented. This paper aims to contribute to the field by employing a general redundancy allocation problem (GRAP) model from high-order nonlinear to linear model transformation. The model is specifically implemented in the context of smart grid infrastructure. The innovative linear integer programming model proposed in this paper capitalizes on the logarithmic multiplication property to reframe the inherently nonlinear resource allocation problem (RAP) into a linearly separable function. This reformulation markedly streamlines the problem, enhancing its suitability for efficient and effective solutions. The findings demonstrate that the combined approach of statistical simulation and optimization effectively addresses the size limitations inherent in a sole optimization approach. Notably, the optimal solutions for redundancy allocation in large grid systems highlight that the cost of redundancy is only a fraction of the economic losses incurred due to weather-related outages.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and Analysis of a Step-Up Multi-Port Converter Applicable for Energy Conversion in Photovoltaic Battery Systems 设计和分析适用于光伏电池系统能量转换的升压型多端口转换器

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010223

Siyuan Shi, Song Xu, Wei Jiang, Seiji Hashimoto

引用次数: 0

OLTC Fault detection Based on Acoustic Emission and Supported by Machine Learning 基于声发射并辅以机器学习的有载分接开关故障检测

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/en17010220

Andrzej Cichoń, Michał Włodarz

{"title":"OLTC Fault detection Based on Acoustic Emission and Supported by Machine Learning","authors":"Andrzej Cichoń, Michał Włodarz","doi":"10.3390/en17010220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010220","url":null,"abstract":"Power transformers are an essential part of the power grid. They have a relatively low rate of failure, but removing the consequences is costly when it occurs. One of the elements of power transformers that are often the reason for shutting down the unit is the on-load tap changer (OLTC). Many methods have been developed to assess the technical condition of OLTCs. However, they require the transformer to be taken out of service for the duration of the diagnostics, or they do not enable precise diagnostics. Acoustic emission (AE) signals are widely used in industrial diagnostics. The generated signals are difficult to interpret for complex systems, so artificial intelligence tools are becoming more widely used to simplify the diagnostic process. This article presents the results of research on the possibility of creating an online OLTC diagnostics method based on AE signals. An extensive measurement database containing many frequently occurring OLTC defects was created for this research. A method of feature extraction from AE signals based on wavelet decomposition was developed. Several machine learning models were created to select the most effective one for classifying OLTC defects. The presented method achieved 96% efficiency in OLTC defect classification.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"42 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0