Energies最新文献

{"title":"Design of Cobalt-Free Ni-Rich Cathodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Electrochemical Li+/Na+ Exchange","authors":"Yao Lv, Liqiu Shi, Jianfeng Yu, Shifei Huang","doi":"10.3390/en18123205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123205","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium-ion batteries are renowned for their abundant reserves, cost-efficiency, safety, and eco-friendliness and are prime candidates for large-scale energy storage applications. The development of cathode materials plays a crucial role in shaping both the commercialization path and the ultimate performance capabilities of SIBs. To overcome the intricate synthesis challenges associated with pure-phase sodium-ion cathode materials, this study introduces an innovative and streamlined electrochemical Li+/Na+ exchange process, successfully fabricating a high-capacity Ni-rich cathode material. This cathode material boasts a remarkable reversible capacity of 180 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and retains a high-rate capacity of 115 mAh g−1 even at 5 C. Additionally, it exhibits exceptional cycling stability, retaining about 85% of its capacity at 1 C after 50 cycles and still maintaining a capacity greater than 60% after 100 cycles. The Na-NMA85 full cell preserves a discharge capacity of 110 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 80%. This research underscores innovative strategies for designing ion-intercalation-based cathode materials that enhance battery performance, providing fresh perspectives for advancing high-performance battery technologies.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 12","pages":"3205-3205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3205/pdf?version=1750307227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Bioavailability and Microbial Community on the Degradation of Atrazine in Sewage Sludge Biochar-Amended Soils","authors":"Siying Li, Xin Li, Yunyang Li, Yue Zhao","doi":"10.3390/en18123158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123158","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar, as an emerging biotechnology, has been widely used in the remediation of soil organic pollution, mainly by promoting the abundance of related degrading bacteria in soil. In this study, we explored the influence of sewage sludge biochars pyrolyzed at different temperatures of 300–700 °C (SSB300-SSB700) and addition rates (1% and 5%) on the atrazine biodegradation in soils. After a 21-day incubation, the application of 5% SSB300 significantly increased soil catalase (CAT), urease activity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and electrical conductivity (EC). However, biochar amendment exhibited inhibitory effects on atrazine degradation in soils. The atrazine degradation ratio decreased with decreasing pyrolysis temperature and increasing addition rates. Further analysis found that there were two possible reasons for the significant decline of atrazine biodegradation in SSB300 groups: (1) SSB300 demonstrated higher adsorption capacity for atrazine compared to SSB500 and SSB700 and reduced atrazine bioavailability due to its stronger hydrophobic nature and more abundant surface functional groups; and (2) the SSB300 significantly decreased the abundances of dominant atrazine-degraders (Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas) and atrazine-degrading genes (atzA, atzB, and trzN).","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 12","pages":"3158-3158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatic Dual-Layer Solvent-Free Cathodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Hang Guo, Chengrui Zhang, Yujie Ma, Ning Liu, Zhifeng Wang","doi":"10.3390/en18123112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123112","url":null,"abstract":"Slurry-cast (SLC) electrode manufacturing faces problems such as thickness limitation and material stratification, which are caused by applying toxic organic solvents. Solvent-free electrode technology, as a sustainable alternative, could get rid of issues generated by solvents. In this study, dual-layer NCM811 solvent-free electrodes (DLEs) are fabricated via an electrostatic powder deposition method with an active material-rich upper layer to provide high energy output, while the more binder–conductor content base layer improves conductivity and contact with current collectors. The dual-layered structure overwhelms the single-layer electrode (SE) with stable cycling performance caused by more regulated pore structures. DLE maintains 74% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.3 C, while the SLC shows only 60% capacity retention. Additionally, DLE shows excellent rate performance at various rates, with 207.3 mAh g−1, 193.9 mAh g−1, 173.9 mAh g−1, 157.3 mAh g−1, and 120.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 0.2 C, 0.5 C, 1.0 C, and 2.0 C, respectively. The well-designed DLE cathodes exhibit superior discharge-specific capacities, rate performance, and improved cycling stability than traditional SLC cathodes. It enlightens the path toward new structure innovations of solvent-free electrodes.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 12","pages":"3112-3112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3112/pdf?version=1749740907","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Mesopore Structural Parameters in Alumina Supports on Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol to Cycloalkanes via Ni-Supported Al2O3 Catalysts","authors":"Wen Huang, Chengyan Wen, Yi Su, Xinghua Zhang, Longlong Ma","doi":"10.3390/en18123044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18123044","url":null,"abstract":"The elevated oxygen content in lignin-derived oil restricts its direct application as a liquid fuel. Ni-based Al2O3 catalysts are commonly employed to enhance the quality of lignin-derived oil via the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. In this study, we successfully synthesized Ni-supported Al2O3 catalysts with diverse mesopore structural parameters of the Al2O3 support. Subsequently, we investigated the impacts of mesoporous size and volume on the HDO of guaiacol, a representative model compound of lignin-derived oil. The results indicate that optimizing the mesoporous size can enhance catalyst stability and significantly boost selectivity for cyclohexane. Moreover, an increase in the mesoporous volume can further improve the selectivity of cycloalkanes in the products. When the Ni/meso-Al2O3-F-100 catalyst was utilized, the cycloalkane selectivity reached 98.8%. During the upgrading of lignin-derived oil, the Ni/meso-Al2O3-F-200 catalyst, featuring a mesopore size of 4.07 nm and a mesopore volume of 0.286 cm3/g, exhibited outstanding performance. Notably, its selectivity for alkanes reached 65.9%, significantly higher than that of the commercial Ni/c-Al2O3 catalyst, which has a mesopore size of 3.83 nm and a mesopore volume of 0.184 cm3/g. This work offers valuable insights into the design of efficient and stable Ni-based Al2O3 catalysts for upgrading lignin-derived oil.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 12","pages":"3044-3044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/12/3044/pdf?version=1749462989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Pyrolysis of Typical Volatile Model Compounds Under Low Oxygen Equivalence Ratios During Oxidative Pyrolysis of Biomass","authors":"Liying Wang, Dan Lin, Dongjing Liu, Xing Xie, Shihong Zhang, Bin Li","doi":"10.3390/en18112996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112996","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the oxidative pyrolysis of biomass volatiles with a particular focus on the formation of liquid products. Furfural, hydroxyacetone, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde were chosen as volatile model compounds. The impacts of the oxygen equivalence ratio (ER, 0–15%) and temperature (400–500 °C) on the product composition and distribution were examined using a two-stage quartz-tube reactor. The results showed that volatile pyrolysis was limited at the lower temperature of 400 °C even with oxygen introduction, while it could be significantly promoted at 500 °C as illustrated by the observed great decrease in the GC-MS peak areas of the volatile compounds especially under an oxidative atmosphere. For instance, the peak area of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde at 500 °C under an ER of 4% was only ~9% of that at 400 °C. Oxygen introduction enhanced the volatile decomposition with the formation of mainly permanent gases (although not given in the study) rather than liquid products, but distinct impacts were obtained for varied volatile compounds possibly due to their different chemical structures and autoignition temperatures. From the perspective of liquid product formation, furfural would undergo the cleavage of C-C/C-O bonds to form linear intermediates and subsequent aromatization to generate aromatics (benzene and benzofuran). The presence of oxygen could enhance the oxidative destruction of the C-C/C-O bonds and the removal of O from the molecules to form simple aromatics such as benzene, phenol, and toluene. Hydroxyacetone mainly underwent C-C/C-O cleavage that was further enhanced in the presence of oxygen; the resultant intermediates would recombine to generate acetoin and 2,3-pentanedione. A higher ER would directly oxidize the alcoholic hydroxyl group (-OH) into an aldehyde group (-CHO) to form methyl glyoxal, while 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde mainly underwent cleavage and recombination of bonds connected with the benzene ring including aldehyde group (-CHO), CAr-O, CMethoxy-O bonds, thus forming 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, toluene, and 3-hydroxybenzadehyde. This study provides more fundamental insights into the homogeneous oxidation of volatiles during the oxidative fast pyrolysis of biomass, facilitating the deployment of this technology.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 11","pages":"2996-2996"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2996/pdf?version=1749179288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Bidding to Increase the Market Value of Variable Renewable Generators in New Electricity Market Designs","authors":"Hugo Algarvio, Vivian Sousa","doi":"10.3390/en18112848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112848","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity markets with a high share of variable renewable energy require significant balancing reserves to ensure stability by preserving the balance of supply and demand. However, they were originally conceived for dispatchable technologies, which operate with predictable and controllable generation. As a result, adapting market mechanisms to accommodate the characteristics of variable renewables is essential for enhancing grid reliability and efficiency. This work studies the strategic behavior of a wind power producer (WPP) in the Iberian electricity market (MIBEL) and the Portuguese balancing markets (BMs), where wind farms are economically responsible for deviations and do not have support schemes. In addition to exploring current market dynamics, the study proposes new market designs for the balancing markets, with separate procurement of upward and downward secondary balancing capacity, aligning with European Electricity Regulation guidelines. The difference between market designs considers that the wind farm can hourly bid in both (New 1) or only one (New 2) balancing direction. The study considers seven strategies (S1–S7) for the participation of a wind farm in the past (S1), actual (S2 and S3), New 1 (S4) and New 2 (S5–S7) market designs. The results demonstrate that new market designs can increase the wind market value by 2% compared to the optimal scenario and by 31% compared to the operational scenario. Among the tested approaches, New 2 delivers the best operational and economic outcomes. In S7, the wind farm achieves the lowest imbalance and curtailment while maintaining the same remuneration of S4. Additionally, the difference between the optimal and operational remuneration of the WPP under the New 2 design is only 22%, indicating that this design enables the WPP to achieve remuneration levels close to the optimal case.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 11","pages":"2848-2848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2848/pdf?version=1748597224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis on Carbon Mitigation by High-Temperature Lithium Adsorption Systems","authors":"Hong Du, Jiaqi Ruan, Yunlin Li, Changlei Qin","doi":"10.3390/en18112817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112817","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature adsorption is a promising technology for carbon mitigation, and it can be applied in direct carbon capture and the integration with utilization. Lithium-based adsorbents, known for their high CO2 uptake and rapid kinetics, have garnered significant interest. However, adsorption performance, cycling stability, and degradation behavior of this type of adsorbent are rarely reported and compared under comparable conditions. In this work, nine lithium-based adsorbents were synthesized and characterized for their physicochemical properties. Dynamic and isothermal thermogravimetric analysis were conducted to determine adsorption/desorption equilibrium temperatures, evaluate CO2 adsorption characteristics under varying thermal conditions, and assess cycling stability over 20 adsorption–desorption cycles. The results reveal exceptional initial CO2 capacities for α-Li5AlO4, Li5GaO4, Li5FeO4, and Li6ZnO4; however, these values decline to 30.2 wt.%, 24.3 wt.%, 41.6 wt.%, and 44.2 wt.% after cycling. In contrast, Li2CuO2 and Li4SiO4 exhibit lower initial capacities but possess superior cycling stability with final values of 21 wt.% and 21.6 wt.%. Phase composition and microstructural analysis identify lithium carbonate and metal oxides as primary products, and microstructural sintering was observed during cycling. This study could provide insights into the trade-offs between the initial capacity and cycling stability of lithium-based adsorbents, offering guidelines for adsorbent optimization through doping or pore engineering to advance high-temperature CO2 capture technologies.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 11","pages":"2817-2817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/11/2817/pdf?version=1748441382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147902897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Polyphenol-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators via pH-Modulated Rapid Synthesis of Tannic Acid–Metal Complexes","authors":"Zehao Fang, Xuefei Guan, Jingjing He","doi":"10.3390/en18092348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092348","url":null,"abstract":"Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are ideal for meeting the global demand for sustainable energy in energy harvesting and wearable electronics. While biomaterials like polysaccharides are well studied in TENGs, the potential of polyphenols and the role of phenolic groups in contact electrification remain underexplored. This study bridges the gap by using tannic acid (TA) to rapidly prepare TA-Fe3+ complex-coated particle films in 1.2 min. Analysis reveals that phenolic hydroxyl groups are strong electron donors, with Fe3+ enhancing electron affinity by restricting their mobility and lowering molecular orbital energy levels. Adjusting the pH to control complex states enables the regulation of triboelectric charging behavior between positive and negative. Investigations into film micromorphology and particle size further optimize performance, with the tris-complex exhibiting negative charging behavior achieving exceptional stability and a high charge density of 92.5 μC·m−2. Additionally, integrating biomaterials into bio-TENGs and exploring the film’s pH and ion sensitivity broaden its applications, demonstrating versatile properties. This study clarifies the triboelectric properties of phenolic groups and proposes methods to regulate charging behavior, offering novel insights for developing biomaterials in TENGs.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 9","pages":"2348-2348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2348/pdf?version=1746341794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Highly Efficient and Stable All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells in Atmosphere Environment","authors":"Yufan Jiang, Dongdong Deng, Jingjing Dong","doi":"10.3390/en18092162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092162","url":null,"abstract":"All-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites have significant potential for applications in the photovoltaic field. However, during their preparation, the slow evaporation rate of the precursor solution limits the extent of solution supersaturation, leading to porous perovskite films that substantially impair device performance. Anti-solvent engineering, which introduces a secondary solvent to modulate the crystallization process, is a well established technique in perovskite photovoltaic research. This study systematically examines the effects of four different anti-solvents on perovskite films and corresponding devices. It also investigates the optimal dipping-time of (trifluoromethyl)benzene as an anti-solvent, as well as the impact of varying amounts of anti-solvent additive perfluorinated acid. The optimized devices achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 12.68%.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 9","pages":"2162-2162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2162/pdf?version=1745413293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147882681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Research on Plasma Electrolytic Liquefaction of Microcrystalline Cellulose","authors":"Weidong Zhao, Wenjie Liu, Yi Sun, Junfeng Wang","doi":"10.3390/en18081956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081956","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient liquefaction of cellulose is a critical technological pathway for the energy utilization of biomass. This study constructed a plasma electrolytic liquefaction experimental system based on the principle of liquid phase surface arc discharge, systematically investigating the effects of operational parameters, including working voltage, catalyst dosage, solid–liquid ratio, and micro-arc polarity, on the liquefaction characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose. Experimental results demonstrated that under optimized conditions—anode micro-arc configuration, working voltage of 750 V, catalyst dosage of 1.44 g, and solid–liquid ratio of 6:38—the cellulose conversion rate reached 79.2%, with a liquefied product mass of 4.75 g. Mechanistic analysis revealed that high-energy electrons and hydrogen ions generated by plasma discharge synergistically act on the cleavage of cellulose molecular chains. Under the combined effects of the catalyst and plasma, cellulose molecules are depolymerized into small molecular compounds. Compared with traditional liquefaction processes, this technology exhibits significant advantages in reaction rate and energy efficiency, providing a novel technical route for the efficient conversion of biomass resources.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"18 8","pages":"1956-1956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1956/pdf?version=1744361502","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}