Energies最新文献_第3页

Flue Gas Recirculation System for Biomass Heating Boilers—Research and Technical Applications for Reductions in Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emissions 生物质供热锅炉烟气再循环系统--减少氮氧化物（NOx）排放的研究与技术应用

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010259

Bartosz Ciupek, Rafał Urbaniak, Dobrosława Kinalska, Z. Nadolny

{"title":"Flue Gas Recirculation System for Biomass Heating Boilers—Research and Technical Applications for Reductions in Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emissions","authors":"Bartosz Ciupek, Rafał Urbaniak, Dobrosława Kinalska, Z. Nadolny","doi":"10.3390/en17010259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010259","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the results of investigations of the change in thermal and emission-related parameters of a heating boiler fueled with biomass after a modification with a proprietary flue gas recirculation system made for this type of equipment. The results provide insight into the combustion process with a multistage flue gas recirculation that materially affected the boiler operation: a reduction in the mass concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by reducing the combustion temperature. The authors also observed a reduction in the emission of particulate matters (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO). For the investigations, the authors used a heating boiler fitted with an automatic fuel feed (timber pellets) and a proprietary patented flue gas recirculation system (Polish patent Pat. 243395) for low power solid fuel heating boilers. Aside from the measurement of the mass concentration of the emitted pollutants, the research focused on the measurements of the temperature inside the combustion chamber, the temperature of the flue gas and the level of oxygen in the flue gas. The aim of the research was to confirm the validity of using the flue gas recirculation technique to reduce emissions of harmful substances from biomass heating boilers, as a technique not previously used for this group of devices. Moreover, the aim of the research was to test an original engineering solution, in the form of a flue gas distribution valve, and investigate its effect on reducing NOx emissions and improving other thermal and emission parameters of the boiler. The obtained research results confirm the validity of the chosen actions and provide a positive premise for the practical use of this technology in solid fuel heating boilers.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decarbonizing Energy of a City: Identifying Barriers and Pathways 城市能源去碳化：确定障碍和途径

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010267

N. Hewitt

{"title":"Decarbonizing Energy of a City: Identifying Barriers and Pathways","authors":"N. Hewitt","doi":"10.3390/en17010267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010267","url":null,"abstract":"As researchers and ultimately deployers of energy decarbonisation solutions, we collectively see significant but often siloed efforts that in isolation may appear as an appropriate solution to an aspect of energy decarbonisation. However, when systemwide thinking is applied, a former attractive solution may become more challenging and, likewise, a less attractive silo may become more appropriate as part of an energy systemwide approach. Thus, the aim of this paper is to combine proposed energy decarbonisation concepts, e.g., electrification, hydrogen, biogas etc., with the status of the system in which they intend to operate, and then highlight the barriers, opportunities, and alternatives that may come into play when the whole system is taken into account. This is a hypothetical study using the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK as an example and reflects, in part, the city’s desire to decarbonise while enhancing its economic prosperity. The “system” is defined as the region boundaries, i.e., Northern Ireland will supply the energy (all or in part) to the city of Belfast. The methodology deployed here therefore is a framework of energy thinking that is the basis of such energy decarbonisation plans at a city-wide level.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thermal Performance of Lignocellulose’s By-Product Wallboards with Bio-Based Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials 使用生物基微胶囊相变材料的木质纤维素副产品墙板的热性能

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010257

Inga Zotova, S. Gendelis, Edgars Kirilovs, Dejan Štefanec

{"title":"Thermal Performance of Lignocellulose’s By-Product Wallboards with Bio-Based Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials","authors":"Inga Zotova, S. Gendelis, Edgars Kirilovs, Dejan Štefanec","doi":"10.3390/en17010257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010257","url":null,"abstract":"The growing availability and decreasing cost of microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) present an opportunity to develop innovative insulation materials for latent heat energy storage. By integrating PCMs with traditional insulation materials, it is possible to enhance the thermal capacity of a building by up to 2.5-times, virtually without increasing the building’s mass. To improve buildings’ indoor structural performance, as well as improving their energy performance, microencapsulated PCMs are integrated into wallboards. The integration of microencapsulated PCMs into the wallboard solves the PCM leakage problem and assures a good bond with the building materials to achieve better structural performance. The novelty of this research is the application of encapsulated phase change material dispersion and technology for its incorporation into the structure of hemp shives and longitudinally milled wood chip-based insulation boards, using cold pressing technology to reduce the energy consumption of board production. As a result, low-density insulation boards for indoor application were produced by varying their structure and the amount of phase change materials in the range of 5% to 15% by board mass. The obtained board prototypes can be used as microclimate and thermoregulation elements of interiors, as well as functional aesthetic elements of interior design.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"5 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Combined High Photovoltaic and Electric Vehicle Charging Penetration in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: A Case Study in Malta 评估低压配电网络中光伏发电和电动汽车充电的综合普及率：马耳他案例研究

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010263

Brian Azzopardi, Y. Gabdullin

{"title":"Assessing Combined High Photovoltaic and Electric Vehicle Charging Penetration in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: A Case Study in Malta","authors":"Brian Azzopardi, Y. Gabdullin","doi":"10.3390/en17010263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010263","url":null,"abstract":"High Photovoltaic (PV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Penetration challenges the grid’s Low-Voltage (LV) Distribution Network’s stability due to voltage variations and the overloading of feeders. This research paper investigates the potential of combined PV and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging integration within LV DN, using a representative DN in Malta as a case study. The European Union (EU) has set forth objectives and guidelines that suggest a high likelihood of Distributed Networks (DNs) incorporating a significant number of Photovoltaic Systems (PVs), resulting in overvoltage occurrences, as well as a substantial number of Electric Vehicles (EVs), which may charge in an erratic manner, leading to undervoltage and overloading events. A distribution network (DN) may experience unfavorable situations concurrently due to the simultaneous occurrence of photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicle (EV) charging, particularly in residential case studies. Effectively employing either dispersed or centralized storage is a viable approach to tackle these issues. However, this strategy may defer the requirement for expensive DN investments. The study showcases the extent of automated mitigation attained in the urban zones of Malta. The data presented primarily comprises empirical measurements obtained at the onset of the LV feeder.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"27 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study of Evaporation Characteristics of Acoustically Levitated Fuel Droplets at High Temperatures 高温下声悬浮燃料液滴蒸发特性的实验研究

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010271

Bin Pang, Guangcan Yang, Xiaoxin Liu, Yu Huang, Wanli Li, Yongqing He, Zhongyuan Shi, Zhaochu Yang, Tao Dong

引用次数: 0

Exploring the User Adoption Mechanism of Green Transportation Services in the Context of the Electricity–Carbon Market Synergy 探索电力-碳市场协同背景下绿色交通服务的用户采纳机制

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010274

Dong Pan, Bao Wang, Jun Li, Fei Wu

{"title":"Exploring the User Adoption Mechanism of Green Transportation Services in the Context of the Electricity–Carbon Market Synergy","authors":"Dong Pan, Bao Wang, Jun Li, Fei Wu","doi":"10.3390/en17010274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010274","url":null,"abstract":"Promoting green transportation development in the context of electric–carbon market synergy can help promote sustainable transport and tackle climate change. The sharing economy has given rise to innovative and successful business models in recent years. To occupy current and potential markets, many enterprises that participate in sharing economy activities have engaged in a fiercely competitive environment. It is an important way for enterprises to generate profits and improve competitiveness by encouraging consumers’ continuous consumption or stimulating repurchase intentions. This study investigates the effects of consumer satisfaction on consumer repurchase intention (CRI) and how such effects are moderated by the consumer’s risk perception and sustainability awareness in the case of ride-sharing services, which are viewed as a mode of green transportation service. The results of a survey of 358 Chinese consumers who have used ride-sharing services suggest that transaction-based and experience-based satisfaction have positive and significant effects on the CRI of ride-sharing services. Moreover, the results indicate that consumer risk perception negatively moderates the relationships between satisfaction and CRI, while consumer sustainability awareness plays different roles depending on the type of satisfaction (transaction-based versus experience-based). Finally, implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Weather Forecast Control for Heating of Multi-Family Buildings in Comparison with Feedback and Feedforward Control 多户建筑供暖的天气预报控制与反馈和前馈控制的比较

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010261

Daniel Olsson, Peter Filipsson, Anders Trüschel

{"title":"Weather Forecast Control for Heating of Multi-Family Buildings in Comparison with Feedback and Feedforward Control","authors":"Daniel Olsson, Peter Filipsson, Anders Trüschel","doi":"10.3390/en17010261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010261","url":null,"abstract":"Our joint environmental and energy commitments mean we must reduce the building’s energy use. Improved central heating control can play a role in how this is accomplished. There are three common control strategies: feedforward (traditional), feedback, and model predictive control (MPC). The latter two often work in parallel, where feedback uses indoor temperature sensors to adjust the supply water temperature. In contrast, the supply temperature setpoint is continuously calculated in MPC, fed with weather forecasts. The weather forecasts are often highlighted as essential ingredients in MPC, but at the same time, it is emphasized that temperature sensors are used to ensure a pleasant indoor temperature. To an outside observer, it is difficult to determine what is what in such combined control arrangements. Is energy saved because of the room sensors or because of the model? And what role do the weather forecasts play? This study quantifies the impact of the control strategy on energy use and indoor temperature. It concludes that PI-based feedback heating control saves approximately as much energy as MPC, and weather forecasts do not save significantly more energy than real-time weather data but are easier to obtain. The overall results for both control strategies align with the lower end of the result ranges of previous studies. The novelty is that the impact of weather forecasts has been studied separately and that different control strategies are compared against each other based on a model of a typical Swedish multi-family building.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Energy Storage Capacity Configuration Method for a Provincial Power System Considering Flexible Adjustment of the Tie-Line 考虑纽带线路灵活调整的省级电力系统储能容量配置方法

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010270

Bing Sun, Zheng Zhang, Jing Hu, Zihan Meng, Bibin Huang, Nana Li

{"title":"An Energy Storage Capacity Configuration Method for a Provincial Power System Considering Flexible Adjustment of the Tie-Line","authors":"Bing Sun, Zheng Zhang, Jing Hu, Zihan Meng, Bibin Huang, Nana Li","doi":"10.3390/en17010270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010270","url":null,"abstract":"A high proportion of renewable generators are widely integrated into the power system. Due to the output uncertainty of renewable energy, the demand for flexible resources is greatly increased in order to meet the real-time balance of the system. But the investment cost of flexible resources, such as energy storage equipment, is still high. It is necessary to propose a method for determining the capacity of energy storage scientifically. An optimization and planning method of energy storage capacity is proposed. It is characterized by determining the optimal capacity of energy storage by carrying out 8760 hours of time series simulation for a provincial power grid with energy storage. Firstly, the current situation of power supply and demand for provincial power grids is analyzed. The difficulty of realizing a power balance at different time scales is analyzed. Then, the source load balancing solutions at different time scales are proposed. The difficulty of a long-term power balance can be alleviated by flexibly adjusting the power on the tie-line of the provincial power grid. And the difficulty of a short-term power balance can be met through energy storage. In addition, an optimal planning model of an energy storage system is established with the power supply cost as the objective function. The optimal capacity of the energy storage is determined by comparing the objective function of different planning schemes. Finally, a case study is carried out. It is found that flexible adjustment of interprovincial interconnection lines can reduce the maximum demand for electricity from 8.439 billion kWh to 2.299 billion kWh. At the same time, the curtailment ratio of renewable electricity can be decreased from 12.6% to 5.0% by using energy storage. However, the average power supply cost of the system gradually increases from 0.307 CNY/kWh to 0.485 CNY/kWh. It is necessary to fully tap into the various values of energy storage equipment.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"32 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen Storage System Attained by HCOOH-CO2 Couple: Recent Developments in Pd-Based Carbon-Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts 通过 HCOOH-CO2 偶联物实现的储氢系统：钯基碳支撑异质催化剂的最新进展

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010260

Paula Riquelme-García, M. Navlani-García, D. Cazorla-Amorós

{"title":"Hydrogen Storage System Attained by HCOOH-CO2 Couple: Recent Developments in Pd-Based Carbon-Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts","authors":"Paula Riquelme-García, M. Navlani-García, D. Cazorla-Amorós","doi":"10.3390/en17010260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010260","url":null,"abstract":"The present review revisits representative studies addressing the development of efficient Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for two important reactions, namely, the production of hydrogen from formic acid and the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide into formic acid. The HCOOH-CO2 system is considered a promising couple for a hydrogen storage system involving an ideal carbon-neutral cycle. Significant advancements have been achieved in the catalysts designed to catalyze the dehydrogenation of formic acid under mild reaction conditions, while much effort is still needed to catalyze the challenging CO2 hydrogenation reaction. The design of Pd-based carbon-supported heterogeneous catalysts for these reactions encompasses both the modulation of the properties of the active phase (particle size, composition, and electronic properties) and the modification of the supports by means of the incorporation of nitrogen functional groups. These approaches are herein summarized to provide a compilation of the strategies followed in recent studies and to set the basis for a hydrogen storage system attained using the HCOOH-CO2 couple.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"52 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engine’s Energy Parameter Research Using Variable (HVO) Biodiesel and Biobutanol Fuel Blends 使用可变 (HVO) 生物柴油和生物丁醇混合燃料的压燃式内燃机能量参数研究

IF 3.2 4区工程技术

Energies Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/en17010262

Gintaras Valeika, J. Matijošius, O. Orynycz, Alfredas Rimkus, A. Kilikevičius, K. Tucki

{"title":"Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engine’s Energy Parameter Research Using Variable (HVO) Biodiesel and Biobutanol Fuel Blends","authors":"Gintaras Valeika, J. Matijošius, O. Orynycz, Alfredas Rimkus, A. Kilikevičius, K. Tucki","doi":"10.3390/en17010262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010262","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of different biofuels, such as pure hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, and biobutanol, as well as their blends, on the non-energetic operational characteristics of a compression ignition internal combustion engine. The research investigations were conducted using a turbocharged direct injection compression ignition engine that was put within a Skoda Octavia 1.9 TDI automobile. Throughout the investigation, the primary emphasis was placed on analyzing energy characteristics such as power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and other related factors. The analysis involved the utilization of multiple combinations of bio-based fuels, namely four mixes of HVO with biobutanol (HVO100, HVOB5, HVOB10, and HVOB20), which were subsequently compared to fossil diesel (D100). The findings of the study indicate that the utilization of HVO100 fuel results in notable reductions in power output and mass fraction when compared to D100 gasoline. HVO100 fuel demonstrates superior performance to D100 gasoline, exhibiting a range of 1.7% to 28% improvement in brake-specific fuel consumption. Additionally, at an engine speed of 4500 rpm, the use of HVO100 fuel leads to a decrease in brake thermal efficiency of 4.4%.","PeriodicalId":11557,"journal":{"name":"Energies","volume":"51 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0