Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)最新文献_第4页

Measuring Changes in the Bilateral Technology Gaps between China, India and the U.S. 1979 - 2008 测量1979 - 2008年中国、印度和美国双边技术差距的变化

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/W21657

Keting Shen, Jing Wang, J. Whalley

{"title":"Measuring Changes in the Bilateral Technology Gaps between China, India and the U.S. 1979 - 2008","authors":"Keting Shen, Jing Wang, J. Whalley","doi":"10.3386/W21657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W21657","url":null,"abstract":"Popular literature suggests a rapid narrowing of the technology gap between China and the U.S. based on large percentage increases in Chinese patent applications, and equally large increases in college registrants and completed PhDs (especially in sciences) in China in recent years. Little literature attempts to measure the technology gap directly using estimates of country aggregate technologies. This gap is usually thought to be smaller than differences in GDP per capita since the later reflect both differing factor endowments and technology parameters. This paper assesses changes in China’s technology gaps both with the U.S. and India between 1979 and 2008, comparing the technology level of these economies using a CES production framework in which the technology gap is reflected in the change of technology parameters. Our measure is related to but differs from the Malmquist index. We determine the parameter values for country technology by using calibration procedures. Our calculations suggest that the technology gap between China and the U.S. is significantly larger than that between India and the U.S. for the period before 2008. The pairwise gaps between the U.S. and China, and the U.S. and India remain large while narrowing at a slower rate than GDP per worker. Although China has a higher growth rate of total factor productivity than India over the period, the bilateral technology gap between China and India is still in India’s favor. India had higher income per worker than China in the 1970’s, and China’s much more rapid physical and human capital accumulation has allowed China to move ahead, but a bilateral technology gap remains.","PeriodicalId":115451,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127792587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Cheap Talk, Round Numbers, and the Economics of Negotiation 廉价谈话，整数和谈判经济学

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.3386/W21285

M. Backus, Thomas Blake, S. Tadelis

引用次数: 20

Procuring Firm Growth: The Effects of Government Purchases on Firm Dynamics 采购企业成长:政府采购对企业动态的影响

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/W21219

C. Ferraz, Frederico Finan, D. Szerman

引用次数: 85

The Facts of Economic Growth 经济增长的事实

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/BS.HESMAC.2016.03.002

C. I. Jones

引用次数: 296

Financial Accelerator at Work: Evidence from Corn Fields 金融加速器在工作:来自玉米田的证据

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-04-01 DOI: 10.3386/w21086

Nittai K. Bergman, Rajkamal Iyer, Richard T. Thakor

引用次数: 3

Poisedness and Propagation: Organizational Emergence and the Transformation of Civic Order in 19th-Century New York City 从容与传播:19世纪纽约市的组织涌现与公民秩序的转变

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/w21011

Victoria Johnson, W. Powell

{"title":"Poisedness and Propagation: Organizational Emergence and the Transformation of Civic Order in 19th-Century New York City","authors":"Victoria Johnson, W. Powell","doi":"10.3386/w21011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w21011","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of novelty, especially of new categories of people and organizations, is undertheorized in the social sciences. Some social worlds are more hospitable to novel introductions or exogenous perturbations than others. Explaining this relative \"poisedness\" is essential to understanding when and why new organizational forms appear, persist, and expand, both cognitively and geographically. We offer a comparative analysis of two cases of emergence in 19th-century New York City that examines the conditions under which a new organizational form - a research-intensive botanical garden - developed and took root. We show that social worlds are highly poised when environmental, intellectual, and civic factors have reinforcing consequences. Poisedness is amplified when the social character of the individuals produced by specific historical milieux attunes these innovators to the larger social and material processes that favor the creation of new modes of organization. Although our analysis of poisedness is fixed on a specific time and place, New York City over the course of the 19th century, our arguments about the emergence of new organizational forms apply readily to other settings and time periods.","PeriodicalId":115451,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121928575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Mark-Up and Cost Dispersion Across Firms: Direct Evidence from Producer Surveys in Pakistan 加价和成本分散:来自巴基斯坦生产商调查的直接证据

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.P20151050

D. Atkin, A. Chaudhry, Shamyla Chaudry, A. Khandelwal, E. Verhoogen

引用次数: 55

The Risky Capital of Emerging Markets 新兴市场的风险资本

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.3386/W20769

J. David, Espen Henriksen, Ina Simonovska

引用次数: 29

Foreign Stem Workers and Native Wages and Employment in U.S. Cities 外国科技工作者与美国城市的本地工资和就业

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-05-01 DOI: 10.3386/W20093

G. Peri, Kevin Shih, Chad Sparber

{"title":"Foreign Stem Workers and Native Wages and Employment in U.S. Cities","authors":"G. Peri, Kevin Shih, Chad Sparber","doi":"10.3386/W20093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W20093","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists, Technology professionals, Engineers, and Mathematicians (STEM workers) are fundamental inputs in scientific innovation and technological adoption, the main drivers of productivity growth in the U.S. In this paper we identify the effect of STEM worker growth on the wages and employment of college and non-college educated native workers in 219 U.S. cities from 1990 to 2010. In order to identify a supply-driven and heterogeneous increase in STEM workers across U.S. cities, we use the distribution of foreign-born STEM workers in 1980 and exploit the introduction and variation of the H-1B visa program granting entry to foreign-born college educated (mainly STEM) workers. We find that H-1B-driven increases in STEM workers in a city were associated with significant increases in wages paid to college educated natives. Wage increases for non-college educated natives are smaller but still significant. We do not find significant effects on employment. We also find that STEM workers increased housing rents for college graduates, which eroded part of their wage gains. Together, these results imply a significant effect of foreign STEM on total factor productivity growth in the average US city between 1990 and 2010.","PeriodicalId":115451,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117172412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

The Impact of Venture Capital Monitoring 风险投资监控的影响

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-04-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2341329

Shai Bernstein, Xavier Giroud, Richard R. Townsend

引用次数: 260