Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)最新文献_第5页

The (Changing) Knowledge Production Function: Evidence from the Mit Department of Biology for 1970-2000 (变化的)知识生产函数:麻省理工学院生物系1970-2000年的证据

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-04-01 DOI: 10.7208/9780226286860-004

A. Conti, Christopher C. Liu

{"title":"The (Changing) Knowledge Production Function: Evidence from the Mit Department of Biology for 1970-2000","authors":"A. Conti, Christopher C. Liu","doi":"10.7208/9780226286860-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226286860-004","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable attention has been focused, in recent years, on the role that graduate and postdoc students play in the production of academic knowledge. Using data from the MIT Department of Biology for the period 1970-2000, we analyze the evolution over time of four fundamental aspects of their productivity: i) training duration; ii) time to a first publication; iii) productivity over the training period; and iv) collaboration with other scientists. We identified four main trends that are common to graduate students and postdocs. First, training periods have increased for later cohorts of graduate and postdoc students. Second, later cohorts tend to publish their initial first-author article later than the earlier cohorts. Third, they produce fewer first-author publications. Finally, collaborations with other scientists, as measured by the number of coauthors on a paper, have increased. This increase is driven by collaborations with scientists external to a trainee's laboratory. We interpret these results in light of the following two paradigms: the increased burden of knowledge that later generations of scientists face and the limited availability of permanent academic positions.","PeriodicalId":115451,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130298754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Trapped Factors and China&Apos;S Impact on Global Growth 受困因素与中国对全球经济增长的影响

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W19951

N. Bloom, P. Romer, S. Terry, J. Van Reenen

引用次数: 36

Why and Wherefore of Increased Scientific Collaboration 科学合作增加的原因和原因

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.3386/W19819

R. Freeman, Ina Ganguli, Raviv Murciano-Goroff

{"title":"Why and Wherefore of Increased Scientific Collaboration","authors":"R. Freeman, Ina Ganguli, Raviv Murciano-Goroff","doi":"10.3386/W19819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W19819","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines international and domestic collaborations using data from an original survey of corresponding authors and Web of Science data of articles that had at least one US coauthor in the fields of Particle and Field Physics, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology. The data allow us to investigate the connections among coauthors and the views of corresponding authors about the collaboration. We have four main findings. First, we find that US collaborations have increased across US cities as well as across international borders, with the nature of collaborations across cities resembling that across countries. Second, face-to-face meetings are important in collaborations: most collaborators first met working in the same institution and communicate often through meetings with coauthors from distant locations. Third, the main reason for most collaborations is to combine the specialized knowledge and skills of coauthors, but there are substantial differences in the mode of collaborations between small lab-based science and big science, where international collaborations are more prevalent. Fourth, for biotech, we find that citations to international papers are higher compared to papers with domestic collaborators only, but not for the other two fields. Moreover, in all three fields, papers with the same number of coauthors had lower citations if they were international collaborations. Overall, our findings suggest that all collaborations are best viewed from a framework of collaborations across space broadly, rather than in terms of international as opposed to domestic collaborative activity.","PeriodicalId":115451,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128661803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62

Calculating Disease-Based Medical Care Expenditure Indexes for Medicare Beneficiaries: A Comparison of Method and Data Choices 医疗保险受益人基于疾病的医疗支出指标的计算:方法与数据选择的比较

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226530994.003.0005

A. Hall, A. Hall, Tina Highfill

{"title":"Calculating Disease-Based Medical Care Expenditure Indexes for Medicare Beneficiaries: A Comparison of Method and Data Choices","authors":"A. Hall, A. Hall, Tina Highfill","doi":"10.7208/chicago/9780226530994.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226530994.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Disease‐based medical care expenditure indexes are currently of interest to measurement economists and have been the subject of several recent papers. These papers, however, produced widely different results for medical care inflation and also varied in the datasets and methods used, making comparison difficult. In this paper, using two data sources and two different methods for calculating expenditure indexes for the Medicare population, we compare the indexes produced and establish some results that will help guide policymakers in choosing indexes for this population. We compare two methods: the primary diagnosis method and a regression‐based method. The former is preferable because of its transparency but makes stringent demands of the data. We find that when the methods are applied to the same datasets, the primary diagnosis method produces higher average annual aggregate growth rates. The difference implies that the regression‐based method should therefore be employed with caution and only when necessary. We also compare medical care expenditure indexes produced from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. The MEPS is the only dataset with diagnoses attached to drug events, which significantly affects the resulting indexes. On balance, however, the MCBS is probably the preferable dataset for Medicare beneficiaries because of its greater sample size and its inclusion of nursing home residents. The optimal index may be a hybrid of the primary diagnosis method applied to Medicare claims and a regression‐based index for pharmaceutical spending. We discuss further avenues for research, such as comparing our results with indexes created with commercial groupers, and what data to use for Medicare private plan enrollees.","PeriodicalId":115451,"journal":{"name":"Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127826446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

If Technology Has Arrived Everywhere, Why Has Income Diverged? 如果技术无处不在，为什么收入分化?

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/MAC.20150175

D. Comín, Martí Mestieri

引用次数: 176

Price Indexes for Clinical Trial Research: A Feasibility Study 临床试验研究价格指标的可行性研究

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W18918

E. Berndt, I. Cockburn

引用次数: 35

Does Working from Home Work? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment 在家工作行得通吗?来自中国实验的证据

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.3386/W18871

N. Bloom, J. Beaulieu, James Liang, Donald John Roberts, Z. Ying

引用次数: 1063

Incomplete Contracts and the Internal Organization of Firms 不完全契约与企业内部组织

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.3386/W18842

P. Aghion, N. Bloom, J. Van Reenen

引用次数: 99

Managing Licensing in a Market for Technology 技术市场中的许可管理

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.3386/W18203

A. Arora, Andrea Fosfuri, T. Rønde

引用次数: 84

Really Uncertain Business Cycles 不确定的商业周期

Kauffman: Large Research Projects - NBER (Topic) Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2423516

N. Bloom, Max Floetotto, Nir Jaimovich, Itay Saporta Eksten, S. Terry

引用次数: 1350