Emerging Contaminants最新文献

{"title":"Synthetic Microplastics in UK tap and bottled water; Implications for human exposure","authors":"Muneera Al-Mansoori,&nbsp;Mia Stephenson,&nbsp;Stuart Harrad,&nbsp;Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is increasing concern for public health over inadvertent human exposure to MPs due to potential adverse health effects linked to MPs polymeric composition, toxic chemical additives, and/or harmful microorganisms adsorbing onto their surfaces. While numerous studies have reported MPs occurrence and risk in the freshwater aquatic environment and drinking water sources (e.g., rivers, lakes, and reservoirs), the current state-of-knowledge on MPs pollution in drinking water (i.e., tap water and bottled water) remains limited at a global level. This paper provides the first comprehensive study of the occurrence, concentrations, size distribution, shape, and polymer type of MPs in 177 tap water samples from 13 cities in the United Kingdom, as well as 85 samples of bottled water from 17 popular brands, with various packaging materials, on the UK market.</div><div>MPs were detected in all tap water samples (range 6–100 MP/L) and bottled water samples (range 12–62 MP/L). Average MPs concentration in tap water (40 ± 16 MP/L) was statistically indistinguishable from that in bottled water (37 ± 11 MP/L). However, the average MPs particle size in tap water (32.4 μm) exceeded significantly (p &lt; 0.05) that in bottled water (26.5 μm), indicating the various purification processes applied to bottled water may help remove larger MPs, but raises concern over the potential adverse health effects from exposure to smaller MPs. The most frequently detected polymer types were: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in tap water, and PE, PP and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in bottled water. A strong correlation was observed (<em>r</em> = 0.68, <em>P</em> = 0.049) between the plastic cap material (PE) and the predominant polymer type in the bottled water. In terms of morphology, fragments and fibres were the most abundant MPs, together constituting 92 % and 96 % of MPs detected in tap and bottled water samples, respectively.</div><div>Using EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) recommended daily water intakes, the corresponding exposures to MPs in different UK age groups were estimated. On a body weight (BW) basis, infants and toddlers were exposed (4 <em>MP/kg BW/day</em>) at a higher level than adults (1 <em>MP/kg BW/day</em>). This raises concern, given the former's incompletely developed immune/nervous systems rendering them at higher risk of adverse health effects from such exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic efficacy of pyrite in the degradation of antiretroviral drugs: Biomphalaria glabrata as a bioindicator of toxic and genotoxic effects","authors":"Fernanda Sobreira Silva ,&nbsp;Maíra de Vasconcelos Lima ,&nbsp;Dewson Rocha Pereira ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo ,&nbsp;Jorge Vinícius Fernandes Lima Cavalcanti ,&nbsp;Ramón Raudel Peña Garcia ,&nbsp;Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena ,&nbsp;Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz ,&nbsp;Fernanda Araújo Honorato ,&nbsp;Daniella Carla Napoleão","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population growth and the increase in the consumption of different pharmaceuticals combined with the insufficiency in the removal of these compounds by conventional treatments have contributed to the increase in the detection of these contaminants in aquatic matrices. Aiming to contribute in solving this problem, this promoted the degradation of a mixture of the drugs lamivudine and zidovudine in different matrices (aqueous solution and synthetic effluent) using the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process applying pyrite as a catalyst and artificial solar radiation. At the end of the treatment, degradations greater than 99 % were found for zidovudine in both matrices studied, while for lamivudine, 97 % and 94 % degradations were obtained for aqueous solution and synthetic effluent, in that order. In the investigation of toxic effects using <em>Biomphalaria glabrata</em> molluscs, embryotoxicity tests showed embryonic lethality in 100 % of individuals for all samples. Acute toxicity tests on adult molluscs resulted in mortality rates of 100 % (aqueous solution after treatment) and 50 % (synthetic effluent after treatment). Thus, to investigate cellular changes, genotoxicity analyses were carried out, and different degrees of DNA damage were observed, however, the highest level of damage to this organism was not observed. Therefore, <em>B. glabrata</em> demonstrated to be sensitive to toxic effects at the concentrations present in the matrices studied, providing evidence to predict the ecotoxicological potential of samples when released into aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin combination disrupts sonic hedgehog signaling and associated regulatory molecules, leading to congenital eye defects in chick embryos","authors":"Shashikant Sharma ,&nbsp;Juhi Vaishnav ,&nbsp;Pooja Raval ,&nbsp;Suresh Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are reported to be teratogenic for non-target species. Our studies have unraveled the teratogenicity of 50 % Chlorpyrifos &amp; 5 % Cypermethrin combination (Ci) in developing chick embryos. A sub-lethal dose of this combination when administered to chick embryos, caused several developmental anomalies, with defects in eye development being frequent. Eye development begins at an early embryonic stage, with Sonic hedgehog (Shh) serving as a crucial signaling molecule. Shh plays a pivotal role in the early development of multiple organs, including the eye, by interacting with Pax6 and other regulatory molecules to guide the proper patterning of the eye. Thus, we hypothesized that Ci administration may lead to alteration in <em>Shh</em> expression which subsequently hampers downstream signaling molecules potentially contributing to congenital eye defects. Morphological, anatomical, histological, transcriptional and protein level analyses at various stages (Days 1,2,4 and 10) were carried out to evaluate the hypothesis. The results revealed a remarkable alteration of key regulators in treated embryos compared to control, providing insights into plausible causative mechanisms underlying Ci-induced congenital eye defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effects of imidacloprid exposure on the microbiota of Binodoxys communis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and gene expression","authors":"Qiqing Yu ,&nbsp;Weijiao Liu ,&nbsp;Likang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiangzhen Zhu ,&nbsp;Punniyakotti Elumalai ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Kaixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongyang Li ,&nbsp;Jichao Ji ,&nbsp;Liang Jin ,&nbsp;Junyu Luo ,&nbsp;Jinjie Cui ,&nbsp;Xueke Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidacloprid is a potent neonicotinoid insecticide that exerts control over cotton aphids. <em>Binodoxys communis</em> is the predominant parasitic threat to cotton aphids, serving as a crucial biological means to control cotton aphids. Imidacloprid has been Sprayed to control cotton aphids, but it also causes toxic effects on the natural enemies of cotton aphids, such as parasitic wasps, <em>Binodoxys communis</em>. However, the sublethal impact of imidacloprid on parasitic antagonists has remained unclear. This study sought to investigate the sublethal effects of imidacloprid on <em>B. communis</em> at the biological phenotype and transcriptional level, as well as the impact of imidacloprid on the microbial composition in the <em>B. communis</em>. Our research indicated that the sublethal dosages of imidacloprid imparted significant biologic adverse impacts on <em>B. communis</em>, including extended larval and pupal stages, as well as reduced parasitism and emergence rates. Following treatment with imidacloprid, transcriptomic analysis identified 1263 significantly differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were predominantly annotated in metabolic routes, and the annotated genes mainly belong to the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the carbon metabolism pathway, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed significant changes in the composition of the microbial community in <em>B. communis</em> after exposure to imidacloprid. A total of 14 bacteria exhibiting the highest abundance in parasitic wasps were found, and the microbiota abundance of <em>Akkermansia</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Streptomyces</em>, <em>Helicobacter</em>, and <em>Prevotellaceae UCG_001</em> was noticeably reduced, while <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Escherichia Shigella</em>, <em>Ligilactobacillus</em>, <em>Lachnospiraceae</em>, <em>Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group</em>, E<em>rysipelatoclostridium</em>, <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Aquabacterium</em> were significantly elevated. By evaluating the enrichment pathways of microbial functions, it was found that the microbial functions with significant changes in proportion were mainly annotated to the carbon, fatty acid, and amino acid (aa) metabolic pathways, which was consistent with the transcriptome sequencing results. This finding mirrored transcriptome analysis results. According to transcriptomics analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing data, imidacloprid limits changes in metabolic pathways of <em>B. communis</em>, including fatty acid metabolism, impacting the development and parasitic competence of <em>B. communis</em>. Accordingly, the gene expression linked to detoxification and the cytochrome P450 gene family was significantly elevated at 1 h and significantly declined after three days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric exploration of green synthesized silver nanoparticles for antibacterial activity","authors":"Abdulrahman Sani Aliero ,&nbsp;Siti Halimah Hasmoni ,&nbsp;Abdurrashid Haruna ,&nbsp;Mustapha Isah ,&nbsp;Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Malek ,&nbsp;Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) is a promising, sustainable approach that converts plant biomass into valuable biocompatible antibacterial agents, providing sustainable solutions to mitigate toxic and hazardous chemicals. This review aims to examine the relationship among cited, citing publications, present themes and emerging research trends based on these selective keywords “green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity from 2007 to 2023”. The bibliographic data was retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database on July 02, 2023, yielding 1041 documents. Inclusion criteria were based on (Topic) which includes titles, abstract, keyword plus and author keywords. Document type (Articles), publication year (2007–2023) and language (English). Review articles, proceeding papers and book chapters were excluded. The bibliometric analysis employed science mapping techniques, including co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence analysis of keywords, using the VOSviewer software. The findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the synthesis and antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs, as well as the importance of optimizing the synthesis process to enhance production efficiency and stability while minimizing the use of toxic substances. The analysis identifies main keywords for future research, such as “leaf extracts”, “antioxidant activity”, “anticancer activity”, “in-vitro studies”, “metallic oxide nanoparticles”, and “zinc oxide nanoparticles”. These science mapping techniques provide a comprehensive overview of the thematic and intellectual landscape of the field. By utilizing co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling, and co-word analysis, researchers can uncover core themes, emerging trends, and interconnections within the literature, offering a clearer understanding of the field's development and focus areas. Articles with higher total link strength indicate their influential nature and highly valued research content. Ultimately, our findings provide both theoretical and practical insights into the green synthesis of AgNPs using various plant extracts and their antibacterial properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001124/pdfft?md5=5654741a256a7a6013ed3206f1e744d7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001124-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence characteristics, source analysis and ecological risk of PFASs in different cultivated soil at an urban scale in Yangtze River Basin","authors":"Jianchao Liu ,&nbsp;Yinuo Xie ,&nbsp;Jinghua Ren ,&nbsp;Lei Han ,&nbsp;Chenyang Jing ,&nbsp;Guanghua Lu ,&nbsp;Jun Hou ,&nbsp;Wenliang Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs) contaminates the arable soil through multiple paths, and poses a threat to both farmland ecosystems and human health. In this study, the potential sources and distribution characteristics of 12 legacy PFASs in the soil and rivers for irrigation purposes were investigated in farmland systems, and the risks posed by PFASs to earthworm and aquatic organisms were also assessed. Based on field investigations in Yangtze River Basin, we found long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the major contaminants in arable soil and rivers for irrigation purposes, with PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic acid) being the most dominant monomer. Concentration levels of PFASs in arable soil were strongly related to land use types, the average concentration of PFASs (341.18 ± 600.19 ng/g) in the paddy fields was 100-fold higher than that of dry fields (3.79 ± 4.11 ng/g). Source apportionment revealed that PFASs detected in paddy fields were mainly associated with industrial effluents, domestic sewage, and irrigation water. In rivers for irrigation purposes, higher PFASs contamination were primarily distributed in industrial areas, such as plastic processing, paper, textile and electronics factories. The PFASs in the irrigation river water posed a low-medium risk to daphnia and fish, while the PFASs (PFOA and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA)) in soil posed a medium-high risk to earthworms. These results provided insights that sewage irrigation caused serious pollution of PFASs in the agricultural environment, should be paid more attention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001148/pdfft?md5=a6c9cb3ebfa345c7c67fcba69265907e&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001148-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142241036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organophosphate esters in reservoir water from a metropolitan city in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China, and their ecological risk","authors":"Yi Huang ,&nbsp;Yiming Ge ,&nbsp;Chenglin Li ,&nbsp;Linshen Xie ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Qi ,&nbsp;Pu Ye ,&nbsp;Xixiang Guo ,&nbsp;Chen Deng ,&nbsp;Rong Hu ,&nbsp;Jinling Wang ,&nbsp;Yihong Liu ,&nbsp;Bei Wang ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaoyou Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging flame retardants widely used in products such as furniture, electronic equipment, construction, and plastics. It has been demonstrated that OPEs are harmful to humans and aquatic organisms, thus posing a threat to ecosystems. Considering that reservoirs are critical sources of drinking water for residents in Southern China, this study quantified nine OPEs in water samples collected from 29 reservoirs and their tributaries. The temporal and spatial distributions of OPEs were analyzed and their ecological risks were assessed. The results showed an extensive presence of OPEs in reservoirs, and the median concentration of Σ₉OPEs was much higher in the dry season (65.3 ng/L) than in the wet season (21.3 ng/L). Triisobutyl phosphate (TiBP) (median: 5.24 ng/L) and tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) (median: 10.8 ng/L) dominated in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. Other OPEs varied considerably in concentrations over time, related to their physical and chemical properties, environmental factors (e.g., precipitation and temperature), and varied applications. Furthermore, the significant correlations of individual OPEs suggest their shared utilization, emission sources, and environmental behaviors. Spatially, there was no significant difference (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) among the Σ₉OPEs concentrations in water samples from different sites (inlet, reservoir, outlet, and tributary) of the reservoirs. Additionally, the concentrations of OPEs in reservoir water samples could be linked to industrial development, economic conditions, and population density. OPEs in the reservoir pose low ecological risks (RQ &lt; 0.1), except for EDHPP and TEHP, which present median ecological risks (RQ = 0.54 and 0.38, respectively). Future studies could investigate more OPEs and their joint effects with other organic pollutants, as well as survey the chemical reactions and degradation pathways of OPEs in different environmental matrices to assess their potential ecotoxicity more comprehensively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001136/pdfft?md5=bc998cdda6085abbe8f7e44f6d5f7959&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001136-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on environmental and human health impacts of chemical pesticide usage","authors":"Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Li ,&nbsp;Varenyam Achal","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review critically examines the multifaceted impacts of chemical pesticides on environmental ecosystems and human health, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable pest management practices. The widespread use of pesticides, such as organochlorine compounds (e.g., DDT, endrin) known for their persistence and bioaccumulation, poses significant risks to biodiversity, water quality, and food safety. By accumulating in the food chain, these substances threaten higher trophic levels and amplify the potential for adverse health outcomes, including acute poisoning, cancer, and neurological disorders. Specific examples such as glyphosate and atrazine illustrate the pervasive nature of pesticide contamination in various environments. Key findings include the association of pesticide exposure with increased risks of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Parkinson's disease, and the development of antibiotic resistance in microbial communities. The review discusses potential remediation methods, including physicochemical techniques like photodegradation and advanced oxidation processes, as well as bioremediation strategies involving microbial degradation. Photodegradation rates are influenced by environmental factors such as sunlight intensity, soil properties, and organic matter content. Bioremediation using specific microbial consortia has shown promise in degrading persistent pesticides, enhancing soil recovery. Emphasizing the importance of integrated pest management (IPM), enhanced regulatory frameworks, and user education, this review advocates for a strategic shift towards practices that minimize environmental harm and safeguard human health. Implementing these measures can significantly contribute to the advancement of sustainable agriculture by reducing pesticide reliance and promoting ecological balance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001112/pdfft?md5=70bf5c24ce40066d8914158a898a1d66&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics comparison of indoor and outdoor air and ventilation rate effect in outskirts of the Seoul metropolitan city","authors":"Muhammad Jahanzaib ,&nbsp;Shambhavi Sharma ,&nbsp;Duckshin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics in the air are becoming a concern, especially in indoor environments. Outdoor microplastics can travel from far spaces while indoor ones remain suspended and recirculate in the indoor environment. In this study, we collected air samples from the same buildings indoors and outdoors and observed the indoor microplastic concentration was 1.8 times higher than the outdoor. 24-hour sampling was performed with a mini-volume air sampler at the rate of 5 L/min. In this study, along with a comparison of indoor and outdoor concentrations, we also studied the microplastics' type size, and shape. We found that fiber-type microplastics account for nearly 90 % of the total and synthetic fibers. We also reported the 10 highest present microplastics are Polyethylene, Polyethersulfone, Polyamide, Polystyrene, Acrylic, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polytetrafluoroethylene, Alkyd, and Polyurethane. It is also observed the indoor ventilation rate plays a major role in the microplastic concentrations, long and periodic ventilation resulted in the lower concentration of the indoor microplastics. This study resulted in higher indoor air concentrations than outdoor and even in the outskirts of the metropolitan city which shows that indoor air concentrations are dependent on indoor sources and human activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of occurrence and concentrations of selected phthalic acid esters in waste processing and management facilities: Challenges and the future research perspectives","authors":"Fatemeh Momeniha ,&nbsp;Hosna Janjani ,&nbsp;Mina Aghaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Dehghani ,&nbsp;Ali Salimifard ,&nbsp;Suhas ,&nbsp;Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Municipal waste management and processing facilities produce various pollutants, including phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are released into the environment depending on waste components, process type, and time elapsed. PAEs are widely used in industries, particularly in plastics, but their mismanagement poses risks to human health and the environment. The review aims to assess the levels of PAEs in different units of waste processing and management facilities and their health effects. This systematic review collected and analyzed studies investigating the levels of selected PAEs (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, and DNOP) in waste processing and management facilities. The databases of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from the inception of the studies up to Oct 14, 2022. Studies were screened, duplicates removed, and relevant studies selected independently by two reviewers. Data from the final articles were extracted according to the study's objectives. A total of 26 studies were analyzed to assess the levels of PAEs, focusing on landfill leachate, soil, air, surface, and groundwater. The findings revealed that approximately 37 % of the studies were conducted in landfills, with DEHP having the highest concentration of PAEs. Moreover, all reviewed studies reported DEHP as the most prevalent PAE in leachate. Around 23 % of the studies were conducted on air and soil media, with DEHP, DBP, and DEP identified as the primary phthalates, comprising over 94 % of all the studied phthalates.</p><p>The levels of PAEs in waste management facilities were often high, posing potential health risks to workers. Therefore, reducing plastic use and subsequently reducing waste generation should be considered as the priority action. Also, preventive measures such as dust control, personal protective equipment, and using anti-leak materials and membranes in waste processing and management sites should be implemented to reduce environmental pollution and human exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405665024001082/pdfft?md5=2ab8234e43654185c1a38c4c43b430e7&pid=1-s2.0-S2405665024001082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}