Electronic Journal of Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Production and optimization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from Paraburkholderia sp. PFN 29 under submerged fermentation","authors":"Thayat Sriyapai ,&nbsp;Thitima Chuarung ,&nbsp;Kazuhide Kimbara ,&nbsp;Siritron Samosorn ,&nbsp;Pichapak Sriyapai","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate-<em>co</em>-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) are the most common polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). They are important candidates for biodegradable plastics that accumulate in the cytoplasm in the form of intracellular granules under unbalanced growth conditions. The present study focused on the production and optimization of PHAs from <em>Paraburkholderia</em> sp. PFN29 for the first time under submerged fermentation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two hundred bacterial isolates were collected from soil samples in Thailand, six of which were found to accumulate PHB using the Nile red staining method. Six isolates were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and were shown to be closely related to the genera <em>Azotobacter</em>, <em>Sphingobium</em> and <em>Paraburkholderia</em>. The best strain, <em>Paraburkholderia</em> sp. PFN29, showed the highest PHB concentration (5 ± 0.17 g/L). Optimization of PHB accumulation was achieved in modified medium containing 3% (w/v) glucose, and 0.1% (w/v) (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄) with incubation at pH 7.0 and 35°C for 96 h with shaking at 200 rpm. In preliminary PHBV synthesis, PFN29 was utilized to synthesize PHBV from glucose and organic acids (levulinic acid and propionic acid). ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses confirmed the extracted PHAs compared to standard PHB and PHBV.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PFN29 can be used for feasible PHB production with a PHB content of up to 97.3% of 5.14 ± 0.17 g/L CDW. The PHBV concentration can be further improved by optimizing the production parameters as cosubstrates. The present study provides useful data on PHA production by <em>Paraburkholderia</em>, which may be used as a candidate species for commercial PHA production.</p></div><div><h3>How to cite</h3><p>Sriyapai T, Chuarung T, Kimbara K, et al. Production and optimization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from <em>Paraburkholderia</em> sp. PFN 29 under submerged fermentation. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.003</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345821000592/pdfft?md5=b16df9402cb1d884ce5c9c2b9162184f&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345821000592-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45341740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of native SMAC protein production in the pUbiq expression system: Molecular cloning, biosynthesis and molecular modelling","authors":"Pál Salamon ,&nbsp;Csongor K. Orbán ,&nbsp;Katalin Molnár-Nagy ,&nbsp;Zita Kovács ,&nbsp;Klára Váncsa ,&nbsp;Emese Bálint ,&nbsp;Ildikó Miklóssy ,&nbsp;Beáta Albert ,&nbsp;Gyöngyi Tar ,&nbsp;Szabolcs Lányi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In the process of recombinant protein biosynthesis affinity tags are efficient tools to achieve the expected purity and yield during the purification steps. Nonetheless these tags might alter enzyme specificity and activity, therefore in functional assays it is recommended to use authentic or native proteins. Several ubiquitin fusion systems have been developed for <em>E. coli</em>-based recombinant protein expression that provide high levels of expression, with simple purification, and allow the production of various proteins with authentic N-terminus for subsequent applications.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the present research, we describe an ubiquitin fused bacterial biosynthetic system (pUbiq) for the production of the native Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) recombinant protein. Using this system, the recombinant protein is expressed with an ubiquitin-decahistidine fusion partner, then purified from the cell-forming proteins by affinity chromatography. The fusion partner is then removed by proteolytic digestion, resulting the native structure of the recombinant protein without unnecessary amino acid residues. Following proteolysis, another affinity chromatography method is used to separate the native protein from the fusion partner and the proteolytic enzyme. The folding of the protein of interest was verified by a pull-down assay.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on our results, the presented pUbiq system was successfully applied in the production of native SMAC recombinant protein, where the affinity tag required for purification was completely removed. Our study suggests that the ubiquitin-fusion technology will be useful for enhancing expression and purification of native and authentic proteins for structural and functional studies as well as for therapeutic uses.</p><p><strong>How to cite</strong>: Salamona P, Orbána CK, Molnár-Nagy K, et al. Exon based amplified polymorphism (EBAP): A novel and universal molecular marker for plants. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.002.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345822000021/pdfft?md5=8451aa3ce18b4cdf7f6c6a55468b360e&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345822000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44830420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of ABE fermentation considering the different phenotypes present in a batch culture of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB-8052","authors":"Iván Paredes,&nbsp;Julián Quintero ,&nbsp;Karlo Guerrero,&nbsp;Roberto Gallardo ,&nbsp;Silvia Mau,&nbsp;Raúl Conejeros,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Gentina,&nbsp;German Aroca","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In solvent-producing <em>Clostridium</em> species, several physiological conditions and morphological forms can be observed during batch ABE fermentation. Currently, the contribution made by each condition or form to the production of acids and solvents is not clear. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy have been used to analyze the presence of different morphological and physiological conditions for <em>Clostridium</em> species; however, there are few studies to quantify their contribution to fermentation kinetics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Morphological changes of the batch cultures of <em>Clostridium beijerinckii</em> NCIMB-8052 were followed by flow cytometry and epifluorescence microscopy. Three cell types were identified, and the percentage of each one was estimated along the culture, showing that they are present throughout the culture and its population distribution was in agreement with the kinetics of growth and acids and solvents production. Yields for the global population and for each subpopulation were estimated. The values of the yield for butanol and acetone based on the fraction of solventogenic cells were 2.5 times the values of the parameters obtained for the whole biomass, while those for acetic and butyric acids based on the acidogenic cell type was 1.5 times.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Quantitative analysis of the subpopulations by flow cytometry allows the calculation of the yields related to specific cell types, isolating the contribution of each subpopulation to the production of acids and solvents.</p><p><strong>How to cite</strong>: Paredes I, Quintero J, Guerrero K, et al. Kinetics of ABE fermentation considering the different phenotypes present in a batch culture of <em>Clostridium beijerinckii</em> NCIMB-8052. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.002</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345821000580/pdfft?md5=b9f570ac0cd54424a192c4e41f6277a5&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345821000580-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48884854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of Maytenus boaria leaves, recovery by infusion and solvent extraction","authors":"Carmen Soto-Maldonado ,&nbsp;Benjamín Fernández-Araya ,&nbsp;Vicente Saavedra-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Julissa Santis-Bernal ,&nbsp;Lisette Alcaíno-Fuentes ,&nbsp;Alejandra Arancibia-Díaz ,&nbsp;María Elvira Zúñiga-Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Infusions of Maiten (<em>Maytenus boaria</em>) leaves are used in folk medicine as an antipyretic and for skin allergic rash treatment. Antioxidant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of medicinal plants have been attributed to phenolic compounds presence. This work, the first in this type, reports the presence of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), and the antioxidant activity by DPPH, FRAP and ORAC methods of extracts of maiten leaves, including an infusion; also, antimicrobial activity on Gram + and Gram − bacteria were determined. In addition, the presence of Quercetin and catalase were determined, and the FTIR spectrum was done.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The best values of TPC and TFC were 20.55 g_GAE/kg_leaves, and 23.69 g_QE/kg_leaves, respectively, in an ethanolic extract. Best antioxidant activities were obtained in a methanolic extract for DPPH, aqueous extract for FRAP. No significant differences were observed in ORAC activity determination of aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts and a maiten infusion, with an average value of 22.41 mmol_TE/kg_leaves. In the case of antimicrobial activity, extract of maiten leaves can inhibit the growth of bacteria as <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, among others.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>M. boaria</em> leaves are an important source of phenolics compounds with antioxidant activity; these properties are observed in extracts and infusions. In addition, the extract of maiten leaves produces the inhibition of pathogens Gram+ and Gram− bacteria, showing the great therapeutic potential of this plant used in folk medicine.</p><p><strong>How to cite</strong>: Soto-Maldonado C, Fernández-Araya B, Saavedra-Sánchez V. Antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of <em>Maytenus boaria</em> leaves, recovery by infusion and solvent extraction. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.02.002.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345822000069/pdfft?md5=f5216940ca6fb33fc6f37683f7cb21a2&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345822000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137412714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial characterization of a titanium coating derived from mussel-glue and Bothrops asper snake venom for the prevention of implant-associated infections caused by Staphylococcus","authors":"Adriana Gauna ,&nbsp;Luis Mercado ,&nbsp;Fanny Guzmán","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Proliferation of bacteria, such as <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis,</em> on orthopedic implants has been a challenge in orthopedic surgery, highlighting the problem of the increasing antibiotic resistance and the necessity to develop new antimicrobial agents. In this sense, antimicrobial peptides are promising candidates, which can be attached to titanium surfaces in order to make them safer. <em>Mytilus</em> mussels are characterized by adhering efficiently to a wide variety of surfaces, especially metallic ones, through adhesive proteins with a high content of dihydroxyphenylalanine, which is a post-translational modification of tyrosine.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This work refers to the synthesis of a coating based on a bifunctional peptide that combines a sequence derived from the mussel foot protein-5 and the antimicrobial peptide pEM-2, derived from <em>Bothrops asper</em> snake venom. The adhesive properties of this bifunctional peptide were evaluated, as well as the adhesive sequence without the pEM-2, using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. The results showed that the presence of the antimicrobial peptide improved the adhesion; however, a loss of the bactericidal activity was observed. Even so, the adhesive sequence by itself exhibited an important antifouling activity, preventing <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>S. epidermidis</em> adhesion to titanium by 75% and 45%, respectively, although the result against <em>S. epidermidis</em> was not significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A 13-residue peptide derived from a natural and biocompatible source, like a <em>Mytilus</em> mussel adhesive protein, could be projected as a protective agent on titanium surfaces against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>S. epidermidis</em>, being responsible for two thirds of the cases of orthopedic implant infection.</p><p><strong>How to cite</strong>: Gauna A, Mercado L, Guzmán F. Antimicrobial characterization of a titanium coating derived from mussel-glue and <em>Bothrops asper</em> snake venom for the prevention of implant-associated infections caused by <em>Staphylococcus</em>. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.02.001.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345822000057/pdfft?md5=7302a5212cb03cd5fb1d74ddcc8ac969&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345822000057-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42366308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GbpA as a secretion and affinity purification tag for an antimicrobial peptide produced in Vibrio natriegens","authors":"Stefan Schwarz ,&nbsp;Doreen Gerlach ,&nbsp;Rong Fan ,&nbsp;Peter Czermak","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Vibrio natriegens</em> is a Gram-negative bacterium that offers a greater metabolic capacity than <em>Escherichia coli</em> for the production of recombinant proteins. This potential includes a low minimum doubling time of 7 min and a high maximum glucose uptake rate of 3.9 g*g⁻¹*h⁻¹. We therefore tested the ability of <em>V. natriegens</em> to produce the insect metalloprotease inhibitor (IMPI), an antimicrobial peptide, fused to the glucosamine-binding protein A (GbpA) secretion/purification tag, using the Vmax Express system.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The IMPI-GbpA fusion protein was secreted into the medium and could be purified directly from the fermentation supernatant by affinity chromatography, including on-column digestion with thrombin. We also modified the GbpA tag by deleting the second and third domains, which reduced the size of the tag while maintaining its functionality. This modification also increased the IMPI yield.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The use of <em>V. natriegens</em> as an expression platform and GbpA for protein secretion and purification facilitates the inexpensive production of antimicrobial peptides. Our process achieved a higher volumetric yield than earlier attempts to produce recombinant IMPI in <em>E. coli</em>. However, the accumulation of IMPI causes <em>V. natriegens</em> growth arrest before the carbon source is depleted, suggesting it may be possible to achieve even greater productivity by further process optimization.</p><p><strong>How to cite</strong>: Schwarz S, Gerlach D, Fan R, et al. GbpA as a secretion and affinity purification tag for an antimicrobial peptide produced in <em>Vibrio natriegens</em>. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.003.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345822000045/pdfft?md5=5581d875ee55ea51af667330126830c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345822000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41927456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-pot synthesis of UV-protective carbon nanodots from sea cauliflower (Leathesia difformis)","authors":"Kyung Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Yong Min Kwon ,&nbsp;Sun Young Kim ,&nbsp;Jaoon Young Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The interest in ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and artificial sources has been recently increasing due to its toxic effects, including sunburn, erythema, photodamage, and photocarcinogenesis. In this study, we aimed to develop a valuable nanomaterial that can block total UV rays using an undervalued, yet profitable marine organism. We successfully developed carbon nanodots (CNDs) and a CNDs-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film that effectively protect against UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C radiation based on a common brown algae, sea cauliflower (<em>Leathesia difformis</em>), through simple hydrothermal synthesis in aqueous solution.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>CNDs-PVA film protected rhodamine B from photobleaching and polydiacetylene vesicles with 10,12-tricosadiynoic acid from polymerization. As-fabricated CNDs in aqueous solution blocked &gt;99% of UV-A light, which causes photoaging and skin cancer. The CNDs-PVA film showed excellent transparency, with &gt;84% transmittance of visible light, and effectively blocked &gt;60% of UV-A/B and &gt;30% of UV-C rays under direct and strong irradiation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This preliminary work indicates that CNDs based on underutilized marine brown algae have strong potential for application in technologies for wide UV protection.</p><p><strong>How to cite</strong>: Kim KW, Kwon YM, Kim SY, et al. One-pot synthesis of UV-protective carbon nanodots from sea cauliflower (<em>Leathesia difformis</em>). Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.004</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345821000609/pdfft?md5=13d0daa50844d443fc24a30724a79a28&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345821000609-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49285079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exon based amplified polymorphism (EBAP): A novel and universal molecular marker for plants","authors":"Faqian Xiong ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Ronghua Tang ,&nbsp;Taiyi Yang ,&nbsp;Xinghai Yang ,&nbsp;Liangqiong He ,&nbsp;Zhuqiang Han ,&nbsp;Lihang Qiu ,&nbsp;Chenglin Zou ,&nbsp;Xiumei Tang ,&nbsp;Cong Luo ,&nbsp;Ruichun Zhong ,&nbsp;Jing Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Huang ,&nbsp;Haining Wu ,&nbsp;Junxian Liu ,&nbsp;Xinhua He","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Exons are an important part of genes. However, there has been no molecular marker technique based on single primer amplification developed for exons region.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A novel molecular marker technique called exon based amplified polymorphism (EBAP) which used single primer to perform the PCR was developed. Single primers were designed based on the rich GC bases in the exon region of genes. The single primer consists of filling sequence, intermediate core region sequence and selective bases sequence. The filling sequence has a total of six bases, which can be 2A and 2T or 3A and 3T. The intermediate core region sequence consists of eight bases, all of which are G and C, but at least 2G or 2C are required. The first of the three selective bases must be either A or T, and the second and third are arbitrary bases. Due to the principle of primer design, these single primers should be universal. We applied it to the DNA polymorphisms detection of maize, sugarcane, potato, cassava, cabbage, and peanut. The results showed that it detected more abundant DNA polymorphisms in the first five crops, but not in the cultivated peanut. In addition, different band patterns were obtained by amplifying peanut cDNA with different single primers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We have developed a novel and universal molecular marker technique. It is simple, fast and efficient. It does not require genomic sequence information. It can be widely used in germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular fingerprinting. <strong>How to cite</strong>: Xiong F, Liu J, Tang R, et al. Exon based amplified polymorphism (EBAP): A novel and universal molecular marker for plants. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.001.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S071734582200001X/pdfft?md5=3e0918ceef3de3c2039541a3f4815fde&pid=1-s2.0-S071734582200001X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47371930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of different insect cell culture media on the efficiency of protein production by Spodoptera frugiperda cells","authors":"Lukas Käßer ,&nbsp;Julie Harnischfeger ,&nbsp;Denise Salzig ,&nbsp;Peter Czermak","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (<em>Sf-</em>9) cells are often used to produce recombinant proteins by transient expression. The culture medium contributes to the efficiency of protein production, but the effect of modern insect cell culture media on <em>Sf-</em>9 cells has not been evaluated for different transient expression systems. Accordingly, we compared the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) and lipopolyfection (LP) for the production of schistosomal ALDH and the antimicrobial peptide BR033, respectively. We used <em>Sf-</em>9 cells adapted to four commercially available media: TriEx ICM, ExpiSf CDM, Sf-900 II SFM and IS Sf Insect ACF.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During cell maintenance, the highest viable cell density was achieved using IS Sf Insect ACF, but the shortest doubling time was observed in TriEx<!--> <!-->ICM. All four media supported transient expression with standard protocols for LP and BEVS. We confirmed the typical switch in metabolic rates (glucose, lactate and amino acids) after transfection or infection, comparable to previous reports. The maximum protein production rates were 0.26 ± 0.04 amol/(cell<!--> <!-->h) for LP and 4.63 ± 1.85 amol/(cell h) for BEVS, both achieved using Sf-900 II SFM.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The experiments demonstrate that the most suitable medium for transient production in <em>Sf-</em>9 cells depends on the experimental objectives or production framework. We therefore recommend implementing the screening of different media during process development.</p><p><strong>How to cite</strong>: Käßer L, Harnischfeger J, Salzig D, et al. The effect of different insect cell culture media on the efficiency of protein production by <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> cells. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.01.004.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"56 ","pages":"Pages 54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0717345822000033/pdfft?md5=b8cbcec5033b349693bf43870eff894c&pid=1-s2.0-S0717345822000033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42358769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Aloe vera-conjugated silver nanoparticles for use against multidrug-resistant microorganisms","authors":"Hammad Arshad ,&nbsp;Misbah Saleem ,&nbsp;Usman Pasha ,&nbsp;Saima Sadaf","doi":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms is one of the biggest and most challenging public health issues drawing considerable attention of the scientific community. Here, we present an easy, one-step, inexpensive and ecofriendly/biologically mediated synthesis of <em>Aloe vera</em>-conjugated silver nanoparticles (Av-AgNPs) where the aqueous plant extract acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent and the resultant conjugate exhibits remarkable potential to limit/inhibit the growth of MDR pathogens.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The nanosynthesis concluded in 4–6 h at 65°C and was followed by detailed characterization of the bioconjugated Av-AgNPs (with and without fabrication on cellulosic materials i.e., cotton fabric and filter paper) using a combination of UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The so-characterized NPs showed growth inhibitory effects on multiple strains including the Gram-positive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, Gram-negative <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. pseudomonas)</em> and, more importantly, the fungus <em>Candida albicans (C. albicans)</em>, when analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer method. A notable reduction in the colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of the <em>E. coli</em> (present in contaminated drinking water) was also observed when the filter paper encrusted with Av-AgNPs was applied as a filtration material.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, the biofabricated Av-AgNPs are easy to synthesize and are a cost-effective alternative to inorganic AgNPs, with considerable antimicrobial activity, deserving further investigations for biomedical applications.</p><p><strong>How to cite:</strong> Arshad H, Saleem M, Pasha U, et al. Synthesis of <em>Aloe vera</em>-conjugated silver nanoparticles for use against multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.11.003</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11529,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"55 ","pages":"Pages 55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S071734582100052X/pdfft?md5=26a212418d2be5b6951756e3ee02b999&pid=1-s2.0-S071734582100052X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47408873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}