Energy Procedia最新文献_第6页

Energy demand and carbon footprint of cheddar cheese with energy recovery from cheese whey 从奶酪乳清中回收能量的切达奶酪的能源需求和碳足迹

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.052

Piya Gosalvitr, Rosa Cuellar-Franca, Robin Smith, Adisa Azapagic

{"title":"Energy demand and carbon footprint of cheddar cheese with energy recovery from cheese whey","authors":"Piya Gosalvitr, Rosa Cuellar-Franca, Robin Smith, Adisa Azapagic","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the life cycle environmental sustainability of cheddar cheese with energy recovery from cheese whey via anaerobic digestion. Environmental hotspots and improvement opportunities along the supply chain are also identified. The cheddar cheese production process has been simulated by using Aspen Plus. The environmental impacts have been estimated through life cycle assessment (LCA) using the outputs from process simulation. The LCA data for the rest of the life cycle have been sourced from databases and literature. The results reveal that the total primary energy consumed in the whole life cycle of cheddar cheese is 347 MJ, with the carbon footprint equal to 14 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. per kg of cheddar. Energy recovered from anaerobic digestion of whey reduces the total life cycle primary energy demand and the carbon footprint by only 2%. Much greater reductions could be achieved by targeting milk production and storage of cheese. However, anaerobic digestion of whey makes the cheese production process energy self-sufficient and reduces the production costs. It also makes the production process carbon negative, reducing its carbon footprint from 0.12 to -0.12 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./kg due to the credits for electricity and heat produced from biogas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 10-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78987101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Assessment of the energy consumption and technologies in the bakery and pastry sector – The Portuguese case study 烘焙和糕点行业的能源消耗和技术评估-葡萄牙案例研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.061

Diogo Morais , Pedro D. Gaspar , Pedro D. Silva , Fernando C. Santos , Luís P. Andrade , José Nunes

引用次数: 5

Environmental impacts of poultry litter gasification for power generation 禽畜垃圾气化发电对环境的影响

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.055

Harish K. Jeswani , Andrew Whiting , Alastair Martin , Adisa Azapagic

{"title":"Environmental impacts of poultry litter gasification for power generation","authors":"Harish K. Jeswani , Andrew Whiting , Alastair Martin , Adisa Azapagic","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The poultry industry generates a large quantity of litter, which consists of a mixture of manure, waste bedding and feathers, and can be used for recovery of energy. Recent studies suggest that gasification is a promising technology for an effective conversion of poultry litter to energy. This paper aims to assess the environmental impacts of generating electricity from the gasification of poultry litter in a small-scale integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant. Gasification of poultry litter has been simulated with ASPEN Plus® software and life cycle assessment has been used to determine the carbon footprint and primary energy demand of the system. The following life cycle stages have been considered: collection and storage of poultry litter, its gasification, syngas cleaning, production of electricity and co-production of ash as a fertiliser. The carbon footprint and primary energy demand of generating 1 kWh of energy by poultry litter gasification plant are estimated at 42 g CO2 eq./kWh and 0.14 MJ/kWh, respectively. Compared to electricity from fossil fuels, this system has 91%-96% smaller carbon footprint and 98%-99% lower primary energy demand. The energy payback period is estimated at 1.5 years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 32-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81441972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Sun Simulator for Indoor Performance assessment of Solar Photovoltaic Cells 用于太阳能光伏电池室内性能评估的太阳模拟器

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.102

Ranga Vihari Parupudi , Harjit Singh , Maria Kolokotroni

引用次数: 12

Cleaning of thick films using liquid jets 用液体射流清洗厚膜

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.062

Jessica P Tuck , Federico Alberini , Dick Ward , Bill Gore , Peter J Fryer

引用次数: 7

Supermarket Energy Use in the UK 英国超市能源使用

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.108

Maria Kolokotroni , Zoi Mylona , Judith Evans , Alan Foster , Rob Liddiard

引用次数: 14

Food, water, energy, waste: an examination of socio-technical issues for urban prosumers: Part 2 (Results and Discussion) 食物、水、能源、废物:对城市产消者的社会技术问题的考察:第2部分(结果和讨论)

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.103

Wendy Miller

{"title":"Food, water, energy, waste: an examination of socio-technical issues for urban prosumers: Part 2 (Results and Discussion)","authors":"Wendy Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper (parts I and II) is to examine the socio-technical factors that affect urban food production and associated energy, water and waste services. Part I introduced the growing role of prosumers, discussed the context of the human relationship with food and demonstrated how citizens’ choices and actions regarding food consumption and production in urban settings are shaped by the economic, cultural and infrastructure systems in which they live. A residential estate on the urban fringe of Australia’s subtropical Gold Coast was described, setting the context for a mixed methods analysis of quantitative and qualitative data gathered through estate maps, development planning documents, visual observations, interviews and surveys. Part II presents the results, analysed around the themes of food production, consumption and development infrastructure (physical and social). An integrated approach to land-use, energy, water and waste was instrumental in enabling ubiquitous high biodiversity food production, highlighting planning decisions that affect the ability of urban prosumers to incorporate sustainability into their food practices. The case study demonstrates that an integrated approach to urban infrastructure can support and enable urban prosumer food practices. A framework to evaluate urban neighbourhoods in terms of potential for creating synergies between land use, water, waste and energy infrastructure is presented and an initial performance indicator framework is proposed, to understand, develop and manage prosumer-driven urban agriculture in the context of integrated energy, water, waste and food services.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 368-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76054784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A data-driven approach for electricity load profile prediction of new supermarkets 新超市电力负荷预测的数据驱动方法

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.087

Ramon Granell , Colin J. Axon , Maria Kolokotroni , David C.H. Wallom

{"title":"A data-driven approach for electricity load profile prediction of new supermarkets","authors":"Ramon Granell , Colin J. Axon , Maria Kolokotroni , David C.H. Wallom","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Predicting the electricity demand of new supermarkets will help with design, planning, and future energy management. Instead of creating complex site-specific thermal engineering models, simplified statistical energy prediction models as we propose can be useful to energy managers. We have designed and implemented a data-driven method to predict the ‘electricity daily load profile’ (EDLP) for new stores. Our preliminary work exploits a data-set of hourly electricity meter readings for 196 UK supermarkets from 2012 to 2015. Our method combines the most similar stores on a feature space (floor area split by usage such as general merchandise, food retail and offices and geographical location) to obtain a prediction of the EDLP of a new store. Computational experiments were performed separately for subsets of supermarkets that consume only electricity, both electricity and gas, and by season. The best results were obtained when predicting Summer EDLPs with stores using electricity only. In this case, the average Manhattan difference and the percentage difference are 234 kWh and 16%, respectively. We aim to develop an application tool for supermarket energy managers to automatically generate EDLP for potential new stores.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 242-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88587697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

A model-based study of rehydration kinetics in freeze-dried tomatoes 冻干番茄再水化动力学的模型研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.060

E. Lopez-Quiroga , V. Prosapio , P.J. Fryer , I.T. Norton , S. Bakalis

{"title":"A model-based study of rehydration kinetics in freeze-dried tomatoes","authors":"E. Lopez-Quiroga , V. Prosapio , P.J. Fryer , I.T. Norton , S. Bakalis","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Characterising rehydration kinetics is key to understand the effect of microstructure on the quality of rehydrated products. Well-connected porous networks, like the ones created by freeze-drying processes, can enhance water absorption and transport, leading to higher final quality rehydrated products. Such products present the basis for a novel distribution scenario for (freeze-)dried products that are rehydrated closer to the consumption point. In this work, fresh tomatoes were first freeze-dried and subsequently rehydrated at different temperatures. Four rehydration models were fitted to the experimental data using regression analysis. The goodness-of-fit was evaluated according to (i) Root Mean Squared Error (ii) adjusted R-square (iii) Akaike Information Criterion (iv) Bayesian Information Criterion. The Exponential and Weibull models provided the most accurate descriptions of the rehydration kinetics. The effect of temperature on rehydration kinetics was also evaluated, with rehydration capacities and equilibrium moisture contents of the rehydrated tomatoes increasing with temperature. In addition, activation energy values for rehydration, which were in accordance with the existing literature values, were also obtained from the fitted rehydration rate parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84221390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Experimental investigations on a transcritical CO2 refrigeration plant and theoretical comparison with an ejector-based one 跨临界CO2制冷装置的实验研究及与喷射器制冷装置的理论比较

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.097

Fabrizio Santini , Giuseppe Bianchi , Davide Di Battista , Carlo Villante , Maurizio Orlandi

{"title":"Experimental investigations on a transcritical CO2 refrigeration plant and theoretical comparison with an ejector-based one","authors":"Fabrizio Santini , Giuseppe Bianchi , Davide Di Battista , Carlo Villante , Maurizio Orlandi","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper presents the development of an experimental research facility based on a transcritical single stage vapour compression refrigeration cycle with CO<sub>2</sub> as the working fluid. The experimental setup includes instrumentation and controls which enable tests in a broad range of operating conditions. The measurements presented refer to external temperatures between 21.0°C and 33.5°C; in this latter operating point, energy and exergy analysis allowed the breakdown of irreversibilities. In particular, the gas cooler contributes to the 42.6% of the total exergy losses while the share due to the high-pressure expansion valve is 27.2%. In order to improve the performance of the refrigeration system, a theoretical model was developed including an ejector as the replacement of the expansion valve. The results show that the Coefficient of Performance (COP) is strongly dependent on the entrainment ratio; a value of greater than 0.6 seem to lead to higher COP values, even at low external temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79457598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8