Energy Procedia最新文献_第10页

Mathematical modelling of the steam stripping of aroma from roast and ground coffee 从烘焙咖啡和磨碎咖啡中蒸汽剥离香气的数学模型

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.075

D. Beverly , P.J. Fryer , S. Bakalis , E. Lopez-Quiroga , R. Farr

{"title":"Mathematical modelling of the steam stripping of aroma from roast and ground coffee","authors":"D. Beverly , P.J. Fryer , S. Bakalis , E. Lopez-Quiroga , R. Farr","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Instant coffee manufacture involves the aqueous extraction of soluble coffee components followed by drying to form a soluble powder. A challenge that arises from the process is the loss of volatile aroma compounds during evaporative drying. One method of retaining aroma is to first steam strip the volatiles from the coffee and add them back to a concentrated coffee solution just before the final drying stage. Understanding the impact of process conditions on the aroma content of the stripped solution offers engineers the ability to target desirable compounds and maximise their yield. This paper presents a multiscale model for aroma extraction that describes: (i) release from the matrix, (ii) diffusion through the coffee grain, (iii) transfer into water and steam, and (iv) advection through the stripping column. Results reveal how aroma physiochemistry determines the limiting kinetics at industrial extraction conditions. The interaction with the soluble matrix can also inhibit extraction, but this effect varies for the different aromas studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 157-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86500840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Investigation of Chicken Litter Conversion into Useful Energy Resources by Using Low Temperature Pyrolysis 鸡粪低温热解转化为有用能源的研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.057

L.M. Simbolon , D.S. Pandey , A. Horvat , M. Kwapinska , J.J. Leahy , S.A. Tassou

{"title":"Investigation of Chicken Litter Conversion into Useful Energy Resources by Using Low Temperature Pyrolysis","authors":"L.M. Simbolon , D.S. Pandey , A. Horvat , M. Kwapinska , J.J. Leahy , S.A. Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The global production of poultry is predicted to grow considerably in the future. Intensive poultry farming poses significant challenges to traditional waste disposal methods (i.e. direct land application) leading to environmental impacts. This paper discusses the result of low temperature (350-450 °C) pyrolysis of representative chicken litter as the feedstock. Four different feedstocks comprised of 50% organic chicken manure and 50% bedding materials (i.e. hay, straw, rice husk and wood shavings) have been experimentally investigated. The products of the pyrolysis process consist of char, gas and liquid (bio-oil). Maximum char production from the rice husk mix is over 67 wt.%, while the wood shavings mix feedstock resulted in the highest liquid yield of 44.4 wt.% at a temperature of 400 °C. Chicken litter and its char product are analysed by elemental analyser and bomb calorimetry. The composition of the evolved gases and bio-oil are analysed by micro gas chromatography (µ-GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. In addition, the mass and energy balance of the pyrolysis process are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 47-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81963017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Low temperature gasification of poultry litter in a lab-scale fluidized reactor 实验室规模流化反应器中家禽垃圾低温气化研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.058

Giannis Katsaros , Daya Shankar Pandey , Alen Horvat , Savvas Tassou

{"title":"Low temperature gasification of poultry litter in a lab-scale fluidized reactor","authors":"Giannis Katsaros , Daya Shankar Pandey , Alen Horvat , Savvas Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low temperature gasification of poultry litter (PL) was experimentally studied in a lab scale fluidized bed reactor. The experiments were carried out at three different equivalence ratios (ER) of 0.17; 0.21; 0.25 and temperature 700 °C, to investigate its impact on cold gas efficiency (CGE), carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), gas yield, lower calorific value (LCV), and tar evolution. Maximum CGE and LCV of the produced gas was 43.4% and 3.34 MJ/m<sup>3</sup> respectively at an ER of 0.25. The maximum CCE of 72% was attained at the highest value of ER (0.25). The gas yield showed an increasing trend with ER reaching its highest value of ~1 m<sup>3</sup>/kg<sub>daf</sub> N<sub>2</sub> free. Highest amount of total tar was 2.41 g/Nm<sup>3</sup> in the dry gas at the lowest tested ER. Styrene- xylene, phenol, and naphthalene, were the components with the highest concentrations of up to 30%, whilst the tar compounds detected but couldn’t be identified ranged between 25-30% with respect to the total tar yield. The average compositions of the main components in permanent gases (vol %, dry basis) at the indicative value of the lowest ER were as follows: H<sub>2</sub>:7.87%, CH<sub>4</sub>:2.04%, CO: 6.37%, CO<sub>2</sub>:11.47%, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>:1%, and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>:0.22.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76976108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Numerical investigation of the protective mechanisms of air curtain in a refrigerated truck during door openings 冷藏车车门开启时空气幕保护机理的数值研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.084

Ashika Rai, Jining Sun, Savvas A Tassou

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the protective mechanisms of air curtain in a refrigerated truck during door openings","authors":"Ashika Rai, Jining Sun, Savvas A Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Warm air infiltration during door openings of refrigerated delivery trucks can account for approximately 34% of the overall refrigeration load, with this share estimated to be higher for longer and/or more frequent door openings. An increase in refrigeration load can have a direct impact on the energy usage (higher thermal loads require greater energy consumption). Many sources in the literature suggest that the use of an air curtain to reduce the impact of warm air infiltration during door openings. However, the majority of these studies focus on air curtain use in large cold rooms and warehouses. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the protective mechanisms of an air curtain against natural infiltration in a refrigerated vehicle during door openings. This study analyses the airflow behaviour in the refrigerated truck body with and without the protection of an air curtain during door openings. Different air curtain velocities have been tested for this particular investigation to study the influence of discharge velocity on energy performance. The airflow analysis suggests that natural infiltration is mainly caused by cold air flowing out from the lower part of the opening as warm air infiltrates in from the upperpart to fill the space. It has been found that an air curtain at optimum velocity (3.1 m/s in this study) can help reduce the energy consumption by almost 48%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 216-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78150664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Energy Recovery from Brewery Waste: experimental and modelling perspectives 从啤酒厂废料中回收能源:实验和模型的观点

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.054

Eric Siqueiros , Rasaq O. Lamidi , Pankaj B. Pathare , Yaodong Wang , A.P. Roskilly

{"title":"Energy Recovery from Brewery Waste: experimental and modelling perspectives","authors":"Eric Siqueiros , Rasaq O. Lamidi , Pankaj B. Pathare , Yaodong Wang , A.P. Roskilly","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food and drink processing industries are extremely large consumers of thermal energy as well as bio-wastes producers. The utilisation of bio-wastes for energy recovery appears to be a good opportunity to improve the overall efficiency of process industries. In this study, waste generation, management and energy auditing of a micro-brewery located in the north east of England is investigated. Fermented grains and hops are disposed as organic wastes after the production process. Hence, this study focuses on recovery of energy from these wastes through anaerobic digestion process. Experimental work was carried out in the laboratory for the wastes characterisation. The waste samples are then anaerobically digested at 55 ⁰C and 35 ⁰C with a 5L laboratory scale continuous stirred reactor using 5 gVSL<sup>-1</sup> and 25 days organic loading rates and hydraulic retention times respectively. Further to the experimental work, simulations were completed to evaluate the feasibility of the process. ASPEN plus simulation software was used to carry out the simulations using a novel approach for AD which is based on the ADM1 model. The experimental results showed that biogas can be produced at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions: 3.0 and 2.6 litres per day respectively. At thermophilic conditions, the methane content is 65 % while at mesophilic conditions, it is 55%. It is also found that the values of the final biogas production from the simulation were similar to the ones obtained in the experiments (-6.85%). However, the model would need further modifications to be able to accurately predict the biogas compositions. The result shows that the thermophilic process is able to fuel 126.01 kW boiler while mesophilic process can power 76.48kW boiler.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74050150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Low temperature and power solar energy conversion for domestic use 低温和动力太阳能转换为家用

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.072

André-Charles Mintsa Do Ango, Gaël Levêque, Norman Holaind, Gabriel Henry, Arthur Leroux

引用次数: 0

Numerical study of the thermohydraulic performance of printed circuit heat exchangers for supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle applications 用于超临界CO2布雷顿循环的印刷电路换热器热工性能的数值研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.066

Lei Chai, Savvas A Tassou

{"title":"Numerical study of the thermohydraulic performance of printed circuit heat exchangers for supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle applications","authors":"Lei Chai, Savvas A Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The printed circuit heat exchanger is currently the preferred type of recuperative heat exchanger for the supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Brayton cycle due to its highly compact construction, high heat transfer coefficients and its ability to withstand high pressures and temperatures. This paper employs a three-dimensional numerical model to investigate the thermohydraulic performance of supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> flow in a printed circuit heat exchanger. This numerical model considers entrance effects, conjugate heat transfer, real gas thermophysical properties and buoyancy effects. The inlet temperature and pressure are 100 °C/150 bar on the cold side and 400 °C/75 bar on the hot side while the mass flux is varied from 254.6 to 1273.2 kg/(m<sup>2</sup>·s). The overall performance of the heat exchanger and comparisons of local heat transfer and friction pressure drop with predictions from the empirical correlations are presented and discussed. Overall, this paper provides useful information that can be employed in the design of recuperators for supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Brayton cycle applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 480-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90424973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Analysis of an R744 typical booster configuration, an R744 parallel-compressor booster configuration and an R717/R744 cascade refrigeration system for retail food applications. Part 1: Thermodynamic analysis 分析R744典型增压配置，R744并联压缩机增压配置和零售食品应用的R717/R744级联制冷系统。第1部分:热力学分析

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.090

Carlos Amaris , Konstantinos M. Tsamos , Savvas A Tassou

引用次数: 19

Development of Corn-Oil Ester and Water Mixture Phase Change Materials for Food Refrigeration Applications 食品制冷用玉米油酯水混合相变材料的研制

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.082

I Nyoman Suamir , I Made Rasta , Sudirman , Konstantinos M. Tsamos

引用次数: 12

Three-dimensional investigation on the positioning of air curtain on its effectiveness in refrigerated vehicles used for food distribution 食品配送冷藏车气幕定位的三维有效性研究

Energy Procedia Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.085

Ashika Rai, Jining Sun, Savvas A Tassou

{"title":"Three-dimensional investigation on the positioning of air curtain on its effectiveness in refrigerated vehicles used for food distribution","authors":"Ashika Rai, Jining Sun, Savvas A Tassou","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two different positioning of an air curtain have been investigated for this study, inside the trailer and just outside the trailer’s door. The distance of the position was based on the results assessed during several pre-trial runs. The study identified that the energy performance of an air curtain placed outside is better than the energy performance of an air curtain placed inside by almost 8%. However, the energy performance of an air curtain is highly dependent on the discharge velocity. The energy savings are based on the optimal discharge velocity range. However, at lowest and highest discharge velocity, 1 m/s and 5 m/s in this case, the energy performance of an air curtain positioned outside is almost similar and even less than the air curtain positioned inside, making the inside positioning of the device to be more effective. One of the disadvantages of placing an air curtain outside would be allowing space for air leakage to take place. The sealing efficiency, however, is much better for the air curtain positioned inside the chamber.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11517,"journal":{"name":"Energy Procedia","volume":"161 ","pages":"Pages 224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86572600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5