Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing histological and molecular responses in goldfish exposed to copper sulfate: insights for sustainable aquatic health management.","authors":"Walaa M Shaalan, Fatma Rehan, Nassr Allah Abdel-Hameid","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02919-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02919-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) on goldfish (Carassius auratus), focusing on histological changes in gills, liver, and muscle tissues, as well as the expression patterns of key genes involved in muscle. Goldfish were exposed to three concentrations of CuSO₄ (1.998 mg/L, 3.995 mg/L, and 5.993 mg/L) for 96 h. Histological examination revealed dose-dependent pathological changes, including gill epithelial proliferation, hepatocyte degeneration, and muscle necrosis. Gene expression analyses indicated significant upregulation of IGF-1 in the liver at high CuSO₄ concentrations, while IGF-1 in muscle was consistently downregulated across all concentrations. MyoD gene expression was upregulated at the three tested concentrations, but it was the lowest at the highest concentration, whereas MURF2 was significantly upregulated in all experimental groups. These findings suggest that CuSO₄ exposure disrupts normal histological structure in goldfish, highlighting the need for stringent environmental regulations to mitigate copper pollution in aquatic ecosystems. This study provides critical insights into the molecular and histopathological mechanisms underlying CuSO₄ toxicity in fish, contributing to the development of evidence-based management strategies for aquatic conservation and aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking solutions to a persistent threat: spatial movement patterns reflect lead exposure in critically endangered California condors.","authors":"Varalika Jain, Christopher J W McClure, Chris N Parish, Timothy J Hauck, Petra Sumasgutner","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02921-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02921-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead contamination, an exclusively human-induced issue, poses a serious threat to the critically endangered California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus). Contamination occurs through condors' ingestion of lead ammunition residues embedded within the remains of shot animals. Detecting lead exposures typically requires resource-intensive and invasive interventions. Here, we explored a minimally invasive alternative, analyzing movement data from GPS-tagged condors in the 30-day period prior to when their blood lead levels were measured. We found spatial, but not temporal, differences in movement patterns. Lead-exposed condors traversed larger areas of the landscape, with ranges more concentrated in a previously identified high-risk zone, and shared space more extensively with one another than unexposed individuals. However, lead-exposed condors did not exhibit declining movement patterns through time when compared to unexposed birds, making movement-inferred post-exposure detection difficult. While GPS-telemetry is a useful tool in understanding condors' spatial patterns in relation to lead exposure, future research exploring how movement patterns can be used to detect, predict, and provide early warnings of at-risk condors may better inform targeted conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating pesticide-induced toxicity in Cyprinus carpio using hemato-biochemical biomarkers.","authors":"Muhammad Yaseen, Hidayat Ullah, Muhammad Mubarik, Waqar Azeem Jadoon, Shehzad Ghayyur, Muhammad Iftikhar, Shahryar Ghayyur","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02929-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02929-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing use of pesticides threatens aquatic ecosystems. This study evaluated the toxic effects of carbosulfan, pyriproxyfen, thiamethoxam, and their mixture on the hemato-biochemical profile of Cyprinus carpio over a 30-day exposure period. The 96 h LC₅₀ values, determined via probit analysis, were 5.49 µg/L for carbosulfan, 8.91 µg/L for pyriproxyfen, and 11.48 µg/L for thiamethoxam. A total of 150 fish were divided into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5), with 50 specimens in each group, and each treatment was replicated three times. Group G1 served as the control, while groups G2-G5 were exposed to 2.74 µg/L carbosulfan, 4.45 µg/L pyriproxyfen, 5.74 µg/L thiamethoxam, and a mixture of all three pesticides, respectively. The concentrations used correspond to 50% of each pesticide's 96 h LC₅₀ value. Blood samples were collected on the 15^th and 30^th days from both control and exposed groups for hemato-biochemical assessment. Results showed a significant (p < 0.05) decline in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets, along with increased white blood cells across all treated groups. Mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in pyriproxyfen- and thiamethoxam-treated groups increased insignificantly on day 15, but significantly (p < 0.05) on day 30 compared with controls. Pesticide exposure also resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum total protein, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and thyroid hormones (T₃ and T₄). Conversely, glucose, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, iron, thyroid-stimulating hormone, cortisol, and liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase showed significant (p < 0.05) increases. The toxicity ranking was carbosulfan > mixture > pyriproxyfen > thiamethoxam. Our findings highlight the adverse effects of the combined use of the selected pesticides and support the efficacy of the multi-biomarker approach in elucidating the toxicological mechanisms induced by pesticide exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and cellular responses of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to different shapes and sizes of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics.","authors":"Hyeonji Nam, Jinyoung Song, Yooeun Chae, Jin Soo Choi, June-Woo Park","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02930-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02930-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in marine environments and have become a major source of environmental pollution. Although fragmented and fibrous MPs are the most abundant shapes in marine environment, studies on shape- and size-dependent MP toxicity in marine benthic bivalves remain limited. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the chronic effects of different shapes and sizes of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs on Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, and investigate their physiological and cellular responses. The mortality of R. philippinarum showed no changes at all concentrations of fragmented and fibrous MPs. The respiration rate of R. philippinarum induced by large fragmented MPs was recovered to the control level at 6 h, however, fibrous MPs significantly decreased compared to the control. In particular, fibrous MPs significantly increased and decreased filtration rate and lysosomal membrane stability, respectively, whereas the fragmented MPs showed no significant differences. These results enhance our understanding of the potential toxicological risks posed by MPs of various shapes and sizes to benthic organisms in marine environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of bisphenol A and S, on oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and fatty acid composition in sea cucumber, Holothuria poli.","authors":"Maroua Jenzri, Zied Bouraoui, Hamadi Guerbej, Jamel Jebali, Tahar Gharred","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02925-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02925-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenols, recognized as emerging environmental pollutants, are widely detected in marine ecosystems, raising concerns about their potential toxicity to marine organisms. This study investigates the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS), individually and in combination, on the biochemical responses of the sea cucumber Holothuria poli. Sea cucumbers (n = 60) were exposed to 200 µg/L BPA, BPS, or a combination of both for 12 days. The results indicated that exposure to BPA and BPS induced oxidative stress, evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.05) and elevated activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase, along with enhanced glutathione levels (p < 0.05). A significant rise in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity (p < 0.05) suggested potential neurotoxic effects and disruptions in neurological functions in sea cucumbers. Additionally, BPA and BPA + BPS significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p < 0.05), indicating altered phosphatase metabolism. Changes in the fatty acid profile, including variations in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), palmitic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, and linolenic acid levels, were observed, linked to oxidative stress and adaptive strategies to mitigate bisphenol toxicity. In conclusion, exposure to BPA and BPS induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and altered fatty acid composition in H. poli. These findings suggest that sea cucumbers could serve as sensitive bioindicators for monitoring environmental contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated assessment of water quality: influence of physicochemical parameters and ecotoxicological impacts under different flow conditions of lonqueador river, Southern Brazil.","authors":"Clisley Marielly Ribeiro Lameira, Anna Karolina Gomes Oliveira, Daniela Carolina Antes, Cassiano Aparecido de Souza, Patricia Aline Bressiani, Mariah Pereira Rosa da Silva, Ana Carolina Pires Moreira, Ana Paula de Oliveira Schmitz, Juan Carlos Pokrywiecki, Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki, Fernando César Manosso, Eduardo Michel Vieira Gomes, Rodrigo Lingnau, Gisele Arruda, Franciele Aní Caovilla Follador, Igor Vivian de Almeida, Elisângela Düsman","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02924-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02924-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive land use and unplanned urban expansion have placed increasing demands and growing stresses on water resources. This study presents an integrated assessment of water quality in the Lonqueador River in southwestern Paraná, Brazil, combining physicochemical analyses and ecotoxicological assays using multiple bioindicators. Water samples were collected at seven sites (P1 to P7) distributed along the river, from its source in the municipality of Marmeleiro to its confluence with the Marrecas River in the urban area of Francisco Beltrão. P1 and P2 represent predominantly agricultural and forested areas, while P3 reflects a transitional zone characterized by expanding urban development, industrial activity, and a major road junction. P4 covers a peri-urban area, and P5, P6, and P7 lie in fully urbanized zones. Sampling campaigns were conducted during high-flow (H) and low-flow (L) periods. The water samples showed inhibition growth and development of Aspergillus nidulans (P1 to P7, H and L, except P4H and P6H), mortality/immobility of Artemia salina (P6L, P7L, P3H), escape of Eisenia fetida worms (P7L), cytotoxicity to Huh7.5 cells (P7L), emergence of nuclear alterations (P1H, P2 H and L, P3H, P5 H and L, P7L) and micronucleus (P1H, P2H, P3H, P4H, P5H, P7H) in Lithobates catesbeianus, and cytotoxic (P1H, P2H, P5H, P7H) and mutagenic (P5L) effect on Allium cepa. Heavy metals, particularly manganese, were detected in higher concentrations during high flow, whereas hormones E1, E2, and EE2 were more frequent during low flow. These findings highlight the importance of integrated approaches for monitoring and managing water quality in watersheds.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144559519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally relevant concentrations of butachlor inhibited the development of the green toad (Bufotes viridis sitibundus) during the incubation period.","authors":"Alireza Pesarakloo, Zahra Zarei, Sayed Jamal Mirkamali, Milad Esmaeilbeigi","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02922-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02922-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Butachlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in agricultural areas throughout the world. Studies have measured the toxicity of butachlor in single life stages of amphibians, however, less attention has been paid to the impacts of this herbicide on various life stages. Therefore, we collected the eggs of the green toad Bufotes viridis sitibundus from a clean environment with no history of pesticides. We then exposed the collected eggs to environmentally relevant concentrations of butachlor (1.5, 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, and 0.1 mg/L) and measured the growth, survival, and development of green toads during the incubation period. We also measured five different responses i.e., length at the beginning of metamorphosis (LBM), length at the formation of forelimb bud (LFF), length at the end of metamorphosis (LEM), weight at the beginning of metamorphosis (WBM), and weight at the end of metamorphosis (WEM) during the incubation period. The survival rate showed an indirect relationship with butachlor concentrations. The longest development duration was recorded for toads reared in the control (110 days), while the shortest duration (9 days) was observed in the highest butachlor concentration (i.e., 1.5 mg/L), with the highest mortality recorded in this treatment- all the eggs dying by days 11 and 9 after the start of incubation. We found a significant difference between the survival of toads in butachlor treatments and the control group (P < 0.05). We observed a significant difference between treatments and the control group in LBM, LFF, LEM, and WEM (P < 0.05), except WBM (P > 0.05). Our findings highlight that butachlor, at environmentally relevant concentrations, inhibited the development of the green toad and mitigated the survival of eggs and larvae, resulting in the unsuccessful completion of development before metamorphosis, a critical life stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic contamination worsens the ecotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cornuta (Sars, 1885) and Echinisca triserialis (Brady, 1886).","authors":"Kumar Rajan, Devesh Kumar Yadav, Ram Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02909-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02909-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of microplastics (MPs) along with agrochemicals is being widely reported from lakes, ponds, and rivers. Microplastic (MP) in association with agrochemicals could have synergistic or antagonistic effects on non-target aquatic organisms and pose ecological risks. The present study explored the combined effects of MP, the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and MP preconditioned with CPF (MP^^CPF) on two cladocerans, Ceriodaphnia cornuta, and Echinisca triserialis in short-term and long-term laboratory bioassay tests. The experimental protocol included an acute bioassay at five different concentrations of MP (25, 40, 100, 200, and 500 particles mL^-1), CPF (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 µgL^-1) and MP^^CPF. Whereas, CPF (0.01 µg L^-1), MP (25 particles mL^-1), and MP^^CPF in 0.01 µg L^-1 of CPF were selected for the chronic bioassay. Upon exposure to CPF, C. cornuta and E. triserialis displayed a dose-dependent mortality pattern with a 48 h LC₅₀ value of 0.06 µgL^-1_. No mortality was observed in the MP only treatment, but when MPs were preconditioned with CPF, the 48 h LC₅₀ value was 0.02 µgL^-1. Chronic exposure to MP, CPF, or MP^^CPF resulted in reduced survival and reproductive output in both the cladocerans. However, C. cornuta was more vulnerable than E. triserialis. A significant delay in age at first reproduction and shorter generation time were observed in the presence of MP^^CPF, suggesting MP-mediated enhanced toxicity of CPF, wherein CPF could have accumulated onto the MP surface, thus, intensifying its toxicity. The enhanced toxicity of organic pollutants by MPs in aquatic environments especially in pelagic organisms is a matter of concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A paired analysis of mercury among non-invasive tissues in Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) to inform conservation monitoring.","authors":"Molly C Simonis, Kimberlee Whitmore, Kristin E Dyer, Meagan Allira, Bret Demory, Matthew M Chumchal, Daniel J Becker","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02928-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10646-025-02928-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contaminants can harm wildlife. However, measuring wildlife exposure to contaminants can be challenging due to accessibility of species and/or sampling tissue matrices needed to assess wildlife health risks. For example, in bats and other taxa that use roosts, collecting feces under colonies minimizes disturbance to species of conservation concern, but fecal contaminant concentrations may not directly correlate with tissue contaminant concentrations. Thus, there is a need for quantifying contaminant exposure relationships between sample matrices for initial risk assessments to address wildlife health and conservation needs. Our goal was to assess the relationship between fecal and fur total mercury (THg) concentrations. We collected paired feces and fur samples (n = 48) from Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) in summer 2023 in western Oklahoma at a maternity roost. At the individual level, we found no correlation between fecal and fur THg. However, at the population level, fur THg concentrations were on average 6.06-times greater than fecal THg concentrations. We conclude that although fecal THg cannot serve as a proxy of individual bat fur THg, population-level differences could be used cautiously to estimate mean fur THg concentrations from under-roost feces and motivate individual-level sampling to assess health impacts. We encourage continued research across other insectivorous bat species and sites for determining THg relationships across tissues and initial risk assessments with minimal disturbance to species of conservation concern when a contaminant point source is not yet known.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) impacts developmental stages of Bufotes sitibundus: threat of an invasive plant to the amphibian species.","authors":"Alireza Pesarakloo, Fakhrossadat Mousavizadeh, Sayed Jamal Mirkamali, Masoumeh Najibzadeh, Milad Esmaeilbeigi","doi":"10.1007/s10646-025-02923-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-025-02923-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive species threaten biodiversity by disrupting biological interactions. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is recognized as one of the world's top 100 weed species and among the ten worst aquatic weeds. This study examines the impact of extracts from this non-native invasive plant on the survival, growth, and metamorphosis of Bufotes sitibundus larvae, a species of anuran amphibian. Due to the presence of phenolic compounds and heavy metals, invasive plants can significantly affect anuran development, yet these threats remain largely unstudied in amphibians. We observed increased mortality in larvae exposed to water hyacinth extracts, which we attribute to reduced oxygen availability linked to high concentrations of phenolic compounds, such as (E)-23-ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3.beta.-ol and 3-Hydroxyspirost-8-en-11-one, as well as the terpenoid gibberellin A3. These phenolic compounds may impair gill function, contributing to decreased survival rates. Additionally, the presence of heavy metals in the extracts adversely impacts survival, growth, body length, and metamorphosis. The invasive water hyacinth can lead to significant alterations in pond ecosystems, producing both direct and indirect effects on amphibian survival. Our findings offer crucial insights into the effects of water hyacinth extracts on amphibians, encompassing egg development, growth, mortality, and metamorphosis, potentially impacting the biology and ecology of Bufotes sitibundus during the critical developmental stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":11497,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}