{"title":"Lifting of the Corporate Veil: Decoding the Doctrine of Separate Legal Personality","authors":"Shaheen Banoo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3609245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3609245","url":null,"abstract":"“Lifting of the Corporate Veil; Departure from the Separate Personality Principle?” Solomon's case is a fountainhead of the Separate Personality Principle. Back in the year 1897 the legal world witnessed the literal interpretation of the law by the House of lords forsaking the principles of equity and fairness. However, the doctrine of the lifting of the corporate veil means moving the iron curtain a little to peek into the backstage of the company to see who're people behind the company and to also know about the real minds behind a company. The paper discusses a myriad of instances when lifting the iron curtain becomes necessary to see the backstage of a company only to appreciate the purpose of its incarnation better in the first place. The doctrine of the lifting of the corporate veil acts as a check on anyone attempting to benefit out of their wrongful acts hiding behind the company taking shelter and committing acts which the law otherwise prohibits.<br><br>This paper attempts at explaining how this doctrine has challenged, and yet has helped in enriching the jurisprudence. It further provides an examination of the instances where lifting of the veil is justified for securing the ends of justice. Further, this paper constructs an analysis from the dawn of the doctrine to its present form and is divided into four parts which construct analysis of the concept, and the concomitant issues followed by the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124370762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Appraisal Rights in the US and the EU","authors":"A. Seretakis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3136548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3136548","url":null,"abstract":"Appraisal rights, a protection mechanism for minority shareholders, have recently captured the attention of academics and policymakers. The rise of a new breed of hedge funds which specialize in so-called appraisal arbitrage has resulted in a spectacular increase in appraisal petitions in connection with M&A transactions in the US and has led to calls for a tighter regulation of the appraisal remedy. Despite the growing popularity of appraisal rights in the US, this protection mechanism remains underutilized by shareholders in the EU. After discussing the general framework for merger transactions in the US and the EU, the present chapter will seek to offer an examination of appraisal rights in the US and the EU. Furthermore, it will discuss how shareholders, and in particular hedge funds, exploit the appraisal remedy in order to reap profits and assess the dangers posed by this practice. Finally, the chapter will seek to decipher the factors that have led to the growing use of the appraisal remedy in the US and its underutilization in EU.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134284569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Replacing Executive Equity Compensation: The Case for Cash for Long-Term Performance","authors":"Nitzan Shilon","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3131613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3131613","url":null,"abstract":"I argue that executive equity pay in U.S. public firms is undesirable and should be replaced with cash awards for attaining long-term performance criteria. \u0000Paying top executives in equity (stock and stock options) is the most significant reform of executive compensation in our generation, universally welcomed not only by firms but also by academics, investors, and policy makers. Yet I argue that equity compensation is undesirable. It provides perverse incentives for managers to destroy shareholder value and behave manipulatively and recklessly. It is also economically wasteful, and its wastefulness, which is exacerbated by agency costs and cognitive biases, significantly contributes to the immense explosion of executive compensation. \u0000Instead, I suggest a radical proposal: to replace such equity pay arrangements with carefully designed cash-for-performance schemes in which executives are rewarded in cash for attaining predetermined long-term performance measures. I further recommend that this reform be implemented systemically and that the tax and disclosure rules that are applied to cash incentive remuneration be placed on a level playing field with those that are applied to equity incentive pay. This reform is expected to eliminate the significant costs of equity compensation and make incentive pay more effective, transparent, cheap, and better tied to performance, while retaining the limited incentive benefits generated by current equity compensation arrangements.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"68 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113944382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Law: A Historical Perspective from India","authors":"Umakanth Varottil","doi":"10.4337/9781784717667.00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781784717667.00023","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical evolution of corporate law in India from the first corporate legislation in 1850 until the present in order to assess the manner in which such legislation has addressed the question of corporate purpose. Such evolution straddles the colonial period until 1947 when Indian companies legislation largely replicated parallel English legislation, and the post-colonial period when Indian corporate law began to deviate from its English origins on several aspects. \u0000As this paper demonstrates, early companies legislation in India during the colonial period largely treated a company as a private matter (similar to the nexus of contracts theory) with limited focus (if at all) on non-shareholder constituencies. This was consistent with the role of management in ensuring shareholder value maximization. This can be attributed to England’s own focus in that direction at the time. However, in the years following decolonization in 1947, the purpose of the company began undergoing metamorphosis with greater prominence being given to the public nature of the company and the impact of its actions on society. After a brief oscillation in the approach in the 1990s, recent reforms in corporate law culminating in the enactment of the Companies Act, 2013 have firmly ensconced the company within the framework of the stakeholder theory, and away from a pure shareholder maximization approach advocated by the nexus of contracts theory. The reasons for this sea change in approach are embedded in the political economy of the country, especially in the years following independence.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116433385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Russian Capital Markets and Shareholder Litigation: Quo Vadis?","authors":"Yuliya Guseva","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3073811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3073811","url":null,"abstract":"This Article examines Russian securities law, case law, and market data. To an international observer, Russian capital markets and securities law may appear ostensibly ordinary, albeit placed within an unstable socioeconomic milieu. Securities law and disclosure rules seem somewhat similar to those in the U.S., whereas corporate law provisions are an amalgam of U.S.-U.K.-West European principles. At the same time, a number of hidden trends affect capital markets, the heart of any economy. Those trends upend this fluid Westernized amalgam and may even be linked to the communist past of the country. \u0000 \u0000The capital market portico is typically propped up by robust market infrastructure, public enforcement, private actions, and disclosure rules. Reporting rules enable investors and regulators to act upon the information and improve market monitoring. Out of the four elements, it appears that only the Russian reporting requirements are of adequate quality. Does this single pillar provide sufficient support to the Russian capital markets? It is unlikely that without better shareholder monitoring and more efficient market infrastructure, the mandatory disclosure regime will single-handedly prop up the capital market machinery. The Article urges Russian policymakers to take, first, a more pro-shareholder and pro-plaintiff view on private litigation, public enforcement, and corporate governance, and, second, a more pro-private-exchange policy stance.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128721784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Corporate Governance on Operational Performance of Listed Companies In the Stock Exchange of Thailand","authors":"Piyanat Thunputtadom, Tharinee Pongsupatt, Sillapaporn Srijunpetch, Titaporn Sincharoonsak, Montree Chuaychoo, Suree Bosakoranut","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3185385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3185385","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the variation of the corporate governance mechanisms which effects on the operational performance of listed companies in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). The qualitative research methods were used to collect data and used the Panel Data Random Effects to analyze data. The research sampling was selected from the listed Companies in the SET, recorded during 2011-2015. The selected 1,665 listed Companies were used to analyze the impact of the corporate governance. The research results found that corporate governance mechanism, CEO Duality and the number of board meeting held the significant negative impacts on the operational performance of listed companies in the SET. Whereas the board size and the board independence have no significant impacts on the operational performance of listed companies in the SET.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133371853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Judicial Intervention in Directors’ Decision-Making Process: Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006","authors":"Ernest Lim","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3103345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3103345","url":null,"abstract":"Section 172 of the Companies Act 2006 has been criticised for being unfit for purpose in a post-financial crisis world, given that it is very difficult to hold directors liable under this provision. Although courts should not second-guess board decisions, it does not follow that they should be precluded from intervening in boards’ decision-making process through the adoption of a searching standard of review when they assess whether directors have breached s. 172. This article advances and defends a framework — the heightened review — to evaluate board decision-making process under this provision. It is argued that the “heightened review” is beneficial to the company and is supported by case law and policy considerations.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123903053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Class Stock Structures and Society: How Unequal Voting Rights Affect Innovation, Insiders, Investors, and the Public","authors":"Martin Chang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3397959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3397959","url":null,"abstract":"Publicly traded stocks often have less legal rights attached to them (in terms of voting, for example) than the class of stocks held by company insiders. This paper analyzes the winners and losers of such structures with multiple classes of stocks, and whether regulation is appropriate. I argue that governmental regulation would cause more harm than good, and that self-regulation within the industry--which itself is made up of opposing interests--is more appropriate.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122529965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Director's Duty of Loyalty and the Relevance of the Company's Scope of Business: Cheng Wai Tao v Poon Ka Man Jason","authors":"Pearlie M. C. Koh","doi":"10.1111/1468-2230.12294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12294","url":null,"abstract":"The Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal has utilised a ‘scope of business’ inquiry to delineate the boundaries of the no-conflict rule for the company director. Such an inquiry is directed at discerning the realistic ability of the company to exploit any particular business opportunity and a strict capacity approach is eschewed, at least where the no-conflict rule is concerned. The decision is premised on a bifurcation between the no-conflict and no-profit rules, suggesting that the tests to determine breach of these fiduciary rules are not necessarily the same, thus permitting a more nuanced consideration of directorial breaches.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130630152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How the Sharing Economy Is Transforming 'Corporate Governance'","authors":"M. Fenwick, E. Vermeulen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2945294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2945294","url":null,"abstract":"Snap’s IPO with no voting rights shows there is disagreement on what good governance means. Some experts viewed the founders’ total control over Snap, and the resulting lack of accountability to shareholders, as a “banana republic approach” to corporate governance. Others believe that Snap’s IPO shifts the balance from shareholders to stakeholders. But perhaps this is the wrong discussion. In an age of disruptive technology, the sharing economy and a millennial culture, the traditional perspective needs to change. A new “corporate governance” needs to be designed around this new reality.","PeriodicalId":114900,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Corporate Governance International (Topic)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127105992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}