Earth and Planetary Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Eoarchean TTG formation via melt-solid interaction at the base of the Tanzania Craton inferred from multi-proxy detrital zircon data","authors":"Robert Bolhar ,&nbsp;Axel Hofmann ,&nbsp;Balz S. Kamber ,&nbsp;Martin J. Whitehouse ,&nbsp;Roland Maas ,&nbsp;Jeffrey D. Vervoort ,&nbsp;Heejin Jeon ,&nbsp;Manuela Botero ,&nbsp;Joas Kabete","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detrital zircon grains with U-Pb ages &gt;3.8 Ga from the Tanzania Craton represent a rare, and so far understudied, record of early crust formation in Africa. Here we report microbeam-based isotopic (U-Th-Pb, Lu-Hf, O) and trace element (REE, U, Th, Ti) compositions for Eoarchean to Hadean grains from Tanzania and discuss this record in the context of early crust formation. Zircon, extracted from a pre-3.2 Ga quartzite sequence in the Simba-Nguru Hills of the Dodoma Basement Complex, has ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages of 4013 to 3482 Ma. The most concordant analyses are spread between 4.0 and 3.6 Ga. Oscillatory-zoned zircons preserve magmatic REE patterns, and Ti-in-zircon model temperatures of 818 ± 33 °C suggest crystallisation from TTG-like magmas. Estimates of oxygen fugacity (fO₂) derived from zircon REE systematics (-3.4 to +1.8 ΔFMQ) match both modern and Archean mantle values. Zircon δ¹⁸O largely overlaps the ‘mantle’ range through the entire 400 Ma age span and initial ε_Hf values are near-chondritic, becoming slightly more juvenile with time. These signatures are difficult to reconcile with zircon parent rocks derived from strongly depleted (high-ε_Hf) mantle-like sources, from old and evolved continental crust, or from strongly hydrated sources with a low-temperature, high-δ¹⁸O signature. Thus, the data add to a growing body of evidence that the early Earth crust was formed from chondritic mantle. We propose zircon to have crystallised in TTG magmas that formed through reaction of underplated basalt with mafic granulite at the Moho of the proto-continental crust, likely in an intraplate setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119701"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ U-Pb dating of early marine carbonate cements constrains the age of the late Ediacaran lower Nama Group, Namibia","authors":"Mariana A. Yilales ,&nbsp;Nick MW Roberts ,&nbsp;Collen-Issia Uahengo ,&nbsp;Nathan Rochelle-Bates ,&nbsp;Fred Bowyer ,&nbsp;Rachel Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The middle-late Ediacaran (∼580 to &gt;533 Ma) saw the emergence and early diversification of animals (metazoans), but the tempo of this event is obscured by a paucity of datable ash beds and uncertainties in global stratigraphic correlation through specific intervals. The Nama Group, Namibia, is of fundamental importance as this succession preserves a diverse terminal Ediacaran fossil assemblage that includes the first appearance of metazoan biomineralization, a key evolutionary innovation. The precise age of the lowermost Nama Group is unknown, however, with best estimates based on global chemostratigraphic correlation and inferred depositional rates suggesting that the onset of deposition was between ca. 555 and 551 Ma. Here we use uranium-lead (U-Pb) radioisotopic dating by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), to date early marine pseudomorphed calcite cements from the lower Nama Group. The analyses yield an absolute age of 549.3 ± 9.8 Ma and constitute the first independent time constraint for the lowermost Nama Group. The result is consistent with current chemostratigraphic age models and validates the use of <em>in-situ</em> U-Pb dating of early marine carbonate cements to constrain depositional ages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119787"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment provenance and transport pathways along the Atlantic Iberian Margin","authors":"Sara Campderrós ,&nbsp;Leopoldo D. Pena ,&nbsp;Ester Garcia-Solsona ,&nbsp;Eduardo Paredes-Paredes ,&nbsp;Albert Català ,&nbsp;Jaime Frigola ,&nbsp;Negar Haghipour ,&nbsp;Isabel Cacho","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Atlantic Iberian margin is a dynamic region where oceanographic processes interact with continental sediment, influencing transport and deposition. To identify sediment sources and dominant transport dynamics we combine ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Ɛ_Nd measurements on terrigenous sediments and ¹⁴C dating of planktonic foraminifera from core-tops along the margin. We present a new dataset of Sr-Nd isotope data from the Iberian Peninsula to characterize the isotopic composition of main river basins, considered potential sediment sources alongside African dust. By solving a ternary isotope mixing system, combined with a new statistical method to account for endmember isotopic distributions, we quantify the relative contribution of source areas to our samples. Our results reveal: 1) the margin is characterized by three isotopically distinct regions, 2) African dust is an important component of the terrigenous sediment (∼60 %), 3) regional differences in isotopic values reflect the influence of major river discharges: Guadalquivir in the south, Tagus in the centre, and Douro in the north, and 4) sediment transport follows a net northward direction along-slope. This sediment transport is attributed to the northward-flowing Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), which entrains and redistributes sediments along-slope. This is further supported by foraminifera ¹⁴C results, showing older radiocarbon ages along the MOW path, indicating sediment erosion. In contrast, younger radiocarbon ages are consistently found below MOW depths. The combined ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, Ɛ_Nd and ¹⁴C data suggest that MOW flow reduces sediment deposition along its path, transporting sediments northward, where it predominantly settles below the interface between MOW and the underlying North East Atlantic Deep Water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the 3D structure and behaviour of Icelandic crystal mushes from gabbroic nodules","authors":"Rahul Subbaraman ,&nbsp;Margaret E. Hartley ,&nbsp;Jonathan Fellowes ,&nbsp;Margherita Polacci ,&nbsp;Barbara Bonechi ,&nbsp;Lucia Pappalardo ,&nbsp;Gianmarco Buono ,&nbsp;David A. Neave","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystal mushes—porous yet cohesive frameworks of crystals interspersed with interstitial melts—form the plumbing systems of most active volcanoes. In Iceland, magmatic plumbing systems are inferred to be constructed from vertically stacked mushy magma reservoirs separated by subsolidus rock. Gabbroic nodules from Gígöldur in central Iceland provide a rare window into the structure, evolution, and degassing behaviour of upper crustal (6–10 km) mushy magma reservoirs. These plagioclase-rich nodules preserve recycled high-An plagioclase cores, rim overgrowths, and interstitial crystallisation of mafic phases, reflecting in situ modification within the final storage reservoir and roof cumulate formation via density-driven segregation. Oscillatory zoning and variable rim patterns indicate that crystals experienced non-steady-state growth and were incorporated into clusters at different times. Compositional similarities between carrier and interstitial melts demonstrate that the final stages of mush evolution occurred in relatively homogeneous melts. Volatile saturation pressures of  ∼ 2.0–2.8 kbar, together with high vesicularities (21–30 vol.%) and extensive connectivities ( &gt; 93 %), are consistent with the presence of a CO₂-rich vapour phase within the mush. Nodules are erupted when a rigid crystal framework and a well-connected bubble network that enables effective degassing, preserve their integrity. When bubble networks fail to form, degassing disrupts the framework—even if initially rigid—causing disaggregation into plagioclase-phyric crystal cargoes, akin to plagioclase-ultraphyric basalts erupted in diverse settings. Nodules record the dynamics of stratified mushy magma reservoirs, the influence of volatiles on mush behaviour, and the transport of crystalline material in active volcanic systems, providing key insights into how crystal mushes shape the storage and mobilisation of magma in the Earth’s crust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mantle flow and deformation of the eastern Adria subduction: New insights from AdriaArray seismic anisotropy","authors":"Laura Petrescu ,&nbsp;Felix Borleanu ,&nbsp;Samuel Celis ,&nbsp;Dániel Kalmár ,&nbsp;the AdriaArray Seismology Group","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Adriatic slab beneath the Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides represents a uniquely segmented and dynamically complex subduction system, where slab tears and edges significantly influence mantle flow patterns. Benefiting from unprecedented dense seismic data from the 2022–2025 AdriaArray deployment, we reveal sharp lateral variations in SKS anisotropy that directly image the mantle’s deformation response to slab fragmentation and subduction processes. Our SKS splitting analysis uncovers a striking spatial dichotomy: near-coastal stations record weak, slab strike-perpendicular anisotropy consistent with focused sub-slab mantle inflow, while inland stations above the subducted plate display robust, slab strike-parallel anisotropy reflecting organized mantle wedge deformation. Interpreted in the context of seismic tomography, our results provide evidence of two distinct slab tears at ∼45°N and ∼42°N. Here, toroidal mantle flow facilitates mantle wedge replenishment, reshaping mantle convection around the subduction system. Moreover, the slab’s north-south geometry varies significantly, influencing observed anisotropy patterns: the northern, thinner slab segment beneath the Dinarides is predominantly characterized by strike-parallel flow, likely occurring in the mantle wedge. The stations above the thicker, deeper southern segment beneath the Albanides-Hellenides exhibit more complex, multi-layered mantle flow, possibly integrating sub-slab, wedge, and slab-internal deformation components. These observations provide unprecedented direct evidence for how tear-induced mantle circulation and segmented subduction modulate mantle dynamics beneath a complex subduction zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial-valley floor faults tell a different story than faults outside the axial valley: the role of dike-induced deformation","authors":"Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Masako Tominaga ,&nbsp;Javier Escartín","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slow-spreading ridges are highly segmented divergent plate boundaries with various modes of magma supply and faulting. Conventionally, magmatism and faulting that accommodate the plate divergence are thought to have an inverse relationship. However, our observations on fine-scale faulting, using high-resolution Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) bathymetry data along the axial-valley floor of the 14°N segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, challenge this hypothesis. We show that axial faulting decreases from the segment center to the segment end as the rate of magma supply decreases and the lithosphere cools. This general pattern is also observed on several other slow-spreading ridge segments. We propose that this pattern relates to the link between fine-scale, newly-created axial faults and fissures and modes of magma supply. At segment centers, diking is frequent and centralized to the ridge axis, yielding strain localization and creating closely-spaced faults, whereas at segment ends, diking is less frequent and more widely distributed, yielding strain delocalization with faults distributed throughout the axial valley floor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119796"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope effects (Cl, O, C) of heterogeneous electrochemistry induced by Martian dust activities","authors":"Neil C. Sturchio ,&nbsp;Hao Yan ,&nbsp;Alian Wang ,&nbsp;W. Andrew Jackson ,&nbsp;Huiming Bao ,&nbsp;Chuck Y.C. Yan ,&nbsp;Linnea J. Heraty ,&nbsp;Yu Wei ,&nbsp;Quincy H.K. Qu ,&nbsp;Kevin S. Olsen","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some oxidized compounds in Martian soils may form through heterogeneous electrochemistry (HEC) stimulated by electrostatic discharge (ESD) during dust storms and dust devils. To test this hypothesis, we conducted medium-strength ESD experiments in a Mars simulation chamber and analyzed the Cl, O, and C isotopic compositions of the resulting chloride, (per)chlorate, and carbonate products. These ESD products exhibit substantial mass-dependent depletions in heavy isotopes relative to the reactants: ε³⁷Cl from -11.3 ‰ to +2.0 ‰, ε¹⁸O from -34.5 ‰ to -12.9 ‰, and ε¹³C around -11.4 ‰. These results, when compared with isotopic measurements from recent Mars missions (ESA’s ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument package aboard NASA’s Curiosity rover) and Martian meteorites, indicate that HEC induced by Martian dust activities can account for a substantial portion of the (per)chlorates and carbonates identified at the surface of Mars and the HCl in its atmosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From seal to pathway: carbonate veins reveal fluid flow in the clay-rich strike-slip Yangsan Fault, South Korea","authors":"Luca Smeraglia ,&nbsp;Youngbeom Cheon ,&nbsp;Chang-Min Kim ,&nbsp;Andrea Billi ,&nbsp;Chiara Boschi ,&nbsp;Ilaria Baneschi ,&nbsp;Stefano M. Bernasconi ,&nbsp;Andrea Fiorini ,&nbsp;Eugenio Carminati","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clay-rich fault cores are commonly considered low-permeability barriers to across-fault fluid flow. However, increasing field-based evidence revealed syn-tectonic mineralizations within such fault cores, raising questions about their long-term hydraulic behavior, particularly during seismic events. This study investigates calcite veins and slickenfibres from the clay-rich fault core and damage zone of the 200-km-long strike-slip Yangsan Fault in South Korea, the major intraplate active fault in this region, by integrating structural and microstructural analyses with stable and clumped isotope geochemistry. Our data reveal that meteoric fluids downward infiltrated the fault damage zone over long time periods (possibly since late Cretaceous time), heated with depth according to the geothermal gradient, mixed with local formation water, and laterally infiltrated (i.e. across-fault) through a network of foliation planes into the clay-rich fault core, possibly affecting fault strength. We also propose meteoric water mixing with hydrothermal fluids derived by Late Cretaceous and Paleogene granite emplacement. We infer that mineralizations precipitated during different stages of the seismic cycle. Slickenfibres along fault-parallel foliation and shear planes probably precipitated during post-seismic to interseismic creep. Precipitation of foliation parallel extensional veins and stockwork veins probably occurred during the co-seismic phase due to earthquake fracturing. We speculate that transient pressurized fluid release may have occurred during the co-seismic phase. These findings challenge the prevailing view of clay-rich fault cores as static fluid barriers, instead pointing to a dynamic sealing behavior that evolves with the seismic cycles and over long-term geological timescales. Both slow, long-term interseismic fluid infiltration and rapid, short-term co-seismic fluid flow must be accounted for modeling the permeability of clay-rich faults in risk assessments for CO₂ and H₂ storage sites or for resource (hydrocarbons, geothermal fluids) exploration, especially in seismically active areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual mass-independently fractionated oxygen present in solids accreted during planetesimal formation in the early Solar System: potential evidence from main group pallasites","authors":"Martin F. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondritic meteorites, the oldest known solids in the Solar System, are characterised by ‘mass-independently fractionated’ (MIF) oxygen isotopic compositions, with δ¹⁷O variations approximately equal to those of δ¹⁸O. The apparent absence of this characteristic from nearly all other oxygen-bearing constituents of early-formed asteroids, together with the brief formation interval for CAIs, indicates that the process responsible was localised and of short duration in the context of Solar System evolution. From reassessing a recent study of main group pallasite meteorites, it is argued that the oxygen isotopic compositions of their coexisting olivine and chromite potentially provide evidence that a minor component of solids containing MIF oxygen was accreted during formation of the parent planetesimal, or its precursors, shortly after CAI formation. Modelling indicates that a contribution of ∼1.6 ± 0.3 % conforming to δ¹⁷O ∼ δ¹⁸O – γ, for γ assigned as –1.21 or –3.45 (from literature data) is consistent with the reported measurements. If true, and the pallasite olivine and chromite derived from the mantle of an impacted planetesimal and the IIIAB parent body respectively, as proposed elsewhere, then a ‘residual’ MIF oxygen component must have been present in solids accreted by those early planetesimals, probably in the same feeder zone. A testable prediction is that such residual MIF oxygen may similarly have been accreted in more early-formed planetesimals than recognised hitherto. If so, its presence should be detectable from comparable measurements of coexisting oxygen-bearing minerals in the associated meteorites, subject to the δ¹⁸O range being of sufficient magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic controls on erosional efficiency vary with lithology across the Himalaya","authors":"Kevin Shao ,&nbsp;Seulgi Moon ,&nbsp;Gen K. Li ,&nbsp;Peter J. Haproff ,&nbsp;An Yin ,&nbsp;Lee B. Corbett ,&nbsp;Paul R. Bierman ,&nbsp;Marina O. Argueta ,&nbsp;Alan J. Hidy","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although climate can strongly influence erosional efficiency (i.e., erosion rate for a given topography), demonstrating its impact in tectonically active areas has been challenging due to other confounding controlling factors, such as lithology. Here, we show that ¹⁰Be-derived erosion rates and efficiencies in the Himalayan orogen exhibit distinct relationships with climatic factors depending on lithology. We compile 173 ¹⁰Be-derived, basin-averaged erosion rates across the orogen, including 12 newly measured rates from the Dibang and Lohit valleys in the easternmost Himalaya, regions characterized by high precipitation magnitudes and variability. We group basins based on lithologies separated by orogen-scale thrust faults and quantify erosional efficiency coefficients based on the relationships between erosion rates and topographic metrics. Our results show that erosion rates and erosional efficiency from sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks along the Himalayan range front display a positive, nonlinear correlation with climatic factors, such as the number of extreme rainfall events and mean annual precipitation rates. In contrast, erosion rates from crystalline lithologies in the hanging wall of the Main Central thrust show a strong correlation with fluvial topography, whereas erosional efficiency shows no statistically significant correlation with climatic factors. Rapid erosion rates and high erosional efficiencies in the eastern Himalayan range front are likely driven by extreme precipitation on tectonically active, steep slopes composed of mechanically weak metasedimentary rocks. Our findings highlight the importance of the interplay between controlling factors, which include tectonics, lithology, and climate, that drive surface erosion and influence the topographic evolution of orogenic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"676 ","pages":"Article 119808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}