Earth and Planetary Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Retroarc foreland basins document past oceanic subduction history","authors":"Xuesong Ding ,&nbsp;Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retroarc foreland basins are natural laboratories for reconstructing the history of oceanic plate subduction. However, disentangling that history from the basin stratigraphic record remains challenging due to lack of quantification of how oceanic subduction and other geological processes separately or collectively affect the basin sedimentation. We aim to partially fill that gap by modeling the stratigraphic record of retroarc foreland basins under various subduction and mountain building events. We systematically evaluate the impacts of four parameters - slab geometry (or slab dip <em>θ</em>), surface uplift rate (<em>U</em>), elastic thickness of overriding plate (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), and surface erosion efficiencies (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>κ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) - on basin geometry and stratigraphic patterns. Our results reveal that shallow basin geometries are promoted by high <em>θ</em> and <em>U</em>, and low <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>κ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. Basin width increases as <em>U</em> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>κ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> increase, but exhibits no universal scaling with <em>θ</em> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, due to its dependence on sediment supply to the basin. Progradation of fluvial deposits positively correlates to the magnitude of flexural rebound (uplift), suggesting a novel proxy for estimating lithospheric elastic thickness. Furthermore, our model demonstrates that slab flattening can drive large-scale depocenter migration, mirroring the patterns observed in the Cordilleran retroarc basins in North America. Lastly, by normalizing basin geometry, we categorize accommodation-dominant or supply-dominant basins, which helps to evaluate the relative contribution of operated processes on basin formation. This work advances quantitative linkages between stratigraphic architecture and the interplay of subduction dynamics, mountain building, and surface processes, offering predictive tools to extract past geodynamic and tectonic signals from stratigraphic records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119412"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic evolution and thermal structure of the Gold Butte normal fault block, Nevada: New insights from multiple diffusion domain (MDD) 40Ar/39Ar K–feldspar analyses","authors":"Martin S. Wong ,&nbsp;Phillip B. Gans","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Gold Butte normal fault block in Nevada has been interpreted as one of the structurally thickest intact upper crustal sections exposed in the western United States. As such, this fault block has been extensively used as a natural laboratory both to investigate the tectonics of large magnitude extension, as well as to evaluate new and existing thermochronometers. However, recent work has led to debate about the tectonic history of the region and the degree to which the fault block is intact. We report new thermochronologic results derived from multiple diffusion domain (MDD) modeling of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar K-feldspar analyses that shed new light on the accuracy of this method as well as the tectonic evolution of the fault block. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar K-feldspar ages decrease systematically towards the west to a paleodepth of ∼14 km and MDD models accurately reproduce many key features of the known tectonothermal history of the fault block, including the inception, rate, and magnitude of rapid cooling produced by tectonic exhumation. These MDD models also yield Miocene temperatures that match the known pre-extensional thermal structure of the block from other thermochronologic studies. These results provide strong evidence that MDD modeling of K-feldspar analyses can provide geologically meaningful and accurate continuous thermal histories. At the deepest inferred paleodepths however, the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar K-feldspar data show a clear repetition of the age gradients and MDD models yield Miocene temperatures that are 80–100 °C cooler than models assuming an intact fault block predict. We propose that the deepest parts of the block lie in the hanging wall of a previously unrecognized normal fault that repeats the westernmost part of the block. An analysis of prior thermochronology strongly supports this hypothesis. These results demonstrate the utility of high precision ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar K-feldspar analyses and MDD models for resolving structural and tectonic problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of moderately volatile elements in Earth inferred from mass-dependent Ge isotope variations among chondrites","authors":"Elias Wölfer ,&nbsp;Christoph Burkhardt ,&nbsp;Francis Nimmo ,&nbsp;Thorsten Kleine","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bulk silicate Earth (BSE) is depleted in moderately volatile elements, indicating Earth formed from a mixture of volatile-rich and -poor materials. To better constrain the origin and nature of Earth's volatile-rich building blocks, we determined the mass-dependent isotope compositions of Ge in carbonaceous (CC) and enstatite chondrites. We find that, similar to other moderately volatile elements, the Ge isotope variations among the chondrites reflect mixing between volatile-rich, isotopically heavy matrix and volatile-poor, isotopically light chondrules. The Ge isotope composition of the BSE is within the chondritic range and can be accounted for as a ∼2:1 mixture of CI and enstatite chondrite-derived Ge. This mixing ratio appears to be distinct from the ∼1:2 ratio inferred for Zn, reflecting the different geochemical behavior of Ge (siderophile) and Zn (lithophile), and suggesting the late-stage addition of volatile-rich CC materials to Earth. On dynamical grounds it has been argued that Earth accreted CC material through a few Moon-sized embryos, in which case the Ge isotope results imply that these objects were volatile-rich, presumably because they were either undifferentiated or accreted volatile-rich objects themselves before being accreted by Earth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early pyroxene crystallisation deep below mid-ocean ridges","authors":"Teresa Ubide ,&nbsp;David T. Murphy ,&nbsp;Robert B. Emo ,&nbsp;Michael W.M. Jones ,&nbsp;Marco A. Acevedo Zamora ,&nbsp;Balz S. Kamber","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oceanic crust grows in mid-ocean ridges where melt generation is followed by magmatic processing through vertically extended mush systems. The composition of global mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) requires early crystallisation of clinopyroxene at depth, however, petrological observations in MORBs (scarce clinopyroxene phenocrysts) and gabbros (clinopyroxene occupying intercumulus space) suggest clinopyroxene crystallisation is late and restricted to relatively low pressure. These competing inferences constitute the long-standing ‘pyroxene paradox’. Here, we report the discovery of rare (up to 4 vol.%) relict clinopyroxene ‘cores’ in intercumulus clinopyroxene from the Atlantis Bank slow spreading centre (southwest Indian Ridge ODP Hole 735B). We exploit slowly diffusing trace elements Cr, Zr and Ti to uncover relics that preserve evidence of an early, transported and largely resorbed, mafic pyroxene mush. Using dimensionality reduced semantic segmentation of elemental maps, we define the mode and outline of antecryst cores. The cores have rare earth element systematics that agree with crystallisation from MORB liquids, providing an empirical connection between deep melt crystallisation and erupted basalts. In contrast, clinopyroxene rims are notably enriched in incompatible elements because of late melt-rock reaction in the gabbroic mush. The rims have strong negative Eu anomalies, indicating crystallisation after development of plagioclase-dominated mush at low pressure. Thermodynamic modelling of clinopyroxene crystallisation from MORB parental melts at high pressure (8–10 kbar) reproduces the large spread in MORB Ca-Al-Mg systematics and generates a strong density contrast between the evolving liquid and cumulate pyroxenites. At the buoyancy peak, crystallinity remains low, liquid compositions approach observed MORB chemistries, and clinopyroxene compositions match antecryst cores. Our work supports the idea that polybaric mid-ocean ridge crystal mushes act as multi-stage magma filters, with cryptic clinopyroxene crystallisation as a driver of the early evolution of the oceanic crust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extraterrestrial dust accretion rate on Earth at Dome C, Antarctica: a fresh look with 3He","authors":"G. Fénisse ,&nbsp;D.V. Bekaert ,&nbsp;P.-H. Blard ,&nbsp;J. Duprat ,&nbsp;I. Mattia ,&nbsp;M. Genge ,&nbsp;M.D. Suttle ,&nbsp;O. Barres ,&nbsp;C. Engrand ,&nbsp;Y. Marrocchi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and micrometeorites (MMs), from 1 µm to 5 mm, are the primary source of extraterrestrial (ET) material currently accreted on Earth. The flux of ET particles smaller than ∼50 µm is typically determined through optical counting, but it remains uncertain and may deviate from predictions made by numerical simulations. The volatile element content carried by this flux is still not well-constrained and is influenced by the potential effects of atmospheric heating.</div><div>We developed a clean, pressurized system to extract cosmic dust from ∼38 kg of clean snow collected near the Concordia station (Dome C, Antarctica). We measured helium isotope concentrations in various granulometric fractions (&gt; 62 µm, 25–62 µm, 5–25 µm and &lt; 5 µm). The inferred global ³He_ET annual flux is (1.25±0.03) × 10⁻¹² ccSTP·cm⁻²·ka⁻¹ (weighted mean±1SD), consistent with previous ³He_ET flux estimates from marine sediments and polar samples. Our data shows that the majority of the ³He_ET flux (70 %) is carried by particles in the 5–25 µm size range, with 20 % attributed to the 25–62 µm fraction. Using an empirical relationship between ³He_ET concentrations and cosmic particle mass, we convert these fluxes into a global ET mass flux for particle diameters &lt; 100 µm of (3.5±0.5) kilotons·a⁻¹ (weighted mean±1SD). This result is about 3 times higher than collection estimates from (Rojas et al., 2021) and aligns with CABMOD-ZoDy modeling, after atmospheric entry (Carrillo-Sánchez et al., 2020). This ³He_ET method is suited for detecting particles smaller than 100 µm, while collection results are more relevant for larger fractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Anomalous weathering trends indicate accelerated erosion of tropical basaltic landscapes during the Permo-Triassic warming” [Earth and Planetary Science Letters 577 (2022) 117256]","authors":"Jianghai Yang ,&nbsp;Peter A. Cawood ,&nbsp;Dan J. Condon ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Liu ,&nbsp;Xusheng Deng ,&nbsp;Jingfu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuansheng Du ,&nbsp;Dongxun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119425","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miocene decoupling of surface uplift of the Central Anatolian Plateau interior (Türkiye) and its modern mountainous margins","authors":"Maud J.M. Meijers ,&nbsp;Tamás Mikes ,&nbsp;Bora Rojay ,&nbsp;Erkan Aydar ,&nbsp;H. Evren Çubukçu ,&nbsp;Thomas Wagner ,&nbsp;Tina Lüdecke ,&nbsp;Emilija Krsnik ,&nbsp;Jens Fiebig ,&nbsp;Andreas Mulch","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) forms the western portion of the Turkish-Iranian plateau and has mostly remained above sea level since ca. 41 Ma. However, the current topography of the CAP has predominantly developed since the Late Miocene, with mean elevations of ca. 1.0–1.5 km and northern and southern mountainous margins with peak elevations that locally exceed 3 km. To clarify patterns of surface uplift, we present paleoelevation estimates for the past 10 Ma by applying stable isotope paleoaltimetry on soil carbonates from the CAP and nearby coastal regions, as well as dual clumped isotope paleothermometry.</div><div>The compiled datasets from the Aegean-Anatolian region display a sustained increase in δ¹⁸O values of soil carbonates after the Miocene, in response to increased regional aridification. Our paleoaltimetry and dual clumped isotope results indicate that the CAP has been at higher elevations than the modern coastal regions since 10 Ma. By ca. 8 − 6 Ma, our refined paleoaltimetry estimates indicate the presence of a ca. 1.5 km-high orographic barrier. However, surface uplift of the Tauride and Pontide mountains on the southern and northern plateau margin postdate surface uplift of the CAP. Therefore, surface uplift of the CAP and its mountainous margins were decoupled during the Late Miocene, implying distinct geodynamic drivers for their asynchronous formation. Given that the Tauride Mts. emerged from the Mediterranean after 7 Ma, we document outward growth of the southern plateau margin since the Late Miocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orosirian cold eclogite from Baltica marks the onset of modern plate tectonics","authors":"Xiaoli Li,&nbsp;Lifei Zhang,&nbsp;Chunjing Wei,&nbsp;Guibing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When plate tectonics first emerged on Earth is still debated, it may have evolved gradually since the Archean. Evidence from the petrologic record suggested that the modern style plate tectonics, characterized by orogenic processes of low T/P (temperature to pressure) metamorphism may have only begun in the Neoproterozoic. Here we present the oldest known cold subduction eclogites from the Belomorian Province (BP) in Baltica. Alongside other contemporaneous low T/P metamorphic records worldwide, we conclude that modern plate tectonics initiated in the Orosirian and was linked to the Columbia supercontinent event. Two types of eclogites with distinct protolith origins and petrological-mineralogical characteristics from the Kuru-Vaara (KV) complex in the BP were investigated. The prograde metamorphism to eclogite facies is defined by the chemical annuli of garnet and therein mineral inclusions, and peak conditions of 680-710 °C and 2.4 GPa (290 ± 6 °C/GPa) are inferred by pseudosection method. The post-peak evolution is recorded by clinopyroxene-plagioclase symplectite and clinopyroxene breakdown with quartz-amphibole/orthopyroxene lamellae exsolution, and various low-grade hydrous minerals. Zircon isotopic-chemical analyses indicate that the protolith of each type of eclogite was emplaced 2.75-2.74 and 2.5 billion years ago (Ga), respectively, under different tectonic settings, but both were metamorphosed to eclogite facies during a single orogenic cycle before 1.89-1.87 Ga. The Orosirian Belomorian eclogite seems to have undergone tectonometamorphic evolution similar to that of the Miocene Himalayan high-pressure counterpart. We propose that a potential prototype mega-orogen existed in the Orosirian, comparable to the Himalayan Orogen, as the result of modern plate tectonics initiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Cretaceous-Paleogene crustal thickness in southern Tibet using quartz-zircon chronobarometry","authors":"T. Mark Harrison ,&nbsp;Casey A. Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Ming-Chang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge of the crustal thickness history of southern Tibet during the India-Asia collision is key to understanding what deformation mechanisms accommodated northward propagating crustal shortening. Thermoisotopic models suggest that a relatively thin margin of southern Asia persisted from ca. 200 to 45 Ma whereas trace element paleodepth proxies are interpreted to indicate a thinning phase from ca. 100 to 65 Ma when the crust reached ∼30 km-thickness. As neither of these methods directly measures crustal thickness, resolution of this conflict awaits development of a method that can. In this study we place bounds on the thickening history of southern Tibet using coupled quartz-zircon thermobarometry and U-Pb geochronology of granitoid plutons in the Gangdese batholith. We find that crustal thicknesses were as high (or higher) as 60–75 km at 65 Ma, or 10–15 Ma prior to the onset of hard continental collision. Magmatic inflation in the lower crust likely contributed to crustal thickening and thermal weakening of the lower crust, suggesting that pure shear in the lower crust was likely the primary accommodation mechanism for N-S shortening during collision. These data are in partial agreement with results of thermoisotopic models of crustal thickness but contradict thickness histories derived from empirical trace element proxies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shallow storage conditions at Krafla IDDP-1 revealed by rhyolite-MELTS geobarometry, and implications for global shallow magmatism","authors":"Lydia J. Harmon ,&nbsp;Guilherme A.R. Gualda ,&nbsp;Blake M. Wallrich ,&nbsp;Calvin F. Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying the storage depths of melt-dominated magma bodies prior to eruption is critical for understanding magma transport, eruption hazards, and magma body longevity. Rhyolite-MELTS has been used effectively to calculate pre-eruptive storage pressures for silicic magma bodies in the upper crust (∼100–350 MPa), but its precision and accuracy in very low-pressure systems (&lt;100 MPa) has not been sufficiently investigated. During the 2009 Krafla IDDP-1 drilling project, magma was surprisingly intersected at 2.1 km depth. Here, we test the use of rhyolite-MELTS geobarometry for this very low-pressure system, using natural Krafla IDDP-1 compositions that were intersected at a known depth. We input the composition of the melt (preserved as glass) and search in pressure and temperature and oxygen fugacity (<em>f_O2</em>) spaces to model the storage conditions of the Krafla magma. For the average composition of the drilled glass, rhyolite-MELTS yields reasonable storage pressures (∼40–50 MPa). After converting calculated pressure to depth, the calculated depths are 1.6–1.9 km. These estimates are only 0.2–0.5 km different from that of the intersected magma, showing that rhyolite-MELTS provides excellent estimates for very shallow magma storage, further strengthened by results from a Monte Carlo analysis. The agreement between rhyolite-MELTS pressures and the drilled depth of the Krafla magma supports the previously calculated very shallow storage pressures in other locations, like the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), Aotearoa New Zealand. This shallowest storage zone of melt-dominated magmas has significant implications for modeling volcanic unrest and evaluating geothermal and economic resource potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"663 ","pages":"Article 119421"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}