Earth and Planetary Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Biological nitrogen cycling within terrestrial hot springs: A Mars analogue system","authors":"Toni Galloway ,&nbsp;Claire R. Cousins ,&nbsp;Eva E. Stüeken ,&nbsp;Jon Telling ,&nbsp;Joanne S. Boden ,&nbsp;Christopher E. Stead ,&nbsp;Carla Greco ,&nbsp;Arola Moreras-Martí ,&nbsp;Mark G. Fox-Powell ,&nbsp;Sophie L. Nixon","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Noachian-age (4.1–3.7Ga) hot spring deposits have been identified on Mars, in addition to fixed nitrogen compounds within Martian surface materials, yet the planet’s nitrogen cycle remains enigmatic and implicates the plausibility of a Martian biosphere. On Earth’s surface, nitrogen is cycled almost exclusively by biological processes which create distinctive isotopic fractionations. We combine geochemical and metagenomic analysis to investigate biological nitrogen cycling within four Mars analogue geothermal systems in Iceland ranging in temperature from 37.8 to 57.1 °C, and propose the geochemical parameters that control biological nitrogen fixation as the primary source of nitrogen into the microbial communities present. We find complete nitrogen fixation and ammonium assimilation gene clusters at all sites, which are also the most abundant nitrogen-cycling genes present. Isotopic fractionations (Δ¹⁵ N) of ∼6 ‰ between locally dissolved N₂ gas and biomass are most parsimoniously explained by organisms relying on Mo-independent nitrogenases for fixation of dinitrogen (N₂). This hypothesis is supported by the presence of genes encoding these enzymes in three out of four sites included in this study, in addition to the more commonly used MoFe nitrogenase. Finally, we find that molybdenum availability is low in the Icelandic hot springs investigated, and potentially therefore in Martian hot springs. This may inhibit conventional Mo-dependent nitrogen fixation in such settings and highlights the influence of wider geological conditions on local biochemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"665 ","pages":"Article 119461"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under what circumstances is the final size of a laboratory earthquake predictable at the onset of the P-wave?","authors":"D. Morad ,&nbsp;S. Gvirtzman ,&nbsp;Y. Gil ,&nbsp;J. Fineberg ,&nbsp;E.E. Brodsky","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How do earthquakes begin and what information about this process is contained in a far field seismogram? We present a quantitative analysis of laboratory earthquakes incorporating both laboratory-scale seismic measurements coupled with high-speed imaging of the controlled dynamic ruptures that generated them. We generated variations in the rupture properties by imposing sequences of controlled artificial barriers along the laboratory fault. We first demonstrate that direct measurements of imaged slip events correspond to established seismic analysis of acoustic signals; the seismograms correctly record the rupture moments and maximum moment rates. We then investigate the ruptures’ early growth by comparing their measured seismogram velocities to their final size. Due to higher initial elastic energies imposed prior to nucleation, larger events accelerate more rapidly at the rupture onset. We find that the corresponding seismogram velocities are therefore predictive of the final rupture size. This observation holds in the presence of barriers with one notable exception. Rupture events that overtake a previously arrested rupture are less magnitude predictable, likely because of the stress heterogeneity (and resulting stored elastic energy) induced by the earlier event. For all other events, the higher elastic energy at nucleation results in faster and larger ruptures, and hence the initial seismogram velocity and ultimate size correlate well. This degree of magnitude predictability is consistent with some, but not all recent natural observations. For early warning purposes, we suggest that confining the observational database to the conditions most conducive to magnitude predictability may provide stronger correlations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"665 ","pages":"Article 119436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oligocene atmospheric CO2 drawdown linked to increased land surface weatherability","authors":"Xue-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Yibo Yang ,&nbsp;Daniel E. Ibarra ,&nbsp;Xiaobai Ruan ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Yan ,&nbsp;Jimin Sun ,&nbsp;Chun-Sheng Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Oligocene features a long-term decrease in atmospheric CO₂ levels (<em>p</em>CO₂). However, the driving force of the Oligocene <em>p</em>CO₂ drawdown remains uncertain. Here, we examine the response of silicate chemical weathering to the Oligocene Asian monsoon enhancement in the tectonically active Tibetan Plateau. On tectonic timescales, the silicate weathering rate is elevated in high-weatherability catchments caused by intensive erosion. On orbital timescales, the degree of silicate alteration displays 405-kyr eccentricity cycles, with amplified oscillations corresponding to a vigorous hydrological cycle. Our geologic records, for the first time, reveal that the strength of silicate weathering feedback and CO₂ consumption have increased in a setting of high land surface weatherability. Given the increase in global erosion rate during the Oligocene, the consequent increase in land surface weatherability and weathering feedback strength may modulate the <em>p</em>CO₂ decrease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"665 ","pages":"Article 119462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miocene marine vertebrate trophic ecology reveals megatooth sharks as opportunistic supercarnivores","authors":"Jeremy McCormack ,&nbsp;Iris Feichtinger ,&nbsp;Benjamin T. Fuller ,&nbsp;Klervia Jaouen ,&nbsp;Michael L. Griffiths ,&nbsp;Nicolas Bourgon ,&nbsp;Harry Maisch IV ,&nbsp;Martin A. Becker ,&nbsp;Jürgen Pollerspöck ,&nbsp;Oliver Hampe ,&nbsp;Gertrud E. Rössner ,&nbsp;Alexandre Assemat ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Müller ,&nbsp;Kenshu Shimada","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trophic interactions play pivotal roles in marine vertebrate ecology and evolution. Yet, these parameters are especially difficult to determine in fossil communities. To elucidate past trophic palaeoecology, we apply the zinc isotope proxy in a comprehensive analysis of 19 taxa from an early Miocene marine ecosystem, including the megatooth sharks <em>Otodus megalodon</em>/<em>chubutensis</em>. We find substantial resource partitioning among these taxa, with at least three distinct trophic positions and a general increase in body size of taxa towards the top of the food web. The white shark (<em>Carcharodon carcharias</em>) ancestor <em>Carcharodon hastalis</em> had a distinctly different trophic ecology compared to modern <em>C. carcharias</em>, corresponding to the evolutionary gain of tooth serrations between the two species. A comparison among fossil assemblages indicates that megatooth <em>Otodus</em> sharks possessed a higher dietary flexibility on a population level than previously understood, suggesting that they were opportunistic supercarnivores capable of foraging throughout the food web.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 119392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remnant Tethyan slab fragments beneath northern Türkiye","authors":"Judith M. Confal ,&nbsp;Tuncay Taymaz ,&nbsp;Tuna Eken ,&nbsp;Maximiliano J. Bezada ,&nbsp;Manuele Faccenda","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For hundreds of millions of years, Gondwana and Laurasia were separated by the Paleo- and Neotethyan oceans. Their eventual collision led to the amalgamation of various continental fragments, initiating multiple subduction cycles in the broader Anatolian region. This study presents, for the first time, five finger-like high velocity perturbation anomalies beneath northern Anatolia (Türkiye), identified through high-resolution P-wave tomography at depths ranging from 80 to 250 km. These anomalies may represent shallow remnants of the Neotethyan slab, which may have remained buoyant due to underplating since the early Cenozoic. Their unique geometry and location suggest active mantle flow, possibly linked to either continental-continental subduction or recent lithospheric foundering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 119458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial convective overturn basins: A qualitative model based on salt minibasins","authors":"Emily Stoll,&nbsp;Nadja Drabon","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early Earth tectonic processes remain enigmatic. One proposed regime that does not exist on Earth today is partial convective overturn (PCO), where dominantly vertical tectonism is driven by density instabilities. Predicted effects of PCO on the rock record focus on structural, igneous, and metamorphic evidence, many of which are non-unique. To supplement this, we propose a qualitative model of PCO basin sedimentology, stratigraphy, and architecture based on characteristics of salt minibasins. We argue that halotectonics provide an appropriate analogue for PCO surface processes as both have density-driven diapirism resulting in surficial patterns of domal relief and inter-diapir accommodation. Our PCO basin model is characterized by the combination of (1) paleohighs over domes, (2) syn-depositional diapirism, and (3) diapir-influenced basin shape. We propose several lines of evidence for each of these characteristics, including an unroofing provenance sequence, reduced depositional energy away from domes, paleoflow shedding off of the domes, and progressive angular unconformities observed on multiple sides of a dome or basin. We compare our model to previously proposed features of PCO basins and demonstrate that the most optimistic assessment of prior sedimentological studies that suggest PCO formed specific Archean basins often lack evidence of all three characteristics or provide observations from only one side of a dome or basin, leaving ambiguity about whether the basin is truly shaped by diapirism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 119420"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global mantle heterogeneity structure from scattered PKPPKP","authors":"Sebastian Rost ,&nbsp;Daniel A. Frost","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To fully understand the dynamics and evolution of our planet we need information from the interior of our planet across a wide range of scale lengths. Seismic methods are limited in their resolution by the sensitivity of the seismic wavelengths. The smallest scalelengths of heterogeneity can be resolved using the scattered seismic wavefield above 1 Hz. Here we aim to image the global small-scale heterogeneity structure from crust to the core-mantle boundary using scattered energy related to <em>P</em><span><math><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span><em>P</em><span><math><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> (<em>P</em><span><math><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>•<em>P</em><span><math><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>) in a novel approach using stacking of high-frequency (0.7 to 2.1 Hz) teleseismic seismograms from single stations. We stack records sensitive to <em>P</em><span><math><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>•<em>P</em><span><math><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> energy in 10°x 10° bins across the globe and achieve good coverage of the mantle and crust across more than 60% of the surface area. The dataset especially samples the southern hemisphere and highlights lateral and radial changes in the small-scale (&lt;10 km) heterogeneity structure. Radially, we find the strongest scattering in the lithosphere and upper mantle where most sampled bins show evidence for small-scale heterogeneity in oceanic and continental regions. Similarly, the lowermost mantle in the D″ region shows evidence for widespread small-scale heterogeneity but with distinct lateral changes. Depths around the 660 km discontinuity show evidence for strong heterogeneity with less small-scale structure around mid-oceanic ridges likely related to increased mixing. On the other hand, the mid-mantle (∼1000 km to 2100 km) shows little evidence for scattering, either through a lack of heterogeneity, a lack of impedance contrast between the heterogeneities and the ambient mantle, or heterogeneity scalelengths making them invisible to our scattering probe. Lowermost mantle scattering can pre-dominantly be found near the edges of the Large-Low Velocity Provinces and in regions where subducted slabs reach the core-mantle boundary, potentially indicating a link between scattering heterogeneities and subducted oceanic basalt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 119415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected rupture triggering behavior of subshear and free-surface-induced supershear ruptures on stepover","authors":"Zijia Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of a rupture to propagate across a stepover plays a critical role in determining the earthquake’s final magnitude and potential damage. This study systematically investigated the jump distances of 3D strike-slip faults based on the rate- and state-dependent friction law with strong rate weakening. Moreover, we compared the rupture triggering behavior of subshear and free-surface-induced (FSI) supershear ruptures on the secondary fault. Unexpectedly, both simple and barrier models have demonstrated that, compared to FSI supershear rupture, subshear rupture can result in a larger jump distance for the compressional step due to its stronger dynamic stress perturbation. The free surface also plays an important role in this process. Subshear rupture also shows a stronger triggering ability for the extensional step in models that consider the rate-strengthening layer and depth-dependent stresses, as well as models with different overlap distances. These results emphasize the high cascading rupture potential of subshear ruptures and provide important insights for assessing seismic hazards of multi-fault systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 119457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining the origin of isotopic variations in chondritic materials through titanium and chromium isotopic analyses of refractory inclusions","authors":"Yuki Masuda ,&nbsp;Tetsuya Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Tsuyoshi Iizuka ,&nbsp;Yuki Hibiya","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies in meteorites indicate a non-uniform distribution of stable isotopes in the protosolar disk. Understanding the origin of the isotopic dichotomy between carbonaceous chondrites (CCs) and non-carbonaceous (NCs) meteorites, especially in Ti (ε⁵⁰Ti) and Cr (ε⁵⁴Cr), is essential for exploring the early evolution of the Solar System and the planetesimal formation. Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), the oldest Solar System condensates rich in CCs, control the isotopic compositions of refractory elements in CCs. However, the Ti-Cr isotopic compositions of CCs cannot be solely ascribed to commonly studied coarse-grained CAIs (CGs). Fine-grained CAIs (FGs), which have avoided melting after condensation, likely preserve the isotopic signature of CAI-forming gases, making them important for understanding the isotopic compositions of CCs and the origin of the NC<img>CC isotopic dichotomy.</div><div>This study investigates the Ti-Cr isotopic compositions of ten FGs and four CGs from three CV chondrites. These CAIs exhibit ε⁵⁰Ti values consistent with previous studies, while their ε⁵⁴Cr values are more variable than were previously obtained. Notably, some FGs present higher ε⁵⁴Cr and ε⁵⁰Ti values than CGs, suggesting a distinct origin for FGs that cannot be attributed to the matrix–CG mixing. Moreover, our results indicate that the diversity in isotopic composition of CCs cannot be fully explained by differences in the abundance of refractory materials among individual CCs. The negative correlation between ε⁵⁰Ti and ε⁵⁴Cr values in CCs suggests that the isotopic variability arose from either metal grains with low ε⁵⁴Cr values, or differences in isotopic composition among each CC matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 119447"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antarctic Phanerozoic landscape evolution along the Transantarctic basin from thermochronology","authors":"Timothy Paulsen ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Benowitz ,&nbsp;Stuart Thomson ,&nbsp;John Encarnación ,&nbsp;Anne Grunow ,&nbsp;Paul Layer ,&nbsp;Maddie Young","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geophysical studies reveal a rugged landscape underlying the Antarctic ice sheets, but the geologic factors that led to this highly variable bedrock topography remain unresolved. Subsidence of Transantarctic Mountains crust, induced, for example, by long-term crustal extension before Cenozoic exhumation and Cretaceous–Cenozoic rifting, has been previously inferred from geologic and thermochronological records. There are, however, uncertainties about the thermochronological history of basement rocks in the Transantarctic Mountains, particularly for the Paleozoic following the late Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic Ross-Delamerian orogeny. Here we show that K-feldspar ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar cooling ages (∼350–150 °C closure temperature) from granitoid bodies collected from a large region across the Transantarctic Mountains are consistent with local punctuated exhumation of basement highs in the Silurian–Devonian, Carboniferous–Triassic, and Cretaceous–Paleocene. Times of increased exhumation correlate with periods of erosion and nearby sedimentation, including the Late Paleozoic Ice Age glaciation. They also correlate with the known timing of outboard plate-margin tectonism, suggesting the presence of dynamic inboard Paleozoic-Mesozoic landscapes influenced by cycles of crustal deformation and possibly, glaciation along the Pacific-Gondwana margin. The results indicate a geologic history like Antarctica’s contiguous margin in eastern Australia and highlight the importance of collecting comprehensive time-temperature data to fully understand the evolution of bedrock relief. The data suggest similar thermochronological analyses of subglacial bedrock of East Antarctica and submarine rocks of the West Antarctic rift system have significant potential to provide new insight into the origin of Antarctica’s subglacial bedrock topography and its potential influence on Paleozoic and Cenozoic glacial cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"664 ","pages":"Article 119445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}