Ecology and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Twoline Skiffia's Latency to Exit a Refuge and to Locate Food When Socialising With Invaders and Raising Temperatures","authors":"Abigail Santiago-Arellano,&nbsp;Javier Alcocer,&nbsp;Erick de la Barrera,&nbsp;Morelia Camacho-Cervantes","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70813","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70813","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquatic ecosystems are reservoirs of biodiversity and are highly threatened. Among the main threats to biodiversity are invasive species and global warming, the later has allowed the establishment of invasive species from originally warmer climates outside their native range by reducing the barriers to their establishment and distribution. Behaviour is the immediate response that species modify to counteract changes in their environment. Latency to respond to certain stimuli is an indicator of different behavioural tendencies associated with boldness, for example, quickly leaving a shelter could lead to benefits like finding a mate or locating food faster. We investigated the latency to exit a refuge and to locate food of the native twoline skiffia (<i>Skiffia bilineata</i>) from central Mexico at three temperatures (18°C, 23°C and 28°C) and in the presence/absence of invasive guppies (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>). Our results are the first to show native fish could benefit from associating with invaders when emerging from a refuge and locating food under higher temperatures, but they would find themselves at the extreme of their thermal tolerance. Evidence of positive outcomes from biological invasions is increasing; however, further research is needed to understand if potential benefits for natives are temporary, which may make biological invasions less detrimental during the initial stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation Study on Fish Habitats in the Downstream Section of Yangqu Hydropower Station","authors":"Qiaoling Zhang,&nbsp;Youjie Ou,&nbsp;Weiying Wang,&nbsp;Guoyong Zhang,&nbsp;Zijun Liu,&nbsp;Shanshan Li,&nbsp;Guodong Li","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70756","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To promote the coordinated and sustainable development of hydropower exploitation and ecological environment in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, a fine simulation of the downstream riverway of Yangqu Hydropower Station was carried out to analyze the impact of the changes in water depth and flow velocity on fish habitats after the impoundment of Yangqu Hydropower Station. In this paper, <i>Gymnocypris eckloni</i> was selected as the target fish species. The fish habitat model was constructed using MIKE21. The habitat quality of the target fish species was graded by the fuzzy logic method with suitable flow velocity and water depth as conditions. The Weighted Usable Area (WUA)—flow response relationship of fish habitats under different qualities was studied, and the ecological flow required by the target fish species was obtained. The results indicated that the suitable ecological flow range, derived from the relationship between the weighted total area of habitats of different qualities and flow variations, ranged from 350 to 1100 m³/s. Furthermore, the suitable flow range determined through the proportion of WUA of habitats of different qualities was between 600 and 1150 m³/s. After a comprehensive analysis, the final suitable ecological flow range was determined to be 600 to 1150 m³/s. The proportion of high-quality habitat WUA ranged from 0.26 to 0.50, As the traffic increased, it first increased and then decreased, and was most affected by changes in traffic, the proportion of medium-quality habitat WUA fluctuated between 0.40 and 0.55, showing an overall upward trend. Meanwhile, the proportion of low-quality habitat WUA increased from 0.11 to 0.21, indicating the smallest impact from flow variations. The research results could provide a certain reference for the ecological scheduling of hydropower stations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Olfaction for Mixed Paternity in Birds","authors":"Charlotta Kvarnemo,&nbsp;Alice Anderstedt,&nbsp;Maria Strandh,&nbsp;Donald Blomqvist","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70863","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Olfaction can aid individuals in finding genetically compatible mates in many animals, while high levels of mixed paternity may result from a limited ability to evaluate their mate's genetic profile against their own before mating. To test this suggestion and explore if olfaction may indeed influence mating patterns in birds, we combined published measures of olfactory ability with data on genetic mating pattern in the same species, across a phylogenetically broad range of species. We used three measures of olfaction: (1) olfactory bulb diameter, (2) olfactory bulb volume and (3) number of olfactory receptor genes (148, 134 and 48 species, respectively). These measures were then matched to species-specific estimates of mating pattern, measured as percentage of broods with mixed paternity (&gt; 1 male siring offspring in the same brood). Limited overlaps between the datasets resulted in 30 matched species for olfactory bulb diameter, 31 for olfactory bulb volume and 15 for olfactory receptor genes. Controlling for brain size (telencephalon), we then correlated olfaction to mating pattern, and found that the bigger the relative olfactory bulb diameter, the lower the proportion of mixed paternity. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between olfactory bulb volume or number of receptor genes and paternity. This study thus indicates that mating patterns in birds may be influenced by olfactory ability, measured as olfactory bulb diameter. Next, we suggest expanding the datasets by collecting olfactory-focused measures, targeting species for which paternity measures already exist, to allow a full phylogenetic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Dynamics of the Exotic Flatworm Obama nungara in an Invaded Garden","authors":"Shanèze Noël,&nbsp;Yoan Fourcade,&nbsp;Virginie Roy,&nbsp;Georges Bonnet,&nbsp;Lise Dupont","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70827","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70827","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Population dynamics and the way abundance fluctuates over time may be key determinants of the invasion success of an introduced species. Fine-scale temporal monitoring of invasive species is rarely carried out due to the difficulties in collecting data regularly and over a long period. Thanks to the collaboration of an amateur naturalist, a unique dataset on the abundance of the invasive land flatworm <i>Obama nungara</i> was obtained during a 4-year survey of a French private garden, where up to 1585 <i>O. nungara</i> were recorded in 1 month. Daily monitoring data revealed high population size fluctuations that may be explained by meteorological factors as well as intra- and inter-specific interactions. Bayesian modeling confirmed that <i>O. nungara's</i> abundance fluctuates depending on temperature, humidity, and precipitation. Population growth seems to be favored by mild winters and precipitation while it is disadvantaged by drought. These exogenous factors affect both directly this species, which is sensitive to desiccation, and indirectly since they are known to affect the populations of its prey (earthworms and terrestrial gastropods). We also suggested the important resilience of <i>O. nungara</i> population in this site, which was able to recover from a drastic demographic bottleneck due to a severe drought, as well to systematic removal by the owner of the site. These findings highlight the potentially high invasiveness of <i>O. nungara</i> and raise concerns about the major threat these invasive flatworms pose to the populations of their prey.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11739606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar Conditions With Opposite Effects: Predation-Risk Effects on Prey Abundance Are Highly Contingent","authors":"Scott D. Peacor,&nbsp;Clayton E. Cressler,&nbsp;Kevin L. Pangle,&nbsp;Alexandra V. Rafalski,&nbsp;Chao Song,&nbsp;Earl E. Werner","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70861","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Experiments have shown that predation-risk effects on prey fitness can be highly contingent on environmental conditions, suggesting a potential difficulty in generalizing risk effects on prey abundance in natural settings. Rather than study the influence of a particular controlled factor, we examine the problem with a novel approach. We examined the influence of risk effects in multiple experiments performed under similar study conditions. Any differences in the experiments would typically be deemed incidental, that is, they would not be given attention in methodology, nor be presented as factors affecting results or inferences. Therefore, any differences in the magnitude and direction of risk effects among experiments would indicate that risk effects on prey population abundance are strongly influenced by context in natural communities. The multiple experiments were conducted under similar conditions, objectives, measurables and implementation, and captured much of the complexity of natural systems (e.g., they were performed with diverse prey assemblages (≥ 11 taxa) over multiple prey generations). Our results highlight the potentially profound context dependence of risk effects: risk effects on the density of some zooplankton species varied between a significant negative effect in one experiment to a significant positive effect in another, whereas other species showed significant negative or positive effects in one experiment and no effect in another. We review mechanisms that could underlie risk effects having opposite effects on the same prey. Our findings illustrate that risk effects observed in one study may not hold, even for the same species in the same system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Bat-Monitoring Dataset Reveals Targeted Foraging With Agricultural and Pest Control Implications","authors":"Brian Lee,&nbsp;Samantha Sambado,&nbsp;D. Nākoa Farrant,&nbsp;Anna Boser,&nbsp;Kacie Ring,&nbsp;David Hyon,&nbsp;Ashley E. Larsen,&nbsp;Andrew J. MacDonald","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70819","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70819","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying ecosystem services provided by mobile species like insectivorous bats remains a challenge, particularly in understanding where and how these services vary over space and time. Bats are known to offer valuable ecosystem services, such as mitigating insect pest damage to crops, reducing pesticide use, and reducing nuisance pest populations. However, determining where bats forage is difficult to monitor. In this study, we use a weather-radar-based bat-monitoring algorithm to estimate bat foraging distributions during the peak season of 2019 in California's Northern Central Valley. This region is characterized by valuable agricultural crops and significant populations of both crop and nuisance pests, including midges, moths, mosquitos, and flies. Our results show that bat activity is high but unevenly distributed, with rice fields experiencing significantly elevated activity compared to other land cover types. Specifically, bat activity over rice fields is 1.5 times higher than over any other land cover class and nearly double that of any other agricultural land cover. While irrigated rice fields may provide abundant prey, wetland and water areas showed less than half the bat activity per hectare compared to rice fields. Controlling for land cover type, we found bat activity significantly associated with higher flying insect abundance, indicating that bats forage in areas where crop and nuisance pests are likely to be found. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of radar-based bat monitoring in identifying where and when bats provide ecosystem services.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Demographic Life-History Traits of the Snake-Eyed Skink: Observations From an Island and a Mainland Population","authors":"Mehtap Ağdağ,&nbsp;Mehmet Zülfü Yıldız,&nbsp;Abdullah Altunışık","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70699","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70699","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The life-history traits of animals are influenced by several factors. It has been proposed that key factors such as competition, predation pressure, and resource availability may differ between mainland and island populations of the same species. In this context, our study focused on an island (Yayla, Cyprus) and mainland (Hassa, Türkiye) populations of the snake-eyed skink, <i>Ablepharus budaki</i>. This study aimed to reveal both intra-population and inter-population relationships in terms of mean age, longevity, age at maturity, body size, and sexual dimorphism. Our results show that lizards in the island population had longer lifespans and higher mean ages than the mainland population. Nevertheless, both populations were comparable in terms of mean body size. We also concluded that island individuals reach sexual maturity approximately 1 year later than their mainland conspecifics, and sexual dimorphism in terms of size is observed only in the mainland population. This study, offering initial demographic insights into the non-mainland population of the species, provides the reason for additional research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Conservation and Restoration Strategies of Endangered and Key Medicinal Clavicarpa Plants in Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau's Karst Areas Under Climate Change","authors":"Chao Luo,&nbsp;Baiyang He,&nbsp;Yulu Wu,&nbsp;Yuteng Xue,&nbsp;Huang Deng,&nbsp;Shanman Li,&nbsp;Xianghong Dong,&nbsp;Litang Lu","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70790","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70790","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The <i>Clavicarpa</i> species, valued for their pharmaceutical, ornamental, and economic importance, exhibit notable rarity and endemism in the Karst areas of the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau in China. These species face significant threats from habitat loss and fragmentation, leading to a decline in biodiversity. To mitigate these threats, the Maxent algorithm was employed to analyze current and future distribution patterns, with a particular focus on the influence of climate variables in predicting potential distribution shifts and assessing extinction risks under the optimistic SSP1-2.6 and the pessimistic SSP5-8.5 socioeconomic scenarios. The EC-Earth3-Veg, MRI-ESM2-0, and MPI-ESM1-2-HR models were utilized for conservation status assessment and project future distributions for four time periods: the present, 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s. The minimum temperature during the coldest month (Bio 6) was identified as the most critical environmental factor, influencing both habitat contraction and expansion. Our modeling indicates that regions such as South, Central, and East China, particularly areas east of the Aihui-Tengchong line and south of the Yangtze River, exhibit the highest suitability for <i>Clavicarpa</i> species within the geographical coordinates of 18° N–45° N and 97° E–120° E. Conversely, climate change projections suggest a habitat expansion for <i>Impatiens claviger</i>, <i>Impatiens tubulosa</i>, <i>Impatiens pritzelii</i>, and <i>Impatiens apalophylla</i>, while <i>Impatiens guizhouensis</i> and <i>Impatiens wilsonii</i> face increased extinction risks. Specifically, <i>I. claviger</i>, <i>I. tubulosa</i>, and <i>I. apalophylla</i> are expected to shift northward, necessitating potential relocation to southern regions, while <i>I. guizhouensis</i> and <i>I. wilsonii</i> are projected to experience habitat losses of over 23.94% and 9.13%, respectively. Our research provides a robust scientific foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of these important pharmaceutical species and offers a framework for effective biodiversity management. We recommend using protected areas as a basis for the future conservation, breeding, cultivation, and utilization of <i>Clavicarpa</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of Alignment in Feeding Aphids on the Plant Stem","authors":"Ayumi Kudo","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70799","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70799","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aphids are observed on various plant species, with most aphids feeding downward on stems. In this study, I studied the variations in feeding postures of aphids and their mechanisms. My field observations revealed that the majority of individuals from most species fed facing downward, or more precisely, towards the roots. Exceptions included <i>Indomegoura indica</i> on the scapes of <i>Hemerocallis</i> spp., which were aligned with their head facing the sky. Next, I investigated how plant orientation affects three aphid species, <i>Macrosiphoniella yomogifoliae</i>, <i>Megoura crassicauda</i> and <i>I. indica</i> with different body alignments on upright immature stems. On the stems of the inverted plants, the number of <i>Ma. yomogifoliae</i> and <i>Me. crassicauda</i> in the upward position (head facing the root of the plant) was significantly greater than that in the downward position (head facing the shoot apex of the plant). If their posture is affected by gravity or by certain advantages of the headstand posture, <i>Ma. yomogifoliae</i> and <i>Me. crassicauda</i> are expected to align in a consistent direction, regardless of the orientation of the plant. This suggests that plant cues influence their posture. In contrast, the majority of <i>I. indica</i> were aligned with the head facing the sky on the scape, regardless of <i>Hemerocallis</i>'s direction. This result indicates that the feeding posture of <i>I. indica</i> is affected by gravity and/or aphid's intrinsic factors. Therefore, this study provides a new perspective on the factors influencing aphid feeding posture preferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated Successful Nest Sharing and Cooperation Between Western Kingbirds (Tyrannus verticalis) and a Female Western Kingbird × Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher (T. forficatus) Hybrid","authors":"Alexander J. Worm,&nbsp;Emily R. Donahue,&nbsp;Than J. Boves,&nbsp;Andrew D. Sweet","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70818","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.70818","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nest sharing by birds, or the phenomenon where multiple individuals of different species contribute genetically and parentally to offspring in a single nest, is a rare form of cooperative breeding that has only occasionally been reported in socially monogamous birds. Here we describe, both behaviorally and genetically, the unique case of two female birds, a western kingbird (<i>Tyrannus verticalis</i>) and a western kingbird × scissor-tailed flycatcher (<i>T. forficatus</i>) hybrid, simultaneously occupying (and likely co-incubating eggs in) a single nest. Both females provisioned nestlings, and they did this in two consecutive years (producing four fledglings each year). Genomic data from the females revealed that they were unrelated, and parentage analyses revealed that both females contributed genetically to at least one of the offspring, and at least two fathers were involved. These observations represent the first reported case of nest sharing involving a hybrid individual and the first case within the family Tyrannidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}