Ecology and Evolution最新文献

{"title":"Mitogenomic Insights on the Phylogeny and Evolution of Lynx Spiders (Araneae, Oxyopidae)","authors":"Dan Fu,&nbsp;Lijuan Liu,&nbsp;Changjun Wu,&nbsp;Yufa Luo","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lynx spiders (Oxyopidae Thorell, 1869) have high diversity and widespread distribution (nine genera and 447 species currently described worldwide). They are important predators of many arthropod pests in agriculture and forestry. Although the taxonomy of lynx spiders has received attention, there is a lack of studies on their phylogeny, as well as the evolution of important ecological traits. Herein, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of lynx spiders using mitochondrial genomes, analyzed the characteristics of their mitogenomes, and tested the evolutionary pattern of maternal egg-guarding (EG) behaviors of lynx spiders. Our results suggest that the genera <i>Oxyopes</i> Latreille, 1804, <i>Hamataliwa</i> Keyserling, 1887, <i>Hamadruas</i> Deeleman-Reinhold, 2009, and <i>Peucetia</i> Thorell, 1869 are all the monophyletic groups, but <i>Tapponia</i> Simon, 1885 is not. Their phylogenetic relationships are shown as (<i>Peucetia</i>, (<i>Oxyopes</i>, (<i>Hamadruas</i>, (<i>Tapponia</i>, <i>Hamataliwa</i>)))). The family Oxyopidae is probably originated around 73.5 million years ago (Ma; 67.1–80.4 Ma) during the Late Cretaceous. We found only one gene arrangement pattern in the mitogenomes of Oxyopidae. Within the 13 protein-coding genes, only the COX1 gene change is positively affected by natural selection. The ancestral state reconstructions inferred the evolutionary process of three EG behaviors of lynx spiders. This study has advanced our understanding of the phylogenetic relationships among lynx spiders and their mitogenomic evolution, as well as the likely evolutionary pattern of oxyopid maternal EG behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing a Climate Change Resilient Landscape Connectivity Network From a Multi-Species Perspective","authors":"Carlos P. E. Bedson,&nbsp;Ben L. Payne,&nbsp;Chris Sutherland,&nbsp;Danielle J. Greaves,&nbsp;Heather E. White,&nbsp;Fraser Buchanan,&nbsp;Humphrey Q. P. Crick","doi":"10.1002/ece3.71956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71956","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is strong evidence that climate change causes species range shifts and declines. Protected areas and suitable habitats are important for maintaining biodiversity. Species range changes depend on landscape connectivity between areas, facilitating movement and colonisation. Conservationists should identify landscape connectivity, as climate change causes species to move at different points in time. We quantified national connectivity for England for a sample of nationally important taxa associated with limestone and upland habitats, reflecting the White Peak as example focal region. We generated England-wide species distribution models for 15 species for three climate change time scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 245): current, 2050 and 2090. We inverted these models, applying circuit theory analysis, to create connectivity maps. We applied <i>z</i>-score standardisation to compare differences between scenarios. We considered the top decile of connectivity occurring across the time periods as the ‘landscape connectivity network’. We compared this with the National Character Area framework of land parcels, the Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) map, and quantified landcover in the network. The landscape connectivity network showed future species requirements becoming more diffuse, i.e., the landscape becoming more permeable. High connectivity value land lay in South West or South East England, and the central Pennines; implying range shifts to diverging latitudes. The network measured 1,029,000 ha, with 13% inside SSSIs. In the White Peak focal example, there were 7600 ha, with 38% inside SSSIs. Across England, the network's landcover included broadleaved woodland (365,000 ha), calcareous grassland (55,000 ha), and improved grassland (305,000 ha), the latter thought to be of low biodiversity value. This research innovates by combining connectivity assessments for widely different taxa associated with one habitat type for three climate change time scenarios. It shows how connectivity tends to be concentrated in certain areas of England, thereby identifying important national and regional connectivity areas to support species conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.71956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-Dependent Shifts in Multiple Indirect Defensive Interactions on Black Cherry","authors":"Emma Dawson-Glass,&nbsp;Nathan J. Sanders,&nbsp;Marjorie G. Weber","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many plants engage in indirect defense via tri-trophic interactions whereby plants provide resources such as food or shelter to mutualists in exchange for protection against herbivores and pathogens, increasing plant fitness. As temperature regimes shift under climate change, understanding the influence of temperature on tri-trophic defensive interactions is increasingly important. However, where plant species host multiple tri-trophic defensive interactions, we still lack an understanding of if each interaction, even within the same system, responds in the same way to temperature. In this study, we monitored black cherry (<i>Prunus serotina)</i> seedlings for 10 weeks under ambient and increased temperatures to explore the effects of temperature on two different tri-trophic defensive interactions between black cherry and: (1) mutualistic leaf domatia-dwelling mites and leaf fungi; and (2) arthropod predators and herbivores. We found that the positive association between mite abundance and domatia size increased by 8.7% on warmed plants, while warming weakened the positive relationship between mite abundance and the abundance of foliar fungi by 14%, though warmer conditions alone did not affect the abundances of any of these groups. Further, warming increased the abundance of arthropod predators by 116% and decreased the amount of herbivory plants experienced by 42%, but did not modify the impact predators had on herbivory. Ultimately, the differences among interacting species with warming did not translate to differences in plant growth, indicating black cherry can be robust to at least some of the variation in species interactions caused by changing temperatures in the short term. These findings illustrate that warming can modify the abundance of, and relationships between, some but not all tri-trophic defensive interactions in a given system, further confirming that temperature does not impact plant interactions uniformly.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat Features Influencing Waterbird Use of Managed Wetlands Enrolled in a Public-Private Partnership for Land Conservation: The California Waterfowl Habitat Program","authors":"C. Alex Hartman,&nbsp;Joshua T. Ackerman,&nbsp;Sarah H. Peterson,&nbsp;Brady L. Fettig,&nbsp;Mark P. Herzog","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Draining, water diversion, and development have greatly reduced the availability of freshwater wetland habitat around the world, and many remaining wetlands are on private lands. Public–private partnership programs can be an important means for promoting habitat conservation and management on private lands. We investigated bird use of 117 wetlands enrolled in the California Waterfowl Habitat Program in California's Central Valley, where two-thirds of wetlands are under private ownership and management. Specifically, we quantified the influence of wetland habitat features and surrounding land cover on waterbird density and diversity in late winter and early spring and during the waterfowl breeding season. Dabbling duck and shorebird densities were highest in wetlands that had water depths &lt; 20 cm, and waterbird densities decreased with water depth. Greater amounts of emergent vegetation, especially tall and dense emergent vegetation, had a negative effect on total waterbird density but a positive effect on species richness and secretive marsh bird density. Shorebird and breeding duck densities were lower in wetlands with a large number of trees and other potential perch sites, and waterbird densities decreased with the amount of nearby wetland habitat on the landscape. Overall, we estimated that during late winter and early spring, private properties that were enrolled in the California Waterfowl Habitat Program (8000–8500 ha each year) supported 480,000 birds per day during extreme drought conditions in 2022 and 280,000 birds per day in more normal, non-drought conditions in 2023. Over the 76-day winter and early spring survey period, this amounted to more than 20 million bird use days on wetlands enrolled in the California Waterfowl Habitat Program during late winter and early spring. These results demonstrate the value of public–private wetland conservation partnerships, the influence of wetland habitat features and surrounding land cover on waterbird abundance, and the benefits of habitat features that could be incorporated into management plans and wetland selection criteria for enrollment into public–private conservation programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attraction of Telenomus remus to Egg Volatiles of Spodoptera litura and Oviposition-Induced Plant Volatiles From Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)","authors":"Ibrahim Osman,&nbsp;Zhimin Wang,&nbsp;Hongnian Li,&nbsp;Ertao Li,&nbsp;Honglin Feng,&nbsp;Jiao Yin,&nbsp;Gemei Liang,&nbsp;Zhengling Liu,&nbsp;Dekai Ning,&nbsp;Kebin Li,&nbsp;Yonghui Xie","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tobacco cutworm, <i>Spodoptera litura</i> F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest that causes enormous losses in tobacco production as it develops resistance to pesticides in China. <i>Telenomus remus</i> N. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an effective egg parasitoid for the genus Spodoptera. However, little is known about the volatile compounds that attract the parasitoid. In the present study, we investigated the response of <i>T. remus</i> to volatiles released from various sources, including <i>Spodoptera litura</i> egg masses, healthy tobacco plants, plants with manually introduced eggs, and plants with natural oviposition. The chemical profiles of the crude extracts were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and the behavioral assay was performed using a Y-tube olfactometer. Naïve and experienced <i>T. remus</i> showed significant attraction to crude extracts of <i>S. litura</i> egg masses and to oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs). In subsequent experiments, different concentrations and combinations of the synthetic volatiles obtained from these crude extracts were tested. Notably, the binary and ternary mixtures showed significant attraction, where the binary combination of linalool (L) with tetracosane (T) and linalool (L) with cis-3-hexenyl acetate (C) was strongly attractive. These results underscore the potential of using synthetic volatile dispensers, particularly binary combinations with precise doses, to enhance retention of <i>T. remus</i> and improve the efficacy of the biological control program.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock Grazing Management Influences Survival of Giant and Red Pandas in Southwest China","authors":"Yanshan Zhou,&nbsp;Xiang Yu,&nbsp;Chao Chen,&nbsp;Wenlei Bi,&nbsp;Rui Ma,&nbsp;Jiabin Liu,&nbsp;Zushen Li,&nbsp;Guanwei Lan,&nbsp;Rong Hou,&nbsp;Haijun Gu,&nbsp;Xiaodong Gu,&nbsp;Jinke Zeng,&nbsp;Minghua Chen,&nbsp;Buqie Shang,&nbsp;Zuofu Xiang,&nbsp;Dunwu Qi","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72106","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite intensified global efforts in wildlife conservation, livestock grazing remained a critical factor driving habitat changes. The quantitative studies specifically addressing the impact of grazing on the habitat changes of giant (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) and red pandas (<i>Ailurus styani</i>) were notably scarce. To address this knowledge gap, we used grazing data, environmental variables, and animal locations to evaluate the habitat preferences and spatial utilization patterns of giant and red pandas. The research results indicated that the preferred habitat of giant pandas progressively contracted as grazing intensity increased, whereas that of red pandas gradually expanded. However, the habitat suitability index (HSI) for both species declined. Furthermore, the spatial overlap degree in preferred habitats and the contribution of grazing factors in the habitat evaluation model progressively increased as grazing intensity increased. Our research also revealed that livestock was predominantly distributed in the marginal areas with the giant and red pandas. To mitigate grazing disturbance, giant and red pandas exhibited divergent habitat selection patterns. Specifically, red pandas tended to favor lower-altitude areas with steeper terrain under grazing pressure; giant pandas preferred steeper areas regardless of altitude. This study confirmed that grazing was a critical factor influencing the habitat selection of both giant and red pandas. Mitigating grazing pressure through targeted management interventions could significantly reduce this impact, offering a viable strategy for enhancing habitat conservation in the future. Our findings underscored the critical importance for wildlife protection departments in southwestern China to exercise greater caution when formulating and implementing grazing policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Early Life Habitat of Golden Mahseer Fish Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) in South Asia: Implications for Conservation","authors":"Anu Rai,&nbsp;Bibhuti Ranjan Jha,&nbsp;Kundan Lal Shrestha,&nbsp;Elio Guarionex Lagunes-Díaz","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.72117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The endangered golden mahseer (<i>Tor putitora</i>) (Hamilton, 1822) is a famed gamefish that has a restricted area of occupancy in the Himalayas. Owing to overexploitation, hydrologic alteration along rampant riverbed mining in its spawning grounds, both its number and size have significantly declined. A lack of study on the habitat status of the species is hindering the identification of local habitat threats. Planning evidence-driven conservation demands the identification of critical habitats and local habitat of golden mahseer. Hence, the overall aim of the study was to ascertain the habitat suitability of golden mahseer in its early life stage. For this, Species Distribution Modeling was conducted using spawning and nursing occurrence records. These habitats were mostly restricted to the northern region of its range. Almost 90% of the priority area identified as spawning and nursing habitat by this study is currently unprotected. With the identification of such habitats, conservation intervention can be further planned.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Plasticity in Tryptophan Metabolism Provides New Insights Into Physiological Adaptation in Snake Hibernation","authors":"Yuting Wei,&nbsp;Zexiu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaohong Lin,&nbsp;Gangning Wei,&nbsp;Pengyue Zhang,&nbsp;Huirong Mao,&nbsp;Biao Chen,&nbsp;Jianhao Ji,&nbsp;Yunlin Zheng,&nbsp;Zhiyi Luo,&nbsp;Xiaolong Hu","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72202","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hibernation is a common behavioral strategy for snakes to cope with extreme environments. This phenomenon has raised important scientific questions regarding its physiological adaptation mechanisms. Although tryptophan and its metabolites have been widel y studied for their roles in various physiological processes in animals—including immune regulation, metabolic homeostasis, and circadian rhythms—the impact of snake hibernation on tryptophan metabolism remains unexplored. In the present study, an integrated multi-omics approach that combines targeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, and microbiome was used to reveal the tryptophan metabolism mechanisms in active and hibernating snakes. Our results revealed that the higher gut indole concentrations observed in active snakes indicate a greater reliance on microbial pathways in their tryptophan metabolism. Correlation analyses between gut microbiota and indole levels further identified specific bacterial genera—<i>Paeniclostridium, Romboutsia</i>, and <i>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</i>—as potential key contributors to tryptophan conversion into indole. Additionally, the higher serum concentrations of metabolites such as kynurenic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophol, along with the upregulated expression of key genes, indicate that hibernating snakes exhibit an increased reliance on the kynurenine and 5-hydroxytryptamine pathways for tryptophan metabolism. These findings collectively suggested that the seasonal plasticity of tryptophan metabolism may mediate physiological adaptations during snake hibernation, thereby providing deeper cognition into the mechanisms underlying reptilian hibernation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72202","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Network Between Frugivorous Birds and Plants in Karst Habitats","authors":"Guohai Wang,&nbsp;Yanru Wang,&nbsp;Can Zhou,&nbsp;Huangmin Zhang,&nbsp;Lijuan Wei,&nbsp;Dengpan Nong,&nbsp;Chi Yung Jim,&nbsp;Qihai Zhou","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.72087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The karst region of southwest China is characterized by fragmented habitats featuring high plant diversity but low biological resource availability. Furthermore, high-intensity human activities degrade natural vegetation, reduce landscape connectivity, and alter the bird–plant interaction network. To characterize plant–frugivorous interaction networks in karst habitats, we established six 3 to 5 km transects within Guangxi's Chongzuo White-headed Langur National Nature Reserve, conducting year-round observations of 18 frugivorous birds foraging on 14 fruiting plant species. We calculated four network-level metrics (characterizing network structure) and three species-level metrics (evaluating bird and plant contributions to network structure). Then, we analyzed how species traits influenced their network roles. Compared with the networks (<i>N</i> = 1000) generated by the null model, the observed network exhibited lower connectance (C_{<i>z</i>-score} = −24.86), higher weighted nestedness (<i>w</i>NODF_{<i>z</i>-score} = −1.34), higher specialization (<i>H</i>₂<i>´</i>_{<i>z</i>-score} = 75.39), and higher modularity (<i>Q</i>_{<i>z</i>-score} = 35.85). Rainy seasons showed higher <i>z</i>-scores for these metrics than dry seasons. Under three extinction scenarios, bird robustness ranged from 0.459 to 0.936, while plant robustness ranged from 0.404 to 0.872. Network stability was compromised when bird or plant species with the highest centrality values were removed, with plant removal being more detrimental. <i>Pycnonotus jocosus</i>, <i>P. aurigaster</i>, and <i>P. sinensis</i> showed the highest species degree and species strength among birds. Meanwhile, <i>Ficus altissima</i>, <i>F. concinna</i>, and <i>Camphora officinarum</i> exhibited the highest values among plants. Bird body mass correlated negatively with species degree and species strength but positively with specialization. Body length correlated positively with species degree and negatively with specialization. The fruit abundance index (FAI) correlated positively with plant species degree and species strength. Our findings highlighted the seasonal differences in the frugivorous bird–plant network in karst habitats and the species traits affecting network functional roles. These results enrich the theoretical framework of the plant–frugivorous interaction network in karst ecosystems, providing a foundation for further analysis of the impact of karst habitat fragmentation on network structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.72087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Habitat Model for Assessing the Impact of the Three Gorges Project on Phytophilic Spawners","authors":"Chenguang Xiang,&nbsp;Wei Huang,&nbsp;Cuixia Yao,&nbsp;Huaidong Zhou,&nbsp;Zhuowei Wang,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Pan Yang","doi":"10.1002/ece3.72166","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ece3.72166","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Riverine ecosystems provide essential functional habitats for fish reproduction through dynamic hydrological regimes. However, reservoir operations fundamentally alter these natural hydrologic rhythms, creating novel selective pressures on aquatic organisms. This study investigates how dam-induced hydrological changes affect phytophilic spawners (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i> and <i>Carassius auratus</i>) in the Three Gorges Reservoir—a group that has come to dominate the fish assemblage due to the shift from lotic to lentic conditions following impoundment. We developed a process-based habitat model that integrates hydraulic parameters with an innovative water level fluctuation suitability index to quantify functional habitat loss. Our results demonstrate that reservoir drawdown regimes reduce high suitability incubation areas by 39.5% (with WUA decreasing by 34.3%), effectively compressing viable spawning microhabitats into discrete fluvial segments. The altered hydrological conditions create temporal mismatches between embryonic developmental phases and habitat stability windows, disproportionately affecting species with specialized oviposition strategies. These findings provide a basis for ecological regulation to enhance the suitability of spawning habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11467,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Evolution","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12443497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}